英语考研真题阅读

单词是阅读的基础，所以刷阅读前的预备工作，主要是背单词。背单词的方法，在我的上一篇文章中有介绍。大家根据实际情况适当的参考就可以。但是，背单词的意义并不在于这件事本身，单词只是辅助我们阅读的工具。考研阅读学习分为两大阵营第一大阵营：依靠坚实的基础方法：立足文章。不用解题技巧，依靠长久积累的单词和固定搭配等功底，把整篇英语阅读的意思、观点等理解透彻，从头到尾读完文章后便开始解题。优点：适应性与兼容性强，以不变应万变。缺点：要达到这个境界，训练方法很磨人，很枯燥，很多人坚持不下来。此方法要求对阅读中的生僻词和固定搭配能做到了然于胸，言外之意，前期准备工作会很繁重，同样适合考研开始时间比较早的同学。第二大阵营：依靠解题技巧方法：立足题目。从题目出发，为某些特殊题型配备相应的解题“秘诀”，让你在不理解文章意思的情况下也能将题目做对。优点：确实能提高某些题目的解题速度，从应试的角度来讲，可取。缺点：兼容性差，不是所有题目都适合用技巧。退一步讲，即便适合用技巧，考场上心态是不稳定的，很多人根本无法保持清醒理智的头脑有条不紊地使用技巧去解题。现实很残酷，你可能平时掌握了一大堆花里胡哨的秘诀，但是面对真正的考试时，由于紧张，还是要老老实实地靠平时的基础解题。所以在我看来，花里胡哨的秘诀并没有太大作用，老老实实地背单词才是上策。关于阅读理解题，大家可以去听听网课，推荐唐迟老师和何凯文老师的课，虽然网上有些人对何凯文老师的生活方面评价并不好，但并不影响他的课讲得好，我在复习阅读理解时就是听的何凯文老师的课。他在讲阅读理解时把选择题题型分了好几类，比如单词题，推断题，例证题等等，以及遇到不同的题型需要用哪些方法。这些方法在你前期复习的时候会发挥一定的作用，但是当你积累了大量的单词之后，你可以清楚明了地理解文章大意之后，这些题对你来说都仅仅是选择题而已，此时，这些技巧仅仅起到辅助作用。我在备考时，使用的是张剑的黄皮书，备考的同学普遍用的是这本书。里边包含了从2004年一直到2019年的真题，还有考研大纲要求的5500个词汇，里边没有例句，只有单词和对应的中文意思，薄薄的一本，便于携带，适用于考研中期或后期复习单词。黄皮书的优点是：试题解析详细。每一道题目都有精辟的解题思路点拨，错题排查以及考点提炼。但是太过详细同时也是它的缺点。这本参考书里的文字解析实在太多，会让人担心如果不看完，就会错过点什么。但是要是逐字逐句看，太浪费时间。所以大家不必完完全全一字不落研究中文解析，大家只需要在凭借自己的知识储备无法理解的时候，再去翻看解析，更多时候凭自己的理解是能够领悟的，在这个过程中自己也可以积累到一些解题方法，这有助于你解题能力得到本质上的提高。下面就来谈谈具体时间是如何分配的单词早上背，阅读晚上刷，从04年开始，一天刷两篇阅读，我在做题的时候总是给自己计时，做题之前记下时间，刷完一篇阅读之后再记一下时间，这样做一篇阅读用了多久自己心中就有数了。一篇阅读20分钟左右为宜。有时我在阅读某些文章时居然用了将近半个小时，遇到这种情况，大家就要思考一下原因，究竟是这篇文章中的哪些句子绊住了你。刚开始做阅读理解，你或许会觉得很难，有些文章甚至根本读不懂，但是不要焦虑，做够一定数量之后，20篇左右吧，就会柳暗花明。做完阅读理解后的订正过程是最为重要的一环，因为大家的能力就是在这个环节中提升的。在做题过程中记得做标记。当你遇到不懂的单词和搭配时，或者是让你卡壳的地方，不要犹豫，立刻做上标记，在做完题订正时，重点看这些地方。而且要弄清楚为什么卡壳，是遇到了不认识的单词，还是这句话的结构没理清。订正过后就算结束了吗？不，这还不够，因为即使你前一天把它认认真真理了一遍，几天之后再看仍然会忘记，所以一定一定要做到勤复习，早上背完单词以后，把前一天做过的阅读理解拿出来读一读，把做题时不理解的句子或单词认真读记，把其中你认为比较好的句子背下来，背不下来就读熟，这样对你写作也会有帮助。以上就是我的一些复习方法和复习感想，码字不易，请大家支持一下。祝大家学有所成，一战成研。上天会眷顾每一个努力的人。

考研英语阅读真题精读方法你还不知道吗？请乖巧坐好原创全糖元气喵今天#考研#点击上方蓝字关注我们!不管是四六级还是考研，得阅读者得天下，这句话都是对的，尤其对于考研初试没有英语听力的情况下，阅读理解拿分的重要性更为突显。阅读理解能做好了，其他各方面的能力比如翻译、写作、词汇积累、完型、新题型等都会随之大幅度提升。小肥在基础阶段采用的方法是精读历年真题，用书为《考研圣经》（22考研的还没出，暂时用21版），这是英语二的，英语一要用《考研真相》。真的是句句详解，排班舒适，没有踩雷。每天精读一篇，确实费时间，如果觉得时间不够用可以两天一篇，周一到周五精读，周末复习本周所读篇目。精读细说：1、生词要积累：单独准备一个本子，每天的生词积累在本子里，第二天早起背一遍。2、句子要精细翻译：首先不看答案自己翻译，小肥翻译的步骤是：划分句子结构—理清逻辑关系—填充具体意思。这样翻译需要一定的语法基础，所以建议先看完田静老师讲解的简单句核心构成课再开始，后面的课程可以一边做题一边看。3、每句的语法及各种知识点要全部弄懂4、梳理全文：（1）自己梳理，写纸上，提取全文核心（即取个题目）—把段落根据表达内容划分成几部分—概括每部分及部分下每段的中心意思（并简单标注原文关键词句）（2）看标准答案的梳理，找到和自己梳理的差异点。5、分析题目：小肥宅分析题目完全按照《考研圣经》的答案解析走。可以把每一次干扰项以及不选那些选项的原因归纳整理，整理一段时间就会发现万变不离其宗。今天的分享就到这里啦～，最后送给考研党一张图片，累了坚持不下去的时候可以看一看。本文责任编辑：二二小肥宅图源网络，侵删见识更多技术来公众号 全糖元气喵

考研英语阅读理解部分是4篇阅读，每篇5道题，总分值是40分。那么重要性也是不言而喻的，那么今天环球青藤小编就来给大家说一说考研英语阅读理解部分复习要点，希望能给各位考生带来帮助，祝愿各位考生都能取得满意的成绩。1.注重单词和语法的练习做阅读，考生往往将注意力集中在方法和技巧。打个比喻，单词加语法好比武功的内功，这些方法和技巧是招式。如果一味地学习招式，而忽略了内功，最后还是会走火入魔。因此，考生应该注意阅读的基础练习，包括在语境中记忆单词，看懂长难句。基础阶段主要以02年以前的考题为主。研究生入学考试从86年到02年，是第一个阶段，那是阅读的整体难度不大，基本靠准确定位，读懂原文就能做对大部分的题目，特别有助于学生当基础阶段的练习题。2. 熟悉阅读题型及出题规律考研阅读里的句子都很长很拗口，有时一句话里即使所有单词都认识，也不懂整句话是什么意思。这主要是因为大家不清楚句子的结构，所以碰到长难句的时候，要分析清楚句子结构，先把从句划分出去不管，找出主句来，再把主句里的修饰语划分出去，找到最核心的主语、谓语、宾语。最后再把这些修饰语和从句放进去。这样就能理解这个长句是什么意思了。阅读理解题的出题也是有一些规律的，大致题型就是那几类。做的时候要分清楚它的类型，有针对性地去解答。比如：对于句子理解题，返回原文找到这个句子，将原句的结构、语法、语义都好好分析分析，不仅仅看字面意思，还要看看这句的上下句，有时句子是有喻义的，联系上下文还能很好地明白;对于主旨题，主要是纵观整体，理解文章整体的行文思路，对短文整体理解有一定的概括能力;对于态度题，那就要体会作者的观点、态度，从文中一些细节的词来体会，千万不要搀杂自己的感情色彩。3. 英语复习时间分配考生应该每天至少三个小时放在英语的复习上，如果不考数学，至少应该每天看5个小时英语。三个小时，每天一个小时背单词，一个小时复习语法，一个小时做基础阅读。当然，考生也要根据自己不同的基础，来合理安排时间。4. 阅读量分配一般考生，每天2篇基础阅读是比较合适的量。复习应分为三步：第一步，20分钟内自己先认真把考题做一遍;第二步，把不认识的单词查出来，然后背诵下来，不明白的长难句弄明白。第三步，精翻每一篇文章。这样不仅有助于同学对单词的记忆，和句子的理解，还有助于同学对于篇章理解的把握和翻译的练习。考研英语复习需要的是持之以恒，每天爱它一点点。同时，真题也是最好的材料，多研究真题，再加上平时多训练，一定能轻松过关的。考研英语阅读理解部分复习要点小编就说到这了，更多关于考研考试的报名入口，报名时间，考研成绩查询，报名费用，准考证打印入口及时间等问题，小编会及时更新。希望各位考生都能进入自己的理想院校。希望大家能认真做题，提高应试能力。

市面上的考研英语真题书还挺多的，好多小伙伴抱怨难选，其实比较主流的，用的比较多也就《考研真相》和黄皮书两本，两个差别还是挺大的。我就结合自己的考研经历对比一下两本书，给大家一个参考~《考研真相》和黄皮书共同优点先要说的是这两本考研英语真题书的共同优点。这两本书都是分层装订得，这样子很方便大家携带。同时，都采用了双色印刷，纸质非常好，可看性非常强，如果都是一个颜色印刷真的会越看越烦。都有英汉对照，英文居左，汉语居右，很方便对照查阅，方便把握整体把握文章。翻译给出了试题的来源，英汉对照式的原文和译文。写作的话都给出了不同梯度的作文模板。《考研真相》和黄皮书的不同点这两本考研英语真题书的不同点简直太多了，先说最重要的一点吧！适用人群是有区别的，《考研真相》的适用人群是基础不好的人，而黄皮书则截然相反。下面具体说说区别1.文章讲解详略由于使用人群的不同，这两本书的粗略程度也是有着天壤之别的。《考研真相》里面的讲解很详细，很适合打基础。里面每句话都有图解分析，每个句子的重点单词还会标注，不管是语法还是词汇都能解决，省掉很多差单词书语法书的时间。而黄皮书的话词汇注解相对简单，考生复习还得查阅字典等工具书，句子解析更是粗略，只对部分长难句进行了讲解，基础不好的人肯定不能很好的理顺文章，那么做题肯定答不对。2.答案解析详略《考研真相》的答案解析是总结了一套完整的解题思路，第一种是从题干出发找答案，第二种是从选项出发，回文定位排除干扰项。每一道题都用这样的方法解题，123步骤很清晰，重在学会方法。黄皮书的答案系统性不那么强，先是关键词定位，然后回文找答案，它把找答案跟排除干扰项放在一起说，跟倾向于求证答案而不是找到解题方法。每道题后面会有一个技巧总结的板块，会总结一些解题的小技巧。到底应该如何选择会更好？两本考研英语真题书到底该咋选呢？我说下我自己的考研经历，两本我都用了，用《考研真相》多一点，后期也看了黄皮书。大前提是要根据自己的英语基础去选，我四级考了三次勉强过线，考研的时候词汇量感人，语法也基本还给高中老师。我试着做了一篇考研阅读，一句话就是一段直接给我整懵逼了，别说主从句了，我连主语都找不着。而且我发现，考研文章就没几个短的，所以我看见考研真相每句都讲解，黄皮书只是挑讲长难句的时候，果断买了考研真相。4月到9月开学前，我就用了考研真相。它是每句话图解分析，那我就像它一样，自己先分析，找找主干，梳理下逻辑之类的，然后再对照它的分析看哪里有问题，这样提高还真的挺快的，大概分析10来篇，看见长难句就一点不怵了，我前面补基础都靠这本。解题方面，考研真相的干扰项排除法也挺实用的，学会一招应对所有题，我就喜欢这种简单粗暴好学的方法，明显感觉做题正确率高了。10月份，基础补得差不多，我又用了黄皮书，它里面的语篇分析挺不错的，能更深入地把握文章之间的逻辑关系。总之，基础弱的就用考研真相，有一定基础的可以用黄皮书，根据情况做选择才是最好的。关于考研真相和黄皮书这两本考研英语真题书，我的使用体验就是这样，希望大家可以帮到大家~

