2020考研政治真题汇总

2020考研初试已经结束了，紧张复习了一年时间，终于可以稍微放松下了，紧绷的神经也得到了休息，休息过后，大家还有好好准备下复试，不管知不知道考试成绩，也要好好准备下，本校本专业的考生可能不需要过多准备，但是那些跨专业跨地区跨院校考试的考生，可是要好好的准备了。初试过后，各种真题资源及答案满天飞，不过有的题目不准，有的没有答案，有的缺少试题。今天给大家来过来的也是真题，完整高清版本，可以拿去打印。想要获取历年真题资料PDF版的可以评论留言获取。2020考研真题：政治真题及答案解析，高清完整版来源：文都（免责及版权声明：仅供个人研究学习，不涉及商业盈利，如有侵权请及时联系删除，观点仅代表作者本人，不代表本号立场）

作为开场考试科目，2020政治考研真题结束了。大家关心的是，自己答对了几道2020政治考研真题主观题。其实，2020政治考研真题中的选择题也同样重要。选择题的正确率是取得高分的关键。接下来，跟文都考研网一起看看2020政治考研真题完整版吧。

2020考研政治科目已于今日上午考完，从目前公布的考研政治真题来看，今年考研政治的难度不大，尤其是考研政治后面的分析题和材料题都在考生的预料之中，相信很多考生在看到今年考研政治材料题和分析题以后心里会有一丝安慰，不会产生太大的心理波动，也不会对当天下午的考研英语发挥产生什么负面影响。2020考研政治真题难度如何？考生考70分难度大吗？从今年考研政治真题的内容来看，单选题难度和去年持平，考生只要认真复习就能得出正确答案，真题的内容从近代史、马哲、政治经济学、科学社会主义、毛中特、时事政治这些内容，考察的知识点比较基础，个人认为单选题正确率应该达到90%以上，考生只要认真复习单选题最多错一两个。而从考生的考试反映来看，考研政治多选题来看，难度中等，考察知识全面，如果考生复习知识不扎实，很难得高分。因此考生考研政治真正拉开分数线的就是政治多选题。从真题的材料题分析题来看，第34题考察辩证法原理，属于马哲方面的内容，难度不大，考生只要回答基础知识就行。第35题考察毛中特与时事政治方面内容，其中中国特色社会主义制度是基础题型，考生平时已经接触过一方面内容，第一小题难度不大，但是第二小题考察有深度，考生需要运用辩证法来分析回答。第36题属于近代史方面的内容，这两道小题难度不大，属于送分题，考生认真作答即可。第37题表面考张富清老人的先进事迹，但是还是在考察理想信念方面的内容，只需要记住理想信念的运用即可，第38题第一小题考察时事政治内容，考生需要对举办进口博览会的背景有所了解方可作答。第二小题有一些难度，考生需要理解文化和商品的关系才能作答。综上所述，2020考研政治真题难度不大，考生成绩过国家线不是问题，不需要有太大的担心。但是考生考研政治想考70分，还是会有一些的难度，考生如果考研政治多选题错误太高，考试成绩上60分都会很难。如果保持考研政治单选择错一两个，多选题错两个左右就要那么根据今年的材料分析题来看，考研政治考70分以上是非常容易的事。

大家好，我是考研政治吴坤宇老师。作为政治老师，第一眼看到选择题的时候，就想说一句话：“今年的命题怕不是疯了？”开门第一道题就给同学来了一个下马威。这题我想说如果非马克思主义及政治相关专业，真正凭实力能答出来的，应该不超过10%吧。所以这题纯属就是为了来恶心一下大家，击破大家心理防线的。大家不要担心，你做错了其他人也一样会错，目测这道题正确率不会超过30%，而且只有1分。除了第一题之外，其他的选择题在挖坑设置上也是暗藏心机，我在看到很多题的时候都为大家捏了一把汗。接下来分析题：第一眼看见分析题的时候，差点笑出声。因为之前我在别的回答中曾经做过一系列的分析，这几道题基本上全部我在这个文章里预测到的方向。包括我给我的同学们出的押题资料，基本上也都能涵盖了这些考点。但是，细看起来，有些题目的设置不可谓不心机。先来看下分析题的题干：（本文只做分析，不做解析，不想对答案的可以放心观看）34(1)分析自然界中“一物降一物”平衡法则所体现的唯物辩证法原理。(5分)(2)为什么说“跳出传统思维模式,创新之路会越走越宽”?(5分)「分析」：很多人觉得马原没有押中，马原考的偏了，我恰恰认为马原其实并不是特别偏，唯物辩证法一直是高频考点，简直就是往死里背都不为过的。唯一在第二问稍微有点难度，但是大家要注意到第二问并没有限定原理，所以属于开放型问题，答案的要点基本上会有一句话：言之有理酌情给分，大家可以放心，这种题给分一般会比较宽松。35(1)如何理解“中国特色社会主义制度是党和人民在长期实践探索中形成的科学制度体系”?(6分)(2)阐述坚持和完善中国特色社会主义制度与推进我国国家治理体系和治理能力现代化之间的关系。(4分)「分析」：这题如果大家有认真背诵过，基本上是原题啊，而且我在前面的预测也说过，十九届四中全会必考，所以这个应该是大家都能做出来的。36.(1)如何理解中共中央在香山虽然只有半年时间,但“在中国共产党历史、中华人民共和国历史上具有非常重要的地位”?(5分)(2)为什么说中华人民共和国的成立“彻底改变了近代以后100多年中国积贫积弱受人欺凌的悲惨命运”?(5分)「分析」：这题其实也并不太出乎意料，建国70周年的考点我在上面一篇文章中也预测到了。唯独大家比较陌生的可能是那个进驻香山，这个其实在建国的考点群里也有对应的考点，比如“七届二中全会”。37.(1)结合张富清高尚的人生追求,说明理想信念的力量。(6分)(2)国家颁授国家勋章和国家荣誉称号对全社会弘扬和践行社会主义核心价值观有何重要意义?(4分)「分析」：张富清这个问题我也是猜中了的，第一眼看到还是没有太多的悬念，但是仔细看了一下发现暗藏玄机。它没有考到爱国和人生价值，反而去考了理想信念、社会主义核心价值观。这两个部分的内容其实前几年刚刚出过分析题，这就是非常经典的反押题。不过思修法基大部分题给分比较宽松些，大家也不用过于在意。38.(1)阐述中国举办国际进口博览会的背景和意义。(5分)(2)为什么说进博会“交易的是商品和服务,交流的是文化和理念”?(5分)「分析」：这道题角度很清奇，但是考的依然是进口博览会，所以肖四你们背的内容可以拆开来用，它的思路其实还在当代的框架之内的。总结：这次考试很多细节上体现出了反押题，也是明显算计到了肖四的出题角度，这从整个考研的十年规律来看，这其实也属于正常情况（前两年押中原题多，其实是因为出题人太单纯了），所以大家不要过于担心，因为除了你之外，还有那么多人只是背了肖四就上考场了，所以你好大家都好，你不好大家都不好。现在大家要做到的是赶快把所有考研政治的资料扔掉，赶快迎接即将来临的其它考试吧。

