2020考研英语一真题及答案【完整版】!【完形】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案(1-20)1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up【阅读】Section III Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for Zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. "A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a "town of culture" award could [A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as [A] a sensible compromise.[B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-cotching bonus.[D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it [A] endeavours to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present [A] a contrasting case.[B] a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D] a related topic.25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical[B] Objective[C] Favourable[D] Critical答案(21-25)21.D focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.B a self-deceiving attempt.23.D commits to its long-term growth.24.B a supporting example.25.C Favourable.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money, Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the proction of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing instry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers proced in the world, made profits of more than f 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than f 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every pay walled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms; either freely available from the moment of publication,or pay walled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their proct free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around500 to $5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these "article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because [A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.!27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have [A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing instry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? [A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned.[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms [A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] rece the cost of publication substantially.[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D] The few feed on the many.答案(26-30)26.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27.A thrived mainly on university libraries.28.D Encouraged.29.A allow publishers some room to make money.30.D The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are lessthan40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feelgood but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will [A] help little to rece gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the Califormia measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C] It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate [A] the harm from arbitrary board decision. [B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to [A] the underestimation of elite women's role[B] the objection to female participation on boards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women's need in employment should be considered.[B] Feasibility, should be a prime concern in policy making.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.答案(31-35)31.A help little to rece gender bias.32.C It may go against the Constitution.33.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.35.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.Text4 :Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a"GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple, Facebook and Amazon-in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax).Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance, law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union. Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach aconsensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to [A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax [A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that [A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work [A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to in involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy答案(36-40)36.C impose alevy on tech multinationals.37.A may trigger countermeasures against France.38.B the current international tax system needs upgrading39.C is faced with uncertain prospects.40.B France leads the charge on Digital TaxPart B Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fix actions are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated [F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor ring a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact: We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In althood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42. Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer ring a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond ring direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.44. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image. are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45. In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues "Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.答案(41-45)41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signal42.E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43.G Eye contact can also be aggressive44.A Eye fixactions are brief45.D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence ring the 14h century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17h century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored itellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) Before each of their revelations many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking.including the geo-centric view that the Earth was a the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory ring a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress. this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe ring most of 17h century. (49) As many took on the ty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17h and I8h centuries were times of radical change and curiosity, Scientific method,rectionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase' sapere aude' or dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay" An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?".It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.