建议早点开始。很多人一般是从暑假开始的，其实有点晚，除非你本身基础足够好，或者真题只打算做1-2遍，不然暑假开始根本来不及。刷真题可不是简简单单把题做一遍就完事了！每篇文章、每道题都要精读、精做，刚开始一篇文章精读下来花费3h时间都是非常正常的。一、真题包括哪些年份按照我用的真题书《考研真相》的最新版来说，一般分为3个部分：基础加强版（02-08年），共7年真题。年份比较久远，不管是解题思路还是命题角度都跟现在有很大差距，建议只做阅读和完型部分。以积累单词和语法为主，不必太过纠结准确率。高分突破版（09-15年），共7年真题。题型和命题角度都趋于稳定，需要重点做。所有题型都要做，不光要吃透文章，还要了解命题人的命题套路，总结解题方法。考前冲刺版（16-21年），共6年真题。这部分是最有价值的真题，前3年可以跟高分突破版的一起研究，后3年的留到最后半个月做模拟训练。二、真题阅读的刷题方法第一遍刷什么？主要是梳理文章结构、生词、长难句、语法结构。①第一遍可以不要求速度，但一定要保证5道题的做题时间不要中断。②逐词逐句分析文章，保证每个句子的每个单词都认识，每个句子的语法结构都清楚。前面提到我自己用的是《考研真相》这套真题书，个人非常喜欢它的解析，是一句一句挨着讲的，还是这种图解的方式，语法结构一目了然，基础再弱也能快速理清句子结构，根本不用再上什么网课、看什么语法书，一本逐词逐句的真题书（《考研真相》）就足够了。英二是《考研圣经》，一样地逐词逐句讲。③遇到非常复杂的长难句，可以直接抄在本子上，自己练习拆分，后期也可以复习来看。第二遍刷什么？主要是理解作者的行文思路、总结解题方法。①第二遍可以计时做题，每篇阅读不超过20分钟；②根据每篇文章前面的“篇章结构”关系图（《考研真相》里），理清作者的行文思路，重点把握文章的结构，是总-分，还是分-总，各段之间是什么关系，每一段的中心句、主题句在什么位置等。③慢慢总结解题方法，一般出题顺序跟文章段落顺序是一致的，你得知道怎么抓关键词，如何定位到原文，如何通过选项判定最终答案。第三遍刷什么？主要是摸清命题人的命题套路，总结破题技巧。①越到后期，越要按照时间要求来做。最好把英语复习时间也安排在下午2-5点（考试时间），以便于养成这个时间段做题的感觉。②真题之所以参考价值极大，是因为浓缩了好几代命题人的套路精华，尤其是最近几年的真题。在哪里挖坑，怎么挖的坑，设置了哪些干扰项，都有什么样的规律……这些都要慢慢摸索出来。比如常见的干扰项一般都是无中生有、张冠李戴、夸大或缩小范围、原词拼凑等等。总之，考研英语刷真题越早开始越好、每一遍做到极致最好。

考研英语真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text.Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends,1 those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can 2 a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. 4 , a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen.5 a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, 7 by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and 8 prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, 9 cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and 10 a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the 11 .Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may 12 with them up to a year, 13 they can build a new house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to 14 , but not common. Divorced persons are 15 with some disapproval. Each spouse retains 16 property he or she 17 into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is 18 equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice 19 up: The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry 20 the woman must wait ten months.1.[A]by way of [B]on behalf of [C]as well as [D]with regard to2. [A]adapt to [B]provide for [C]compete with [D]decide on3. [A]close [B]renew [C]arrange [D]postpone4. [A]Above all [B]In theory [C]In time [D]For example5. [A]Although [B]Lest [C]After [D]Unless6. [A]into [B]within [C]from [D]through7. [A]since [B]but [C]or [D]so8. [A]copy [B]test [C]recite [D]create9. [A]folding [B]piling [C]wrapping [D]tying10. [A]passing [B]lighting [C]hiding [D]serving11. [A]meeting [B]collection [C]association [D]union12. [A]grow [B]part [C]deal [D]live13. [A]whereas [B]until [C]if [D]for14. [A]obtain [B]follow [C]challenge [D]avoid15. [A]isolated [B]persuaded [C]viewed [D]exposed16. [A]whatever [B]however [C]whenever [D]wherever17. [A]changed [B]brought [C]shaped [D]pushed18. [A]withdrawn [B]invested [C]donated [D]divided19. [A]breaks [B]warms [C]shows [D]clears20. [A]so that [B]while [C]once [D]in thatSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1France,which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion instry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death—as some have done. It tells the fashion instry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their indivial worth.The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep—and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion instry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion instry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion instry has on body ideals, especially on young people.” The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week, which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular instry.21.According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?[A] Physical beauty would be redefined.[B] New runways would be constructed.[C] Websites about dieting would thrive.[D] The fashion instry would decline.22.The phrase “impinging on” (Line 2,Para 2) is closest in meaning to[A] heightening the value of.[B] indicating the state of.[C] losing faith in.[D] doing harm to.23.Which of the following is true of the fashion instry?[A] The French measures have already failed.[B] New standards are being set in Denmark.[C] Model are no longer under peer pressure.[D] Its inherent problems are getting worse.24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for[A] setting a high age threshold for models.[B] caring too much about models’ character.[C] showing little concern for health factors.[D] pursuing perfect physical conditions.25.Which of the following may be the best title of the text?[A] The Great Threats to the Fashion Instry.[B] Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty.[C] A Dilemma for the Starving Models in France.[D] A Challenge to the Fashion Instry’s Body Ideals.Text 2For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate “the countryside” alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save “the beauty of natural places for everyone forever.” It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience “a refreshing air.” Hill’s pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green belts. They don’t make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it. It needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The Conservatives’ planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation, even authorizing “off-plan” building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent. Only Ukip, sensing its chance, has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Its Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local Consecutive parties.The sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are, in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyd recently identified enough sites for half a million houses in the London are alone, with no intrusion on green bet. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.The idea that “housing crisis” equals “concreted meadows” is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them. Under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas. Why ruin rural ones?Development should be planned, not let rip. After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe’s most crowded country. Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative—the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.26.Britain’s public sentiment about the countryside[A] didn’t start till the Shakespearean age.[B] has brought much benefit to the NHS.[C] is fully backed by the royal family.[D] is not well reflected in politics.27.According to Paragraph 2, the achievements of the National Trust are now be[A] graally destroyed.[B] effectively reinforced.[C] largely overshadowed.[D] properly protected.28.Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3?[A] Labour is under attack for opposing development.[B] The Conservatives may abandon “off-plan” building.[C] The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence.[D] Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation.29.The author holds that George Osborne’s preference[A] highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure.[B] shows his disregard for the character of rural areas.[C] stresses the necessity f easing the housing crisis.[D] reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas.30.In the last paragraph, the author shows his appreciation of[A] the size of population in Britain.[B] the political life in today’s Britain.[C] the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain.[D] the town-and-country planning in Britain.Text 3“There is one and only one social responsibility of businesses,” Wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel prize-winning economist, “That is,to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profit”. But even if you accept Firedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies as waste of shareholders’ money, things may not be absolutely clear-cut. New research suggest the CSR may create monetary value for companies-at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR,according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm.This could add value to their businesses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal” that a company’s procts are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a company’s procts as an indirect way to donate to the good causes it helps.And third, through a more diffuse “halo effect,” whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under America’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company’s procts as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect.The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms’ political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR. “We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for briding foreign officials,” says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they decide their do-gooding policies. But at least they have demonstrated that when companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.31. The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with[A] tolerance[B] skepticism[C] uncertainty[D] approval32.According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by[A] winning trust from consumers.[B] guarding it against malpractices.[C] protecting it from being defamed.[D] raising the quality of its procts.33. The expression “more lenient” (Line 2, Para. 4) is closest in meaning to[A] more effective[B] less controversial[C] less severe[D] more lasting34.When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company’s CSR record[A] has an impact on their decision.[B] comes across as reliable evidence.[C] increases the chance of being penalized.[D] constitutes part of the investigation.35.Which of the following is true of CSR, according to the last paragraph?[A] Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked.[B] The necessary amount of companies’ spending on it is unknown.[C] Companies’ financial capacity for it has been overestimated.[D] It has brought much benefit to the banking instry.Text 4There will eventually come a day when The New York Timesceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. “Sometime in the future，”the paper’s publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside，there’s plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper-printing presses, delivery trucks—isn’t just expensive; it’s excessive at a time when online-only competitors don’t have the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Timesshould’t waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way. “Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them,” he said, “but if you discontinue it, you’re going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you.”Sometimes that’s worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming. “It was seen as a blunder,” he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at the Times?