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一、单项选择题：1~16小题，每题1分，共16分。下列每题 给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项是最符合题目要求的。1. 马克思和恩格斯首次系统阐述历史唯物主义基本观点的著作A. 德意志意识形态B. 神圣家族C. 哲学的贫困D. 共产党宣言【答案】A2. 人们能从历史中汲取经验教训是因为A. 历史规律和自然规律有惊人的相{以B. 人类历史发展存在着不以人的意志为转移的规律C. 历史总是在循环往复中不断向前发展D. 人类已经完全掌握了历史发展的内在规律【答案】B3. 从社会意识和社会存在的关系看，法律法规A. 总是阻碍新技术的健康发展B. 只能落后于新技术发展C. 与新技术发展具有不平衡性D. 归根到底是新技术发展的内在动力【答案】C4. 马克思指岀：资本主义在发展"社会劳动的生产力"的同时进 而不自觉的创造着一种更高级的生产形式的物质条件，这表明：A. 资本主义生产方式能够无限制解放和发展社会生产力B. 资本越发展越有利于巩固资本主义C. 资本越扩张越不利于创造更多的物质财富D. 资本主义生产是一种历史的、过渡性生产形式【答案】D5. 毛泽东思想作为马克思主义中国化的第一个重大理论成果，是 由一系列相互联系的重要理论观点所构成的科学思想体系这一 科学体系所围绕的主题是A. 中国革命和建设B. 中国命运和前途C. 中国社会性质和阶段状况D. 中国改革和发展6. 构建新发展格局,是以习近平同志为核心的党中央积极应对国 际国内形势变化，与时俱进提升我国经济发展水平，塑造国际经 济全球和竞争新优势提岀的战略决氣这一发展格局是A. 以体制机制创新为主体，利用好国际国内两个市场B. 以編户和平稳定为主体，促进国际国内经济复苏C. 以国内大循环为主体，国内国际双循环相互促进D. 以发展先进制造业为主体，促进产业结构优化升级7. 改革开放初期，确立了公有制为主体的市场经济，多种所有制 公共发展，按劳分配为主体，多种分配制度并存，社会市场经济 制度等社会主义基本经济制度，这一基本经济制度中，坚持公有 制的主体地位是因为A. 公有制是社会主义市场经济的重要组成部分B. 公有制是我国经济社会发展的重要基础C. 生产资料所有制决定社会的基本性质和发展方向D. 由生产资料所有制决定的分配方式能使一切社会成员实 现全面发展8. 创新是弓|领发展的第一动力，必须把创新摆在现代化建设全面 的核心地位。2020年9月11日习近平在《科学家座谈上讲话》 中指出我国经济发展及改善民生比以往任何时候都需要加强创 新这个第一动力，创造更多从"0”到"1”的突破，需要摆在更 加突岀位置的是A. 提升原始创新能力B. 加快推进消化吸收再创新C. 加强了企业创新主体地位D. 改善科技创新9. 洋务运动时期，洋务派兴办了一些企业少数官办或官商合办， 多数是官督商办，这些关督商办的企业是什么性质?A. 封建性质企业B. 半封建C. 资本D. 社会性质10. 中国人民抗战胜利的关键是A. 民族意识的觉醒与全民的抗战B. 反侵压战争的正义性与进步性C. 世界反法西斯力量的团结与支持D. 中国共产党中流砥柱的作用11. 人民政协的召开标志着A. 民族区域自治制度的建立B. 工商代表大会制度的建立C. 人民代表大会制度的建立D. 新型政协制度的建立12. 我国对资本主义工商业的社会主义改造执行的是A. 互助合作政策B. 调整巩固C. 和平赎买D. 剥夺没收13. 个人与社会的关系最根本的是A. 个人价值与社会价值B. 个人利益与社会利益C. 个人理想与社会理想D. 个人存在与社会存在14. 新时代爱国主义教育的着力点是A. 坚持实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦B. 坚持依法治国和以德治国相结合C. 坚持祖国统一和民族团结D. 坚持立足中国又面向世界15. 北斗三号全球卫星导航系统建成并开通服务，标志着A. 我国卫星导航系统实现了零的突破B. 我国成为世界上第三个独立拥有全球卫星导航系统的国C. 世界所有国家都已使用我国北斗导航系统D. 我国全球卫星导航系统重设实现了第二步目标16. 2020年全球服务服装贸易会于9月4日-9日在北京成功举 力'。本届服贸会的主题是：A. 文化融合，创新发展B. 开放包容，团结合作C. 齐心协力，携手前行D. 全王求服务，互惠共享二、多项选择题：17-33小题，每题2分，共34分。下列每题 给出的四个选项中，至少有两个选项是符合题目要求的。多选、 少选或错选均不得分。17. 最近，科学家利用宇宙三维地图发配迄今最大的宇宙结构之—,包含了数十万星系长达14亿光年的"南极塔”，中国科学 表示由于万有引力，密度较高的区域会产生较弱的引力，将周围 物质吸引进来形成了星系以及更大尺度的结构，现代宇宙学表 明，宇宙是由暗物质、暗能星主导的，但暗物质究竟是什么，目 前不得而知，在"南极塔"等宇宙大尺度结构中，很可能藏着大 量的暗物质，这是宇宙演化历史的重要指针，"南极塔”的发展 表明A. 未知世界与已知世界是客观存在的B. 整个物质世界的时间和空间是有限的C. 世界本质是暗物质能量D. 世界只有尚未认知之物，没有不可认识之物【答案】A D18. 人体是抗击病毒的"机制”，当病原体进入体，升高的体温 刺激免疫系统打败病毒，在理想的情况下，免疫系统创造了一个 环境让病原体，進以生存，一旦病原体适应更高的温度，人的免 疫系统就无法发挥】乍用。