答案(46-50)46.随着教会的教义和思维方式在文艺复兴时期黯然失色,中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合,从而出现了新的及尚未开发的知识领域。47.在每个真理揭示之前,当时的许多思想家都采用了更古老的思维方式,仍旧沿用以前的思维模式,其中包括认为地球是宇宙中心的地球中心说。48.尽管教会试图镇压这-代逻辑学家和理性主义者,但人们对宇宙如何运转的解释却越来越多,并且以-种不容忽视的速度在增加。49.当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时,文艺复兴时代已经结束,并且开启了一个新的时代。50.此类寻求知识和了解已知信息的行为被拉丁语概括为:“sapere aude"即"敢于求知”作文Section ll WritingPart A51. Directions:The students union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest. White a notice in about 100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice. (10 points)小作文:通知留学生唱歌比赛 【参考范文】NoticeDec.21, 2019In order to enrich the campus life and provide the colorful life for you, the Students' Union is preparing the upcoming singing contest, which will be held in the auditorium in our university on the evening of December 31, 2019. Now, the Union is recruiting contestants for this competition.Anyone who are fond of signing or interested in the competition, please send his or her application to students’union@sohu.com before next Wednesday. Besides, there are generous awards in gratitude for this activity. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any queries concerning the singing contest. Meanwhile, volunteers for this activity are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs.We are looking forward to your participation.The Students' UnionPart B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below, In your essay, you should1) Describe the picture briefly,2) Interpret the implied meaning, and3) Give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)大作文:习惯良好的时间管理习惯 【参考范文】Portrayed distinctively by the two cartoons above is an impressive scene: a girl in the left picture is doing homework and saying that early completion is better. Nevertheless, the boy in the right picture is sitting in front of the desk and saying that he will not finish the homework until the last minute.Undoubtedly, the symbolic implication of the pictures is to show us that importance should be attached to the formation of good habits, especially the good habit of time management. On the one hand, efficient time management is critical to personal development. As the old saying goes,“Time is money," and in the fast-paced modern life, it seems that we always have a lot of things to do and we are very busy. In the face of such a situation, we have to realize that efficiency holdsthe key to saving time and time management skills hold the key to personal success. On the other hand, good time management habits play a vital role in the development of the whole society. There is no doubt that, to a large extent, social progress is closely related to the efforts of each indivial. If we can develop the good habit of time management, we are much more likely to improve efficiency and have a better performance in the learning and working process, which is anintegral part of social advances and prosperity.From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that the sense of efficient time management skills is of equal importance in personal and social progress.Therefore,we ought to take advantage of the phenomenon to enlighten the public and the press is expected to take a lead in advertising the value of developing good time management habits. Only in this way can we have a bright future.以上便是整理的2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案,2021考研的小伙伴可以参考真题,准备明年12月的考研初试。下面分享一份公共课书单,希望对大家有用:【英语书单】单词:闪过英语《考研词汇闪过》按重要程度划分了频考词、基础词、偶考词、超纲词,划重点,后期冲刺只背高频词和基础词,省时间。真题:《考研真相》(英语二:考研圣经):一词一句讲解真题,重点词汇和每个句子都有详细讲解,不怕你看不懂,还有排除干扰项的方法,帮助提高答对率,适合基础弱的人。作文:英语一《写作160篇》/英语二《写作宝中宝》:通过词句段篇先教你学会写作文,再用三步作文法帮你拔高,专门针对基础薄弱的。【数学书单】《张宇真题大全解》:从94年到现在的真题都包括了,讲解很好,帮助研究数学题型。李永乐王式安660题:用这本书练习做题,都是经典题型!同济六版/七版《高等数学》上、下同济五版/六版《线性代数》课本:《线性代数》、《概率论》、《数理统计》【政治书单】官方红宝书(政治大纲解析);风中劲草(三本书)、肖秀荣系列:精讲精练、1000题、讲真题、形势与政策、冲刺八套卷、最后四套卷;蒋中挺冲刺5套卷;启航20天20题
2020年研究生英语考试已经结束了,小编已经整理好答案,等各位看官来对了。扶好坐稳我们开始了:完型(1-20)1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up阅读Text 121.D focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.B a self-deceiving attempt.23.D commits to its long-term growth.24.B a supporting example.25.C Favourable.Text 226.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27.A thrived mainly on university libraries.28.D Encouraged.29.A allow publishers some room to make money.30.D The few feed on the many.Text 331.A help little to rece gender bias.32.C It may go against the Constitution.33.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.35.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.Text 436.C impose alevy on tech multinationals.37.A may trigger countermeasures against France.38.B the current international tax system needs upgrading39.C is faced with uncertain prospects.40.B France leads the charge on Digital Tax新题型41.C Eye contact can be a friendly social signal42.E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43.G Eye contact can also be aggressive44.A Eye fixactions are brief45.D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact翻译46.随着教会的教义和思维方式在文艺复兴时期黯然失色,中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合,从而出现了新的及尚未开发的知识领域。47.在每个真理揭示之前,当时的许多思想家都采用了更古老的思维方式,仍旧沿用以前的思维模式,其中包括认为地球是宇宙中心的地球中心说。48.尽管教会试图镇压这-代逻辑学家和理性主义者,但人们对宇宙如何运转的解释却越来越多,并且以-种不容忽视的速度在增加。49.当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时,文艺复兴时代已经结束,并且开启了一个新的时代。50.此类寻求知识和了解已知信息的行为被拉丁语概括为:“sapere aude"即"敢于求知”20考研的宝宝们,终于考完试了,紧张了一年,终于可以缓口气了;对于21考研的新生代宝宝们,你们准备好了吗?先看下前辈们力荐的考研必备复习资料吧,选好资料你就成功了一半:1.单词:闪过英语《考研词汇闪过》英一英二都能用,里面单词按照重要程度划分了频考词、基础词、偶考词和超纲词,有重点,记起来省时间。2.真题:英一《考研真相》/英二《考研圣经》里面真题都是逐句图示分析文章,一词一句的把真题文章讲解得明明白白,基础弱的考研党一定要用,强烈推荐!!3.作文:英一《写作160篇》/英二《写作宝中宝》英语底子比较弱,不会写作文的话,真的建议你用这个。从常用的词汇、句型、模板都给你总结了,不会写那就直接背!拿下作文很简单!更多考研资料,公众号“巨微考研英语”,通通都有,上岸资讯,院校讯息,考研精品书单,独家专业课大礼包,你想要的都在菜单栏里,和巨微君一起备考上岸吧!