“I wouldn’t pick a year to end print,” he said. “I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy proct.”The most loyal customers would still get the proct they favor, the idea goes, and they’d feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. “So if you’re overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping,” Peretti said. “Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue.” In other words, if you’re going to make a print proct, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it. Which may be what the Timesis doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year—more than twice as mush as a digital-only subscription.“It’s a really hard thing to do and it’s a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn’t have a legacy business,” Peretti remarked. “But we’re going to have questions like that where we have things we’re doing that don’t make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, it’s better to be more aggressive than less aggressive.”36.The New York Times is considering ending its print edition partly e[A] the high cost of operation.[B] the pressure from its investors.[C] the complaints from its readers.[D] the increasing online ad sales.37. Peretti suggests that, in face of the present situation, the Times should[A] seek new sources of readership.[B] end the print edition for good.[C] aim for efficient management.[D] make strategic adjustments.38.It can be inferred from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that a “legacy proct”[A] helps restore the glory of former times.[B] is meant for the most loyal customers.[C] will have the cost of printing reced.[D] expands the popularity of the paper.39.Peretti believes that, in a changing world.[A] legacy businesses are becoming outdated.[B] cautiousness facilitates problem-solving.[C] aggressiveness better meets challenges.[D] traditional luxuries can stay unaffected.40.Which of the following would be the best title of the text?[A] Shift to Online Newspapers All at Once[B] Cherish the Newspaper Still in Your Hand[C] Make Your Print Newspaper a Luxury Good[D] Keep Your Newspapers Forever in FashionPart BDirections: Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the A-G for each of the numbered paragraph (41-45). There are two extra subheadings. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)[A] Create a new image of yourself[B] Have confidence in yourself[C] Decide if the time is right[D] Understood the context[E] Work with professionals[F] Make it efficient[G] Know your goalsNo matter how formal or informal the work environment, the way you present yourself has an impact. This is especially true in first impressions. According to research from Princeton University, people assess your competence, trustworthiness, and like ability in just a tenth of a second, solely based on the way you look.The difference between today’s workplace and the “dress for success” era is that the range of options is so much broader, Norms have evolved and fragmented. In some settings, red sneakers or dress T-shirts can convey status; in others not so much. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like decade or two ago. Millennials, it seems, face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding. It can be confusing.So how do we navigate this? How do we know when to invest in an upgrade? And what’s the best way to pull off one that enhances our goals? Here are some tips:As an executive coach, I’ve seen image upgrades be particularly helpful ring transitions-- when looking for a new job, stepping into a new or more public role, or changing work environments. If you’re in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time. If you’re not sure, ask for honest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues, and professionals. Look for cues about how others perceive you. Maybe there’s no need for an upgrade and that’s OK.Get clear on what impact you’re hoping to have . Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it?For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modern and stylish. For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look more “SoHo.” (It’s OK to use characterizations like that.)Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your environment? What convey status? Who are your most important audiences? How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves? The better you understand the cultural context, the more control you can have over your impact.Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context. Hire a personal stylist, or use the free styling service of a store like J.Crew. Try a hair stylist instead of a barber. Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse or friend. It’s not as expensive as you might think.The point of a style upgrade isn’t to become more vain or to spend more time fussing over what to wear. Instead, use it as an opportunity to rece decision fatigue . Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to options. Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, one article of clothing at a time.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Mental health is our birthright. (46)We don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy; it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone.Mental health can’t be learned, only reawakened. It is like the immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition of exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. When we don’t understand the value of mental health and we don’t know how to gain access to it, mental health will remain hidden from us, (47)Our mental health doesn’t really go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem—confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense. It allows us to have perspective on our lives—the ability to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things will work out. It’s a from of innate or unlearned optimism. (48)Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness of they are in pain, and with unconditional love no matter who they are. Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful, managing our home life, or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patience for ourselves and toward others as well as patience while driving, catching a fish, working on our car, or raising a child. It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature, in culture, in the flow of our daily lives.(49)Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfectly ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions.It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong, good from bad, friend from foe. Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or the inner voice. We think of it simply as a healthy and helpful flow of intelligent thought. (50)As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.Section III WritingDirections:Write an essay of 160~200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题答案详解（完整版）Section I Use of English1、【答案】B as well as【解析】根据空格所在句子的内容可以判断，"择偶涉及男方的亲朋好友，_____女方的亲朋好友"显然前后是并列关系，选项中只有B选项as well as 表示并列关系。其他选项意思与原文内容不符。2、【答案】D decide on【解析】根据选项得知空格处需要填谓语动词，空格后面的宾语是"…配偶"，所以根据动宾搭配的原则，D选项 decide on可以与后面的宾语，构成通顺语义：选择配偶。所以D项正确。3、【答案】C arrange【解析】此题考查的仍是动宾搭配，空格处后面的内容the marriage negotiation，只能与选项C arrange构成通顺语义，"安排…磋商"，故选C。4、【答案】A In theory【解析】根据空格后面的内容，得知女孩可能会否定她的父母为其所选的配偶；句中的may 表示的是一种可能性。所以，与原文句子内容表达一致的，只有A选项 in theory。5、【答案】C after【解析】空格处所在的句子是现在完成时，逗号后面的内容是一般现在时，所以根据时态判断，前后内容存在时间上的先后性，所以C选项after正确。6、【答案】A into【解析】原文：each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying _______ a good family. 每个家庭调查另一个家庭，确保孩子娶或嫁到一个好家庭。此处需要填入一个介词，嫁入另一个家庭，介词选择into最合适。故选A。7、【答案】C but【解析】若要判断此空的答案，需要看到前后文的具体含义和逻辑关系。空格上半句说：原来传统婚礼持续三天，后半句说：到20世纪80年代婚礼通常持续1天半，显然前后文形成了对比，故选C。8、【答案】C recite【解析】原文：Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and______ prayers of blessing.佛教神职人员提供一个简短的布道和__________祈祷祝福。四个选项中只有recite prayers为其固定搭配，意为"诵经"。故选C。9、【答案】D tying【解析】原文：________ cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride's and groom's wrists, 把浸泡在圣水中的棉线______在新娘和新郎的手腕。A folding 折叠； B piling 堆积；C wrapping 包裹；以上三项均不符合文意，故选D项tying，绑，系。10、【答案】B passing【解析】原文： around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the union.在一圈婚姻幸福美满和德高望重的情侣中_________一根蜡烛来祝福他们。根据语境，A lighting，点亮，C hiding隐藏，D serving 服务;均不合适，只能选B passing 传递。故选B。11、【答案】D union【解析】该句讲到：围坐在新婚夫妇身边祝福他们的____. 根据语境可知应填入团聚的含义，四个选项中union可以表示团聚之意， 为正确答案meeting会议、会面，association联合、联盟，collection收集、集合，均不符合语境。12、【答案】 D live【解析】该句意思是：传统意义上讲新婚夫妇搬去新娘的父母家，并和他们______长达一年之久。前文讲到新婚夫妇搬去新娘的父母家，后文应保持一致性，"和他们生活在一起"故为答案live (with) 与……生活在一起，grow成长，part (with)表分离，反向干扰，deal (with) 处理、应对，不符合题意，故live为正确答案13、【答案】 B until【解析】该句意思是：新婚夫妇搬去新娘的父母家，并和他们______长达一年之久，______他们能够在附近建造新房。空格需要填入逻辑连接词，前后为时间先后关系，故代入until，语义合理，"直到他们造新房之前都住在新娘父母家"。前后文无转折，可排除whereas然而。for表原因，if表条件，代入均不合理。因此答案为until。14、【答案】 A obtain【解析】该句意思是：离婚是合法的并容易______，但并不普遍。填入词应与legal感情色彩一致，故排除avoid（避免）及challenge（挑战，质疑），而follow（跟随）一词通常不与divorce搭配。选项obtain代入语境中，obtain a divorce可以表示获得离婚，搭配合理，语义通顺，为正确答案。15、【答案】C viewed【解析】该句意思是：人们______离婚的人是反对的。此处需填入动作，isolated隔离，persuaded劝说，viewed看待、视为，exposed暴露、揭露。代入文中viewed是最合理的，人们看待离婚的人持反对态度的。因此答案为viewed。16、【答案】D whatever【解析】此处空前有动词retain， 因此需要填入一个连词引导宾语从句， 并且与property搭配，共同充当从句中的宾语。因此排除A选项wherever"无论何地"和C选项whenever"无论何时"。B 选项"however"，作"但是"解，与句意不服， 作"无论多么"理解， 后面常跟形容词，而非名词。 而whatever 与property搭配，可以充当宾语从句的宾语，表示"一切财产"，因此选项D为正确答案。17、【答案】B brought【解析】此处需要填入一个动词，能和property 形成动宾搭配。A选项changed意为"改变"， B选项brought意为"带来"，C选项shaped意为"形成"，D选项pushed意为"推搡"。因此符合文意，能够和财产搭配的只能是选项B。18、【答案】A divided【解析】空格处是一个被动语态， 此处仍然需要填入一个与jointly-acquired property（共同获得的财产）形成动宾搭配的动词。A 选项divided"分割"，不B选项invested"投资"，C选项donated"捐赠"，D选项withdrawn"取钱；撤走资金"，均能和jointly-acquired property构成动宾搭配，但是此处的情境是讨论离婚时的行为， 因此A选项为正确选项。19、【答案】C shows【解析】此处考察固定词组。 A选项clear up意为"（天空）放晴；治疗；处理；解释"，B选项warm up意为"使变热；（使）更活跃"，C选项show up意为"显现，出现"，D选项break up意为"结束；使破碎"。后文提到离婚后，男士可以立即重婚， 而女士必须要等十个月，可知符合文意，并且能够和"性别歧视"搭配的只能是选项C。20、【答案】A while【解析】此处考察上下文的逻辑关系。上文指出，离婚男士在他再婚前没有一个等候期，空格后提到"女性必须要等待10个月"，显然，这二者之间不是因果关系，因此排除B选项 so that"所以"和D选项in that"因为"，也不是C选项once"一旦"所表达的条件关系，因此正确答案为A选项。Section II Reading ComprehensionPart AText 121、【答案】[A] physical beauty would be redefined【解析】推断题。