人的免疫与自然环境之间联系A. 人类只能适应自然环境变化而不能改变自然环境B. 自然环境对人类发展有决定性作用C. 自然是长发展的重要前提D. 人在受自然制约的同时交环境【答案】C D19. 商品经济是一定社会历史条件的产物，商品经济得以产生的 社会历史条件A. 生产资料和劳动产品属于不同所有者B. 社会分工的出现及其存在C. 商品具有了使用价值和价值两个因素D. 交换过程中形成了充当一般等价物的商品【答案】A B20. 为了实现盈利，将人工流水线改造成机器流水线，受经济危 机，从市场上采购生产原料价格下降，资本构成发生变化的是A. 资本有机构成B. 资本积累构成C. 资本技术构成D. 资本价值构成【答案】A C D21.1871巴黎公社革命，马、恩总结的经验主要有A. 无产阶级政权是为人民服务的机关B. 必须为碎旧的国家机器建立无产阶级政权C. 无产阶级革命取得成功并保持果实的首要条件是要有革 命的武装D. 必须建立无产阶级政党，发挥党的政治领导作用【答案】A B C D22. 社会主义基本制度确立以后，如何在中国这一个经济文化比 较落后的东方大国建设和巩固社会主义：是党面临的一项崭新课 题.为找到一条适合中国国情的社会主义建设道路，总带领人民进 行了艰难曲折的初步探索。这一份初步探索的意义主要体现在A. 体现了马克思主义中国化的第二次飞跃B. 丰富了科学社会主义的理论和实践C. 巩固和发展了我国社会主义制度D. 为开创中国特色社会主义提供了宝贵经验，理论准备，物质基础【答案】B C D23. 我国经济发展新动能的持续壮大声明A. 创新驱动了引领作用进一步加强B. 供给的结构效果取得了显著绩效C. 数字经济已成为我国经济高质量发展的新引擎D. 现代化经济已经生成【答案】A B C24. 十三五时期我国大气污染治理取得了明显成效，主要得益 于?A. 坚特全民共治，全民防治B. 把突出环境问题作为生态文明建设的着力点C. 构建生态通道的生物多样I生保护网络D. 不断完善生态环境保护制度和强化环保监督25. 我国提高就业质量的主要举措是A. 开展大舰模职业技能信训B. 提供全方位公共就业服务C. 构建和谐劳动关系D. 使失业率保持保持合理区间26. 促进各民族像石榴籽一样紧紧抱在一起旨在A. 铸牢中华民族共同意识B. 建设各民族共有精神家园C. 巩固和发展平等团结互助和谐社会的社会主义民族关系D. 使各民族在中华民族大家庭手足相亲，守望相助27. 鸦片战争成为中国近代史起点是因为随着西方列强入侵A. 中国封建社会逐渐变成了半殖民地半封建社会B. 中国开始善于西方资本主义国家C. 中国人民逐渐开始反帝反封建的资产主义革命D. 无产阶级与资产阶级的矛盾上升为占支配地位的主要矛盾【答案】A C 28. 五四运动后，社会主义思潮在中国蓬勃兴起，马克思主义开 始在知识界得到传播。中国早期信仰马克思主义的人物，就类型 而言，主要包括:A. 五四运动的左翼骨干B. 五四以前的新文化运动的精神领袖C. 原中国同盟会会员，辛亥革命时期的活动家D. 工人群众中的活跃分子29. 中国从开始全面建设社会主义到1976年尽管经历过严重的 曲折，但从总体上来说，社会主义建设取得的成就是显著的，主 要表现在A. 人民生活水平的提高与文化教育，医疗，科技事业的发展B. 独立完整的工业体系的建立和国民体系的建设C. 国际地位的提高与国际环境的改善D. 探索中形成的建设社会主义的若干重要原则30. 2020年颁布的《中华人民共和国民法典》是新中国第一部以 法典命名的法律，这部法典共七编，1260条，包括总则、物权、 合同、人格权、婚姻、家庭、继承、侵权责任以及附则。被称为"社会生活的百科全书"。它系统地整合了新中国成立七十多年 来司法实践中形成的民事法律规范，汲取和借鉴了中外优势法治 建设的有益成果，是一部具有鲜明中国特色、实践特色、时代特 色的民法典，开创了我国法典编纂立法的先河。编纂民法典的重 大意义是：A. 推进全面依法治国，推进国家法律体系和治理能力现代化 的重大举措B. 坚持和完善中国特色社会主义制度的现实需求C. 坚持和完善社会主义基本经济制度、推动经济高质量发展 的客观要求D. 增进人民福祉，纟偽户广大人民根本利益的必然要求31. 法律权威是指法律再社会中的作用力、影响力和公信力，是 法律应有的尊严和生命，法律是否具有权威取决于0A. 法律再时间中的实施程度B. 法律本身的科学程度C. 法律在国家和社会治理体系中的地位和作用D. 法律被国际社会认同和尊崇的程度32.2020年6月30日，十三届全国人大常委会第二十次会议表 决通过的《中国人民共和国香港特别行政区纟偽户国家安全法》， 是新形势下坚持和完善"一国两制"制度体系的标志性法律，其 重大作用在于()A. 有效应对各种反中乱港势力B. 确保国家主权在香港收到严格保护C. 弥补香港国安方面的立法缺失D. 保障香港长治久安和长期繁荣稳定33. 2020.11.15,东盟16国与中，日，韩，澳和新西兰正式签 署《区域全面经济 伙伴关系稳定》(RECP),全球最大贸易区 诞生其重要意义主要体现在()A. 将为区域乃至全球经济复苏注入新动能B. 开启了区域经济一体化新篇章C. 全球贸易投资自由化、便利化取得压倒性优势D. 将更好地发挥中国作为亚太地区价值新中心节点作用【答案】A B D三、材料分析题。34-38小题，每小题10分，共50分。要 求结合所学知识分析材料。34.(马原)材料：第1段：当今世界正经历百年未有之大变局，不稳定性不确 定性明显增强(首句)第4段：只有准确把我分析我国发展阶段、环境、条件变化、 看清变局本质和发展大势，顺势而为，谋事而动，提升危中寻机, 化危为机的能力，沉着应对变局，开拓新局，集中力量办好自己 的事，推动形成新发展格局，才能牢牢把握化危为机的主动权， 为不确定的世界增加确定性。(末句)摘自《人民日报》(2020年4月3日、4月16日、9月25日)(1) 分析在"危机中育新机，于变局中开新局",这一论断 蕴含的唯物辩证理论。