2018考研英语阅读经典试题及答案(17)

新东方在线推荐：2018年考研一次顺利提分课程！！一科不过，全科免费Althoughrecentyearshaveseensubstantialrectionsinnoxiouspollutantsfromindivialmotorvehicles,thenumberofsuchvehicleshasbeensteadilyincreasing.Consequently,morethan100citiesintheUnitedStatesstillhavelevelsofcarbonmonoxide,particulatematter,andozone(generatedbyphotochemicalreactionswithhydrocarbonsfromvehicleexhaust)thatexceedlegallyestablishedlimits.Thereisagrowingrealizationthattheonlyeffectivewaytoachievefurtherrectionsinvehicleemissions—shortofamassiveshiftawayfromtheprivateautomobile—istoreplaceconventionaldieselfuelandgasolinewithcleaner-burningfuelssuchascompressednaturalgas,liquefiedpetroleumgas,ethanol,ormethanol.Allofthesealternativesarecarbon-basedfuelswhosemoleculesaresmallerandsimplerthanthoseofgasoline.Thesemoleculesburnmorecleanlythangasoline,inpartbecausetheyhavefewer,ifany,carbon-carbonbondsandthehydrocarbonstheydoemitarelesslikelytogenerateozone.Thecombustionoflargermolecules,whichhavemultiplecarbon-carbonbondsinvolvesamorecomplexseriesofreactions.Thesereactionsincreasetheprobabilityofincompletecombustionandaremorelikelytoreleaseuncombustedandphotochemicallyactivehydrocarboncompoundsintotheatmosphere.Ontheotherhand,alternativefuelsdohavedrawbacks.Compressednaturalgaswouldrequirethatvehicleshavesetofheavyfueltanks—aseriousliabilityintermsofperformanceandfuelefficiency—andliquefiedpetroleumgasfacesfundamentallimitsonsupply.Ethanolandmethanol,ontheotherhand,haveimportantadvantagesoverothercarbon-basedalternativefuels:theyhavehigherenergycontentpervolumeandwouldrequireminimalchangesintheexistingnetworkfordistributingmotorfuel.Ethanoliscommonlyusedasagasolinesupplement,butitiscurrentlyabouttwiceasexpensiveasmethanol,thelowcostofwhichisoneofitsattractivefeatures.Methanol’smostattractivefeature,however,isthatitcanrecebyabout90percentthevehicleemissionsthatformozone,themostseriousurbanairpollutant.Likeanyalternativefuel,methanolhasitscritics.Yetmuchofthecriticismisbasedontheuseof“gasolineclone”vehiclesthatdonotincorporateeventhesimplestdesignimprovementsthataremadepossiblewiththeuseofmethanol.Itistrue,forexample,thatagivenvolumeofmethanolprovidesonlyaboutone-halfoftheenergythatgasolineanddieselfueldo;otherthingsbeingequal,thefueltankwouldhavetobesomewhatlargerandheavier.However,sincemethanol-fueledvehiclescouldbedesignedtobemuchmoreefficientthan“gasolineclone”vehiclesfueledwithmethanoltheywouldneedcomparativelylessfuel.Vehiclesincorporatingonlythesimplestoftheengineimprovementsthatmethanolmakesfeasiblewouldstillcontributetoanimmediatelesseningofurbanairpollution.1.Theauthorofthetextisprimarilyconcernedwith[A]counteringaflawedargumentthatdismissesapossiblesolutiontoaproblem.[B]reconcilingcontradictorypointsofviewaboutthenatureofaproblem.[C]identifyingthestrengthsofpossiblesolutionstoaproblem.[D]discussingaproblemandarguinginfavorofonesolutiontoit.2.Accordingtothetext,incompletecombustionismorelikelytooccurwithgasolinethanwithanalternativefuelbecause[A]thecombustionofgasolinereleasesphotochemicallyactivehydrocarbons.[B]thecombustionofgasolineembracesanintricatesetofreactions.[C]gasolinemoleculeshaveasimplemolecularstructure.[D]gasolineiscomposedofsmallmolecules.3.Thetextsuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutairpollution?[A]Furtherattemptstoreceemissionsfromgasoline-fueledvehicleswillnothelplowerurbanair-pollutionlevels.[B]Attemptstorecethepollutantsthatanindivialgasoline-fueledvehicleemitshavebeenlargelyunsuccessful.[C]Fewseriousattemptshavebeenmadetorecetheamountofpollutantsemittedbygasoline-fueledvehicles.[D]Pollutantsemittedbygasoline-fueledvehiclesarenotthemostcriticalsourceofurbanairpollution.4.Whichofthefollowingmostcloselyparallelsthesituationdescribedinthefirstsentenceofthetext?[A]Althoughatownrecesitspublicservicesinordertoavoidataxincrease,thetown’staxrateexceedsthatofothertownsinthesurroundingarea.[B]Althoughastatepassesstrictlawstolimitthetypeoftoxicmaterialthatcanbedisposedofinpubliclandfills,illegalmpingcontinuestoincrease.[C]Althoughatown’scitizensrecetheirindivialuseofwater,thetown’swatersuppliescontinuetodwindlebecauseofasteadyincreaseinthetotalpopulatingofthetown.[D]Althoughacountryattemptstoincreasethesaleofdomesticgoodsbyaddingataxtothepriceofimportedgoods,thesaleofimportedgoodswithinthecountrycontinuestoincrease.5.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorofthetextmostlikelyregardsthecriticismofmethanolas[A]flawedbecauseoftheassumptionsonwhichitisbased.[B]inapplicablebecauseofaninconsistencyinthecritics’arguments.[C]misguidedbecauseofitsexclusivelytechnologicalfocus.[D]inaccuratebecauseitignoresconsumers’concerns.

新东方在线推荐：2018年考研一次顺利提分课程！！一科不过，全科免费Thecomplicationsfrequentlyaccompanyingdiabetes,suchasimpai

新东方在线推荐：2018年考研一次顺利提分课程！！一科不过，全科免费Oneofthesimplestandbestknownkindsofcrystalistheionic

新东方在线推荐：2018年考研一次顺利提分课程！！一科不过，全科免费Defendersofspecialprotectivelaborlegislationforwomenoften

新东方在线推荐：2018年考研一次顺利提分课程！！一科不过，全科免费Manyobjectsindailyusehaveclearlybeeninfluencedbyscience

在复试过程中，英语部分的考察是比较关键，也是大家最为担心的。关于英语复试的考察形式、考察内容下文进行的详细的说明。首先，英语复试概况介绍考研复试一般包括英语听力和口语，以及专业课的考核。英语的复试

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