根据题干first paragraph定位第一段，其中第一句France ,which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion instry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman.以作为全球时尚创新者为荣的法国承认已经失去定义女性形体美的绝对权利，说明法国以前制定的形体美的标准已不再适用，现在需要做出改变，故A选项为正确答案。22、【答案】[D] doing harm to【解析】词义题。根据题干关键词"impinging on"(line2, para2)，定位到第二段的第二句"They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health."（他们认为美女不应该以…健康的外表来界定）。该句承接本段第一句"Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives."其中，Such measures指代的正是第一段中阐述的"雇佣过瘦(excessive thinness)的模特会犯罪的法律规定"，且excessive一词表明了情感色彩是贬义的。因此，推断出impinging on对health是"有害的、不利的"，故选[D] doing harm to。23、【答案】[B] New standards are being set in Danmark【解析】细节题。根据题干关键词定位在原文第五段。由该段第二句可知，丹麦等国正在制定模特的标准。与选项[B]丹麦正在制定新的标准相符合，故正确。24、【答案】[C] showing little concern for health factors【解析】推理题。题干问的是"设计师似乎被CFW拒绝的原因"。根据题干关键词，回文定位到倒数第二段，其中指出"…enforcement is to deny access for designers…"，意思是"法案拒绝设计师进入CFW，它是由丹麦时装学院创办的。"，再根据该段前两句可知，丹麦时尚界同意关于模特的年纪，健康以及其他特点的法规和制裁，也就是说，丹麦时装学院不再只关注身材，也关注健康。而设计师一般都是以瘦为美，而忽视健康。综上所述，设计师被拒绝的原因是不考虑健康因素，故选[C] showing little concern for health factors。25、【答案】[A] A challenge to the Fashion Instry's Body Ideals【解析】主旨题。首段指出法律要求时尚界不能用过瘦的模特，接下来的段落重点说明时尚界的模特同时还需考虑年纪，健康以及其他方面的因素等。因此这篇文章的中心是围绕对时尚界理想体型观点的挑战，故[A] A challenge to the Fashion Instry's Body Ideals正确。Text 226、【答案】A is not reflected in politics【解析】事实细节题。根据题干"英国大众对于乡村的观点"，可定位于文章的第一段。从文章第一段的后半段能得出：英国人民在民意调查中将"乡村"和王室、莎士比亚以及英国国民保健制度并列选为英国让他们最为自豪的四个方面，但是这种观点得到的政治支持却极为有限。A选项"is not well reflected in politics"在政治中没有得到很好的体现是对原文意思的同义替换，故选A。27、【答案】D graally destroyed【解析】事实细节题。根据题干很明确能回文定位到文章第二段。该段通过第一句的"a century ago"和后面的"later"可知是在做古今对比。题干中问的是"now"，所以重点锁定在对比中的后半部分，而这部分中"They don't make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it."一句表明现在的National Trust已背离了它原始的初衷，它之前的那些成就已经消失了。D选项 graally destroyed正是对这一意思的表述，故选D。28、【答案】C Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation【解析】推理判断题。回文定位到第三段，该段主要讲了各大党派对于这个观点（及第一段中提到的观点）的态度：基本都不赞同。最后一部分"only Ukip, sensing its chance, has sided with those pledging for a considered approach to using green land"该句说明只有Ukip这个党派是赞同这个观点，要保护乡村的。C选项正是对原文的同义置换，故选C。29、【答案】D reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas【解析】本题属于观点态度题，根据George Osborne 可以定位到文中第五段。文中提到George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. 后面一句还提到He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. 通过这两句话可以看出GO是比较喜欢rural的，而通过两个against 则可以看出对urban areas的prejudice. 故选择D reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas30、【答案】C the town-and-country planning Britain【解析】本题属于观点态度题，根据最后一段第一句话可以确定本段的中心是第一句Development should be planned, not let trip, 说明发展是要有计划的，不能任其自由发展。然后再具体讲Britain经过半个世纪the town-and-country planning有计划的发展，取得了很好的成效。故选择C the town-and-country planning Britain.Text 331、【答案】A uncertainty【解析】态度题。根据题干中的关键词Milton Friedman, CSR 可以定位到第一段开头处，米尔顿·弗里德曼认为："企业有且只有一种责任，为增加利润而运用资源，开展活动"。紧接着文章转折并提出"things may not be absolutely clear-cut". 情况并不明确。由此推知，作者对此的态度是uncertainty. A选项是clear-cut的同意置换。选项B skepticism怀疑和选项C. tolerance宽容，都无从得知，选项D. approval 支持，属反项干扰，故答案选A.32、【答案】D. winning trust from consumers.【解析】细节题。根据第二段，以及题干中的关键词CSR，定位文章二段内容，公司花大笔资金在CSR上面，其结果就是"this could add value to their business in three ways", "以三种方式分别给公司带来价值"。紧接着文章分别阐述三种方式，得出正确答案为D. CSR是通过赢得顾客的信任从而帮助公司获益。33、【答案】D less severe【解析】词义题。根据题干回文定位到第四段第一句。通过该段第二句的描述可以得知CSR和政治影响是对立的两个因素。而第二句冒号后面交代，参与政治活动较多的公司不会受到较低的罚款。这就意味着，反而具有全面的CSR项目的公司受到的罚款比较低。因此，结合选项可以推出第一句话中的more lenient penalties指less severe，即不那么严重的（宽大）的惩罚。因此正确答案为D。34、【答案】B has an impact on their decision【解析】细节题。根据题干中的prosecutors evaluate a case回文定位到第五段第二句。该句指出虽然检察官在评估一个案件时，应该基于其功绩，实际上还是受到了公司CSR记录的影响。故正确答案为选项B。题干中的a company's CSR record是原文信息的复现，选项中的has an impact是原文be influenced的同义替换，their decision具体指检察官的评估决定。35、【答案】A The necessary amount of companies spending on it is unknown【解析】细节题。根据题干回文定位到最后一段。该段首句指出，研究者们承认他们的研究没有解决的问题是：针对CSR各大企业到底该支出多少费用。故正确答案为选项A，其中the necessary amount of companies spending on it（it指代CRS）是原文how much businesses ought to spend on CRS的同义替换，表达的核心都是"公司到底该支出多少费用"；unknown对应原文中的does not answer the question，对这个问题并没有做出回答。Text 436、【答案】[D] the high cost of operation【解析】从题干提取关键词ending和e to 定位到第二段主题句中的 incentive to ditch the print (放弃印刷的原因)。随后解释了infrastructure isn't just expensive （设备不仅仅是昂贵）。此外，该段还对比对手电子图书：don't have the same set of financial constraints（经济限制）。因此可以确定答案D： the high cost of operation 高昂的运营费用。选项A. The increasing online ad sales网络广告收入日益增加。该选项与该段 "And though print ad sales continue to dwarf their online and mobile counterparts"相违背。选项B. the pressure from its investors来自投资者的压力。该选项属于无中生有；选项C. the complaints from its readers读者的抱怨。同样是无中生有选项。37、【答案】[A] make strategic adjustments【解析】首先根据Peretti suggests定位到阐述Peretti观点的第四段第一句：Peretti says the Times shouldn't waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way.可以确定答案A. make strategic adjustments进行战略调整。选项B. end the print edition for good永远结束印刷版本。该选项和shouldn't不符。选项C. seek new sources of readership挖掘更多读者。文章中未提到。选项D. aim for efficient management提高管理效率。文章中未提到。38、【答案】[B] is meant for the most loyal customers【解析】本题答案定位到第6段第1句"The most loyal customers would still get the proct they favor"以及"make it for the people who are already obsessed with it"。其他选项"会降低报纸成本""有助于恢复报纸以前的辉煌""有助于报纸的流行和普及"这些信息文中均未提及。39、【答案】[C] aggressiveness better meets challenges【解析】根据题干中的"in a changing world"定位到文章最后一段最后一句. 