(5分)(2) 运用主观能动性与客观规律性相统一的原理，分析"主 动永变"与"准确识变"之间的关系。(5分)35.(毛中特)(1) 从人民生活水平不断提高的视角，分析我国从"解决 温饱"到"达到小康水平"再到”全面达成小康社会"中体现的 中国特色社会主义制度优势。(6分)(2) 如何理解”实现小康社会不是终点，而是新生活新奋斗 的起点? " (4分)36.第1段：1950年6月朝鲜内战爆发。(首)第5段：抗美援朝战争伟大胜利，是中国人民站起来站立于 世界东方的宣言书，是中华民族走向伟大复兴的主要里程碑，对 中国和世界都有重大而深远的意义。摘自《习近平在纪念中国人 民志愿军抗美援朝岀国作战70周年大会上的讲话》(1) "党和政府作出抗美援朝，保家卫国的历史性决策需要 "非凡的气魄和胆略"请结合新中国成立初期的形式和党的任务，加以分析说明。(5分)(2) 为什么说"抗美援朝战争伟大胜利"对中国和世界都有 重大和深远的意义? (5分)37.(思修法基)材料:1979年12月6日，邓小平同志在会见日本首相大平正芳时 谈到了二十世纪末我过的奋斗目标："我们要实现四个现代化， 是中国式的现代化"(首)第2段：党的十九届五中全会通过的《中共中央关于制定….目标 的建议》宣告："’十三五’规划目标任务即将完成....社会主义 中国以更加雄伟的(末)身姿屹立于世界东方。”摘编自《人民日报》(2020年7月15日、 11月4日)"人对美好生活的向往，就是我们的奋斗目标。”这是恢弘 壮丽的新征程，又是任重道远的新征程。)摘自《人民日报》(2020 年6月30日，7月20日)(1)中国抗疫精神是中国精神的生动诠释，"全国人民都在 为"武汉热干面"加油"，其中体现了什么样的中国精神?(2)伟大抗疫精神将激励新时代青年如何负担民族复兴的时代使命?38.(时政)(1) 分析中国和美国两国在面对国际组织和国际事务的不同 态度，并指出其本质。【材料里主要写的是美国退出来很多国 际组织，而中国积极参与国际组织和事物，疫情期间捐款，并在 2年中陆续捐款20亿美元物资等，疫苗研制成功会在全球范围 内推广使用】(2) 习近平指岀的"四点建议"对于后疫情时代全球治理体 系改革和建设有什么意义?【材料里的四个建议是：主持公道、 厉行法治、促进合作、聚焦行动】

早上好呀，小可爱们大家伙政治复习的咋样了啥？还在死记硬背？人家可都进入真题阶段了！别急，带大家梳理秋季备考策略考研政治真题在考生理解考研大纲的时候有很强的指导作用。没有任何的辅导书或者模拟试题，在权威性上能超越真题。所以呢，让我们通过19年的政治真题来看一看20考研政治如何复习？一、2019考研政治试卷具有几个特点：1.考试内容基本围绕考纲内容，没有偏题怪题的出现。这是个值得庆幸的事情，所以对于我们同学的要求就是在平时把基础知识打牢，把一些重点考点难点理解到位。考研政治对于我们广大考生来说基础知识才是基本，要想政治学科取得高分就一定要在基础知识上下功夫，只有这样，不管题干怎么千变万化，才能我自岿然不动，夺取高分。2.选择题与分析题相比较难一些。对于我们的考生来说，如果考试前按照老师的要求去做，那么所以的考点和重点就都抓到了。所以在分析题上一般不会拉开太大差距。而在选择题中，多选题相对难一些，往往是我们同学们丢分最多的部分。那么多选题对考生的基础知识考察的更为关键，得多选者得天下，因此，同学们应该平时多积累知识点，抓好基础知识。3.突出社会热点问题。各位考生可能都看到不少材料或者选择题的题干都是社会时政热点，分析题基本都是今年的热点。从整个试卷33个选择题型来看，有很大一部分的题涉及社会热点，今年的分析题更是紧密结合社会热点的内容，可以说所有的分析题的材料都是社会热点，所以考生需要注意平时多注意一些重要的时政。想要取得好成绩要注意一下几点：第一、制定合理的学习计划针对基础阶段，强化阶段和冲刺阶段要安排自己学习政治的时间和强度，在前期学习中熟悉教材内容，理解教材内容，特别是马克思主义基本原理要理解。然后对马克思主义基本原理、毛中特、史纲以及思修法基的内容在理解的基础上有个宏观的逻辑框架。一定要有步骤，有规划的进行学习。第二、规划良好的学习方法政治学科知识比较综合，一共包括五大学科的内容，知识内容比较庞杂，所以我们把这几个学科的知识进行合理的规划。对于不同学科的方法也是不一样的，马原的学习主要是理解基础上记忆。而毛中特和史纲放在一起学习比较好，在把握历史时间线索的基础上去理解学科的逻辑线索，然后对内容加以记忆。思修的学习把握好思想道德以及法律各部分的重点知识，特别是思想与道德，当然在这几门的学习中，马原和毛中特是我们需要多加些时间去学习的。时间规划以及学习方法9月进入九月后，开始研习政治真题。大约10套真题，3到5天一套真题。仅研究选择题。10月10月是背诵的一个月。背诵内容包括：（1）选择题欠缺的知识点，真题的错题，1000题的错题。（2）背诵书籍要背5遍以上。尤其注意考纲变动知识点，重点记忆。（3）政治大题之马原部分。马原大题基本是送分题，但是需要背诵大约18个原理（记不清多少个原理了），这道题我们不去押题，答案就在这18个原理之中。11月-12月这两个月份到了随后的关键时刻，大家可以反复背诵彭林强老师和罗天老师的《冲刺背诵笔记》和《历年真题高频考点精讲》第三、选取复习资料一定要慎重。到了最后的冲刺阶段，之前大家报的谁的班就用谁的辅导书即可，切记不要盲目更换，这样很容易打乱之前的复习计划。同时考生不要盲目的相信题海战术，思而不学则殆，学而不思则罔! 所以要有针对性的选择材料做题，注重质量大于数量，切记眉毛胡子一把抓的大量做题。说了这么多大家伙对于接下来的复习有规划吗？