2020年考研英语一到底有多难?通过考研英语能够上热搜,就可以知道,难度应该不低,有一个单词,就难倒了很多考生,这个单词就是renaissance(文艺复兴)。有同学居然将其当作人名,直接就给翻译了,很是好奇,不知道她翻译成了那个名字?有一位去年就考过的同学说:“很明显要比去年难很多,去年英语一我考了71分,提前半个小时就做完了,今年可能还需要多半个小时,才能够完美地做完这张卷子。估计,今年只能考65分。”英语一难,其中一个原因就是阅读理解四篇都是紧密结合热点,这让很多考生直呼受不了,新题型也不简单,可能最难的就是翻译吧,一个单词renaissance就难倒了很多考生。这两天,很多机构都公布了考研英语参考答案,不知道大家是否对了答案,进行了估分,如果有估分,我们可以参考最近10年分数线,看看能否过线?为了回答这个问题,首先需要了解考研国家线与单科线,国家线比较容易理解,类比高考分数线,就是进复试必须要达到的考研分数线。下面简单介绍下考研单科线。考研单科线考研单科线,分为两个,一个是满分=100分,另外一个是满分>100分的单科线。所以,很明显,满分=100分的考研科目只有英语和政治,所以,所谓的单科线(满分=100分),就是指英语与政治的最低分数线。具体如何划分,不得而知,但是,我们可以推测,应该是按照英语平均成绩来划分的,因为,与政治相比,英语要更难考一些,并且其平均分一般也要低于政治,所以,既然是划线,当然是以更难考的为准。不过,如果那一年,政治成绩比英语成绩普遍还低,那肯定又以政治为准来划线。总之,无论是以哪个科目为准划线,只要这个单科线被划分出来,对政治、英语同时起作用,任何一门达不到国家线,都意味着考研失败。那么,我们究竟能不能预测下2020年的英语单科线呢?如果想要预测2020年英语考多少分可以过线,首先要知道最近几年的英语(政治)单科线,所以,我们将2008年到2019年的考研A区学硕英语(政治)单科线进行了统计,统计结果如下表所示。通过统计表,我们发现,即使是同样100分满分的英语,不同专业的单科线差别还是比较大的,比如文学专业,单科线可以达到50多分,最近十年只有2014年是低于50分,只有45分,而2019年是51分,所以,2020年较2019年难一些,单科线再一次跌破50分,可能性还是比较大的。我们将以上表格中的数据,做一个统计直方图,我们就会发现,部分专业的分数线波动较大,比如文学、管理学等,而少部分专业分数线其实变化很小,比如工学、理学等。我们再从整体上来看,各个专业的单科分数线是否有什么规律可循?我们选择最近的2016年-2017年,2017年-2018年,2018年-2019年,将各个专业的分数线变化进行统计。统计结果见下表所示:通过以上统计,我们不难发现:即使是同一年,不同专业的分数线变化完全是不同的,有些增长,有些反而下降,没有什么规律可循,因为,影响考研分数线的因素较多,比如报考人数、招生计划、考试难度等因素。所以说,如果仅凭英语考试难度来预测国家单科线走势,其实,难度比较大,最起码对于某些专业来说,是这样。但是,我们也发现,分数线波动是有一个范围的,比如,2016年-2017年,最大的波动是2分,2-17年-2018年波动也是2分,只有去年波动范围较大,最大5分(除了照顾专业)。所以,我们可以预测,2019-2020年单科线,大部分专业变化依旧不会很大,不会有超过5分。并且,总体上,分数线可能保持不变或者呈现下降趋势,即使有个别专业会有所增加,但是,总体来说,大部分专业可能会下降0-5分,所以说,如果大家的估分成绩能够在去年的基础上,少0-5分,应该是可以过线的。