原文说当市场和世界形势发生变化时，我们所做的事情就毫无意义了。在这种情形下，"more aggressive（积极进取）is better", 和答案中的关键信息"aggressiveness better"相呼应。其他选项意思原文中均未提及。40、【答案】[D] Make Your Print Newspaper a Luxury Good【解析】本文主要是讲述报纸行业为防止被淘汰的而需要做出的应对之策。根据文中第5段最后一句的"raise prices, and make it into more of a legacy proct"以及第6段中"increase it at a higher rate each year..."可得知，应该不应该立即取消或淘汰报纸行业，而应该把它变成一种更像文化遗产的一种产品，并且要不断提高报纸的价格，变成一种奢侈品。Part B41、【答案】B （Decide if the time is right）【解析】该段中出现了表示时间的词汇和短语：ring transitions; in a period of , time。在不同的时间段，作者给出了不同的策略。浏览小标题发现，只有选项B出现了表示时间的词汇。再次回看原文，本段第二句中的good与小标题中的right也恰好对应，因此确定正确答案为B选项。42、【答案】G （Know your goals）【解析】该段首句提到"弄清楚你希望达到的效果"，然后以问句形式提出段落主题，接着分两个方面来阐述：目标不同，要求不同。本段第一句话中的"get clear"与小标题中的"know"属于同义表达，并且本段第三句话中the goal 与小标题中的goal完全对应，因此正确答案为G选项。43、【答案】D （Understand the context）【解析】该段第一句话提到"要像人类学家一样来考虑你的工作环境"，接着给出了几个排比的问句，都是针对工作环境的具体细节的发问。最重要的是在结尾部分，作者总结评论道，"The better you …, the more control you …"，意为"对文化背景理解得越好，对自己的影响力就有越好的控制"。很明显，这句话凸显了context的重要性，而且出现了关键词的复现understand和context。因此，答案选D选项。44、【答案】E （Work with professionals）【解析】本段按照总分的形式安排，并且在首句给出两处关键词professionals 和 share with，即"支持专家的意见，并且与其分享个人的目标"。下文是举例论述，例如去找私人造型师而不是理发师等。紧接着下文就给出 "work with a professional photographer"让专业人士拍照片而不是自己的朋友或者是配偶。因此可以得出结论本段是围绕专业人士professionals 的重要性来展开的。故选择 Work with professionals.45、【答案】F （Make it efficient）【解析】该段落主题句出现在转折之后，即"Instead, use it as an opportunity to rece decision fatigue."，其中it指代上一句中style upgrade。通过前后两句话对比指出目的是利用style upgrade作为机会来rece decision fatigue（减少决定疲乏），从而来提高办事效率。后两句话作为论据进一步论证这一观点，因此答案选F选项。Section III Translation46、【题目考点】宾语从句，被动语态【句子结构】分号连接两个句子：第一个句子主干为we don't have to learn，how引导宾语从句作learn的宾语，其中how表示方式；第二个句子主干为it is built into us，其中代词it指代前句提及的mental health；in the same way表示方式，that引导定语从句，其中又嵌套了how引导的宾语从句，作know的宾语。【重点词汇】build sth. into sth.：使成为……的组成部分；heal：治愈；mend：修理，痊愈，愈合。【参考译文】我们不必一定去学习如何做到心理健康，这种能力植根于我们自身，就像我们的身体知道如何愈合伤口，如何修复断骨。47、【题目考点】被动语态，并列结构【句子结构】分号连接两个句子：第一个句子为主谓结构的简单句；第二个句子为but连接的两个并列分句，表达转折关系，主干为it can be hidden, but it is capable of being restored，其中介词短语like the sun behind a cloud表示比喻。【重点词汇】temporarily：暂时地；hide：隐藏，藏匿；be capable of：能够；restore：复原，恢复；in an instant：立刻，立即。【参考译文】心理健康不会去往他方。如同乌云可能蔽日，心理健康可能会暂时隐藏于视线之外，但它完全可以在须臾之间复原如初。48、【题目考点】条件状语从句，并列结构，让步状语从句，介词短语【句子结构】本句主干为：mental health allows us to view others…，三个并列的介词短语with..表示伴随。其中分别嵌套了if引导的两个条件状语从句和no matter who引导的让步状语从句。【重点词汇】sympathy：同情；unconditional：无条件的，绝对的，无限制的。【参考译文】心理健康使我们在他人陷入危难之时给予同情，痛苦不已时给予善意，无论对谁，都能给予无条件的爱。49、【题目考点】让步状语从句，原因状语从句，宾语从句【句子结构】 句子主干是it is perfectly ordinary。it指代前文提及的mental health；although引导让步状语从句，其主干为mental health is the cure-all。as引导原因状语从句，其主干为you will see；that引导从句做see的宾语，其主干为it has been there to direct you【重点词汇】cure-all：合成名词，万灵药；perfectly：完全地，指程度；see：领会，理解。【参考译文】尽管心理健康是人们度过一生的一剂万能良药，但它又普通不已，因为当你需要做出艰难决定时，都可感受到它的存在。50、【题目考点】非限定性定语从句，动名词结构，宾语从句【句子结构】句子主干是knowing that…and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily。两个动名词结构knowing…并列作主句的主语，其中that引导的宾语从句作knowing的宾语。句首的as引导非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句，翻译时可以处理为"就像…，正如…"。【重点词汇】available：可获得的，可用的。【参考译文】就像你会渐渐明白，深悉心理健康一直触手可得并且值得信任，使我们能放慢生活脚步，活在当下，幸福生活。Section IV Writing51、【参考范文】NoticeFor better serving the international students, a notice is released here to provide the necessary information about the library.The university library opens at 8 a.m. and closes at 10 p.m. from Monday to Friday, but from 9 a.m. to 9 p.m. on weekends. If you need to borrow books, please follow the following steps. First, bring your student card and register first at the librarian's office. At most six books can be borrowed once from the library. You should keep in mind the days that you can keep the book(s) you borrow. Three months is the longest period. If you exceed the limited time, some fines should be paid.If you have any questions or suggestions about borrowing or returning books, telephone 010-8248119 or send an email to university@163.com. We sincerely hope you all enjoy the study and life in our university.University LibraryDecember 26, 201552、【参考范文】The above two pictures reveal two father's different teaching methods. In the first picture, the father is urging his son to study hard while he is smoking and watching TV idly. In the second picture, the father and his son are both concentrating on the study. The caption under the cartoon reads: "It is better to set an example than to make demands".Apparently, the author of the cartoon focuses on a fact that many parents when ecating their children tend to neglect the impact of their own acts upon their children. It is without any doubt that all parents hope that their children could have a bright future. Therefore, they tend to count on schools and the society to provide their kids with a good ecation. However, what they don't realize is that parents are the first teachers of children. Parents failing to set a role model for their children will only result in an unhealthy family atmosphere, which is definitely harmful to the future development of their children.From my perspective, ecation from parents is of vital importance to a child's healthy growth. Therefore, parents should provide their children with a favorable growing environment by being a positive role model. Only through persistent efforts and proper guidance can children enjoy a bright future.