28. 学习*主义一开始就_______A.注重结合B. 学基本理论C.知……结合D. 明确提出结合命题29. 朝战，1950.6. 进台海，干涉内政，鸭绿江，依然抗美。1953.7. 抗美主义_______A.打破了美国侵略扩张势力，结束美在东方的霸权。B. 提高中国国际威望，赢得中国稳定环境。C.捍卫了安全，维护世界和平，做出了贡献D. 破美不胜，增强自信30. 时政：《从新时代公民道德实施纲要》 重点任务______A 培养核心价值观 B 符理信之基C 传承传统美德 D 弘扬民族精神;时代精神31. 从自媒体，民法规定为界限，法权界限正确______A 权行具有唯一性 B 目的正当性C 行使不能超法限 D 正当程序32. 探月 中继_______A 人类首次月背着 B 太空站建序C 首次中继通讯 D 开启月探新篇33. 2019年是中俄建交70周年，“新时代中俄关系”______A. 着力深化利益交融，拉紧共利纽带B.始终互信为基石，筑牢彼此战略依托C.大力促进民心相通，夯实世代友好的民意基础D.更加担当有为，携手维护世界和平

2020考研英语一真题及答案【完整版】！【完形】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案（1-20）1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up【阅读】Section III Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for Zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. "A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a "town of culture" award could [A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as [A] a sensible compromise.[B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-cotching bonus.[D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it [A] endeavours to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present [A] a contrasting case.[B] a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D] a related topic.25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical[B] Objective[C] Favourable[D] Critical答案（21-25）21.D focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.B a self-deceiving attempt.23.D commits to its long-term growth.24.B a supporting example.25.C Favourable.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money, Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the proction of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing instry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers proced in the world, made profits of more than f 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than f 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every pay walled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms; either freely available from the moment of publication,or pay walled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their proct free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around500 to $5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these "article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because [A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.!27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have [A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing instry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? [A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned.[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms [A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] rece the cost of publication substantially.