大家好！我是”向上好青年“！我们知道在考研复习过程中，除了专业课作为重中之重复习之外！考研英语一直都是各届考生一块难啃的硬骨头！有幸结识一位20届考生，在经过自己不断努力之后，最终考研英语一取得80+的成绩，其中阅读拿到满分，且被清华大学商务英语专业录取！那么，英语学霸都是怎么学习的呢？在考研复习英语中我们常说这么一句话：”得阅读者得天下“！无可厚非，阅读占了英语考试中的大部分江山！分值和篇幅占比最大的就是阅读，涵盖传统阅读和新题型两大类！以学硕初试英语一为例：英语包括 5500 大纲单词、630 超纲单词、320余个固定搭配、26 个语法单元、96 种语法结构与长难句型、35 项完形填空重点规则、31 种传统阅读和新型阅读解析技巧、220 个阅读背景模块、16 种英翻汉技巧和 18 种作文创作模板。很多考生在做阅读的时候都有一个误区，就是非要去把文章读懂才去做题，但事实上这样的做法很浪费时间！而且，成效甚微！我们要切记！阅读的目的是迅速捕捉与题干问题相关的信息，而不是掌握全文的细节内容！因此！针对不同题干问题，我们都应该对症下药！通过分析历年考研阅读里面大都有哪些类型，整理出来了10种类型！我们一起分类解题吗，搞清思路！找出解药！受文章篇幅有限，只做部分截取。在英语复习中，想必每位研友都会说很多关于真题的作用！吃透真题对英语复习来说至关重要！我们整理了近十年考研英语真题以及10阅读题型解题方法！如有需要欢迎后台私信备注“英语”，即可免费领取电子版资料！我是向上好青年！带你考上研！

一、2021考研英语一阅读取材范围2020届命题组与上一届命题组北京大学王继辉教授团队命题特点截然不同，基本上摒弃所谓英美主流媒体选材范围，除了一篇来自于《纽约时报》，其他均出自非主流，其中英国《卫报》出了二篇，另外一篇选自《波士顿环球报》，这是考研英语一历史上绝无仅有的，说明官方对其内容，文章质量是认可的；但选材范围可能需要范围大一些，英式英语中，英国广播公司BBC毫无疑问是一个重要来源【虽然由于众所周知的原因，考研英语一不可能采用它的文章，但并不妨碍从中获取英语一阅读取材范】，下面展示从BBC获取相关内容的方法：BBC和考研英语一相关板块有：business，Science，Family & Ecation，Health等，其中business毫无疑问是重点，点击展开次级菜单有Economy，然后打开如上界面，往下拉有最新更新Latest Updates，查询与考研英语一取材范围【搜索已发内容】及有效时间段：2020年12月至2021年9月相符合内容，经过筛选，下面是一篇符合标准的文章【文章按照句子划分，有利于分析研究】：2021年一月29日发表Watchdogs in the US and UK said they were monitoring activity and potential lawbreaking, and warned traders they risked facing huge losses.Traders should ensure they are familiar with all rules, "including market abuse", the UK's regulator said.GameStop is the focus of a trading war between amateurs and Wall Street pros.Shares in the US bricks-and-mortar video games retailer surged again on Friday, ending 68% higher. Another stock in the traders' sights, AMC Entertainment, jumped 54%.That bucked broader market trends, which saw all three main US indexes fall roughly 2%. For the week they were down more than 3% - the biggest weekly decline since October.Some share trading firms temporarily halted dealings on Thursday amid extreme volatility in GameStop, which has soared as much as 700% in the past week. AMC Entertainment and Blackberry, which have also seen huge trading activity, were among the other companies also hit by the restrictions.UK traders have also been sharing their thoughts and tips on trading chat forums amid mounting concerns about misinformation and share ramping.London-listed companies have also been the focus of social media attention, including publisher Pearson and cinema operator Cineworld, although the share price movements were minimal compared with the GameStop surge.In the US, the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) warned against illegal "manipulative trading activity".The regulator added: "Our core market infrastructure has proven resilient under the weight of this week's extraordinary trading volumes."Nevertheless, extreme stock price volatility has the potential to expose investors to rapid and severe losses and undermine market confidence."The SEC also said it would review actions that could "unly inhibit" and "disadvantage investors".The war between amateur private investors and heavyweight firms like hedge funds centres on so-called short selling. Over recent months, hedge funds had made big bets that shares in loss-making GameStop would fall.But an army of private investors, swapping tips on social media, spotted a chance for a buying frenzy that would push up the price and "squeeze" the hedge fund short sellers.Many private traders made profits - and losses - along the way, but their actions also dealt a big financial blow to hedge funds that spent billions of dollars gambling GameStop's shares would tumble.The decision on Thursday by several brokerages to halt purchases of shares in Gamestop and some other firms sparked outrage among investors, who accused the companies of working on behalf of traditional Wall Street investors who were losing out to the army of amateurs. Some disgruntled investors said they were preparing legal action.Investor anger over their temporary ban from trading spread beyond the investment community, with rappers and US politicians on both sides of the Washington divide joining the backlash against Wall Street.虽然考研英语一不可能采用BBC的文章，但并不妨碍从中获取英语一阅读取材范，因为英式文章风格大同小异，特点之一就是比较好出题，里面“坑”是比较多的；通过这一篇文章，可以了解一些相对专业的术语，比如对冲基金，做空，逼空，止损等，这些对于即将参加考研中国知识精英来说，并不算专业知识。下面是和文章相关背景知识，有助于了解本文。Key to what's going on is "short selling" or "shorting", where a big investment firm such as a hedge fund tries to make money by betting that a company's share price will fall.The hedge fund borrows shares in a company from other investors (for a fee) and sells the shares on the markets at, for example, $10 each, waits until they fall to $5, and buys them back. The borrowed shares are returned to the original owner, and the hedge fund pockets a profit.GameStop - which saw heavy losses last year and was described as "failing" by one big investor - is the most shorted stock on Wall Street.But in the last week, amateur investors who follow the Wall Street Bets forum on Reddit have poured money into buying the company's stock with the aim of pushing up the price.If the price rises dramatically, short sellers face big losses and they need to buy back the shares they have borrowed quickly to prevent bigger losses - a process known as covering.However, buying back the shares only adds to demand for the stock and pushes its price higher still.如果能在英国《卫报》查询相关文章，尤其是《社论》或者《观点》栏目，会对文章理解能力提升起到事半功倍的，养成阅读英文不同文字表达近似内容的习惯是解决考研命题组“坑”行之有效的方法。

做阅读前，首先要明确阅读考什么？考生应能：①理解主旨要义和具体信息；②理解文中的概念性含义，进行有关的判断、推理和引申；③根据上下文推测生词的词义，理解文章的总体结构以及上下文之间的关系；④理解作者的意图、观点，区分论点和论据。这是全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语考试的大纲说简单点就是能找到主旨、文章的论题和证据，以及能结合上下文语境推测生词词义，作者写这篇文章的目的（想要做什么、或者证明什么）搞清楚这几点，阅读也就那么回事。阅读不得其法的同学可以了解下唐叔的方法，很有用。下面简单说一下我根据唐叔课程写的一篇阅读理解方法总结阅读的本质及其特点阅读的本质是逻辑反复强调的是重点，重点即是考点考研阅读理解的答案不是选出来的，而是用排除法比较出来的（当有多个选项符合题意，择优选取）阅读的步骤：1、先看问题再看文章，看问题只看题干，不看选项，避免选项干扰，然后寻找文章主旨2、带着文章主旨，阅读全文3、匹配问题及题型对应的解决方法做阅读需要注意的几点：1、定位词：A、 大写、人名、地名、时间、年代、数字B、 名词、形容词C、 题干中有唯一性的词2、错误选项的特征：正反混淆偷换概念答非所问（选项符合原文却和所以问题联系较浅）、过分绝对（must、never、all、no）、非最佳答案、常识判断过度推理正确选项特征：同义改写；正话反说，反话正说与中心密切相关，符合文章主旨语气缓和：some、may、partly、might抽象概括