[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D] The few feed on the many.答案（26-30）26.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27.A thrived mainly on university libraries.28.D Encouraged.29.A allow publishers some room to make money.30.D The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are lessthan40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feelgood but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will [A] help little to rece gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the Califormia measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C] It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate [A] the harm from arbitrary board decision. [B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to [A] the underestimation of elite women's role[B] the objection to female participation on boards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women's need in employment should be considered.[B] Feasibility, should be a prime concern in policy making.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.答案（31-35）31.A help little to rece gender bias.32.C It may go against the Constitution.33.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.35.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.Text4 :Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a"GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple, Facebook and Amazon-in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax).Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance, law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union. Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach aconsensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to [A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax [A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that [A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work [A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to in involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy答案（36-40）36.C impose alevy on tech multinationals.37.A may trigger countermeasures against France.38.B the current international tax system needs upgrading39.C is faced with uncertain prospects.40.B France leads the charge on Digital TaxPart B Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fix actions are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated [F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor ring a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact: We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In althood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42. Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer ring a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond ring direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.44. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image. are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45. In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues "Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.答案（41-45）41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signal42.E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43.G Eye contact can also be aggressive44.A Eye fixactions are brief45.D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence ring the 14h century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17h century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored itellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) Before each of their revelations many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking.including the geo-centric view that the Earth was a the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory ring a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress. this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe ring most of 17h century. (49) As many took on the ty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17h and I8h centuries were times of radical change and curiosity, Scientific method,rectionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase' sapere aude' or dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay" An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?".It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.答案（46-50）46.随着教会的教义和思维方式在文艺复兴时期黯然失色，中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合，从而出现了新的及尚未开发的知识领域。47.在每个真理揭示之前，当时的许多思想家都采用了更古老的思维方式，仍旧沿用以前的思维模式，其中包括认为地球是宇宙中心的地球中心说。48.尽管教会试图镇压这-代逻辑学家和理性主义者，但人们对宇宙如何运转的解释却越来越多，并且以-种不容忽视的速度在增加。49.当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时，文艺复兴时代已经结束，并且开启了一个新的时代。50.此类寻求知识和了解已知信息的行为被拉丁语概括为：“sapere aude"即"敢于求知”作文Section ll WritingPart A51. Directions:The students union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest. White a notice in about 100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice. (10 points)小作文：通知留学生唱歌比赛 【参考范文】NoticeDec.21, 2019In order to enrich the campus life and provide the colorful life for you, the Students' Union is preparing the upcoming singing contest, which will be held in the auditorium in our university on the evening of December 31, 2019. Now, the Union is recruiting contestants for this competition.Anyone who are fond of signing or interested in the competition, please send his or her application to students’union@sohu.com before next Wednesday. Besides, there are generous awards in gratitude for this activity. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any queries concerning the singing contest. Meanwhile, volunteers for this activity are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs.We are looking forward to your participation.The Students' UnionPart B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below, In your essay, you should1) Describe the picture briefly,2) Interpret the implied meaning, and3) Give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)大作文：习惯良好的时间管理习惯 【参考范文】Portrayed distinctively by the two cartoons above is an impressive scene: a girl in the left picture is doing homework and saying that early completion is better. Nevertheless, the boy in the right picture is sitting in front of the desk and saying that he will not finish the homework until the last minute.Undoubtedly, the symbolic implication of the pictures is to show us that importance should be attached to the formation of good habits, especially the good habit of time management. On the one hand, efficient time management is critical to personal development. As the old saying goes,“Time is money," and in the fast-paced modern life, it seems that we always have a lot of things to do and we are very busy. In the face of such a situation, we have to realize that efficiency holdsthe key to saving time and time management skills hold the key to personal success. On the other hand, good time management habits play a vital role in the development of the whole society. There is no doubt that, to a large extent, social progress is closely related to the efforts of each indivial. If we can develop the good habit of time management, we are much more likely to improve efficiency and have a better performance in the learning and working process, which is anintegral part of social advances and prosperity.From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that the sense of efficient time management skills is of equal importance in personal and social progress.Therefore,we ought to take advantage of the phenomenon to enlighten the public and the press is expected to take a lead in advertising the value of developing good time management habits. 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