主要有三个原因:我们已经知道,2020年英语一比较难,可以肯定的是要比2019年难。2018年-2019年分数线总体呈上升趋势,并且变化幅度较大,这主要是考研人数增加最多的原因。但是,这种变化不可能连续两年上升,这会让考生吃不消。2020年考研人数增加虽然没有2019年多,但是,依旧不少,所以对于单科线也会有影响,这个因素会导致分数线增加。所以说,基于以上三个原因,大部分专业的英语单科线可能会保持2019年分数线不变,或者在此基础上有所下降,但是,上升的可能性很小。最后,我们看看考研人数较多的工学专业的情况,将其单独做统计,我们可以发现,连续好几年都在下降,只有去年增长幅度较大,原因依然是考研人数大幅增加。2019年英语单科线是39分,所以说,基于以上三个原因,我们可以大胆预测下2020年工学专业的英语单科线会不会是35分呢?也就是说,会下降4分。那么,你对完答案估分在35分以上,那过线的可能性很大。以上,就是关于国家线以及英语单科线的一些简单介绍,同时也对英语单科线进行了粗略地预测,以上内容仅代表个人看法,仅供参考。最后,希望每一位同学英语都能够过线!
考研英语的难度是比较高的,而其中的阅读题是整个考研英语中内容最复杂、难度最大的一部分。很多同学的阅读题几乎全军覆没,最后导致英语没能过国家线,而错失了今年读研的机会。那么,考研英语阅读题到底难在哪里?我们又该如何应对呢?一、难点一:文章中的单词不认识,句子无法理解很多同学拿来一篇文章大概扫一眼就会发现,几乎百分之六七十的单词都不认识。如果一篇文章中大部分单词都不认识,那么百分之二百都是基本功没做好。在进入阅读专项之前是需要积累大量词汇的。考研单词5000个,其核心单词2000个是必须烂熟于心才能去做题的。文章首先就是由单词构成的,单词不过关做阅读题就会寸步难行。认识单词之后就是连词成句,这也是很多同学卡壳的地方,最常见的情况就是单词都认识,却无法理解整句话的意思,很多人最后理解的文章意思牛头不对马嘴,做题必然错一片。而这其中最主要的原因就是语法不过关,理解能力差,这是需要勤加训练才能克服的。二、难点二:看得懂文章却选不对答案在背过了单词,学过了语法也能理解文章基本意思之后,还是有一部分同学做不对题。为什么自己明明看懂了文章,理解了意思,还是做错题?这其中最主要的原因是做题时加入了主观色彩。阅读题最忌讳不尊重原文而加入主观色彩去选答案,基本一选一个错,而答案中也会专门给你设坑,让你踩坑而不自知。所以,大家做阅读题时一定要非常客观,所有的答案都要回到原文中去一一对应,原文没有提到的,答案说的再有道理都不能选。三、难点三:耗费时间过多,严重影响后面做题阅读题内容多,难度大,确实需要花费很多时间,但是要在合理范围内,不可超时。考研英语答题时间为三个小时,其中分配于阅读题的时间大概在72-80分钟,一旦超时,会严重影响之后的答题节奏,造成不可挽回的损失。很多同学因为刚入考场特别紧张和焦虑,所以一时半会儿进入不了状态,一篇文章看了一遍又一遍,最后白白浪费时间。其实不如一开始花几分钟时间调整心态,平静下来再答题,效果会更好些。还有一部分原因就是平时模拟训练的次数不够,从不掐时间做题,而导致真正到考场时时间把握不准。四、应对之策造成以上难点的原因,有一部分是因为考研英语阅读题本身就比较有难度,但是大部分原因在于大家自己。想要应对这些难点,做好英语阅读题,拿到高分,最重要的就是训练。单词的积累在这里不必多说,语法也应该提前搞定,最重要的就是关于做题手感和做题技巧,这是需要不断打磨的。大家可以在有了一定基础后,把07-15年的阅读真题仔细琢磨一番,一定会大有收获。至于做题时间的问题,就需要大家平时做题时自觉掐时间完成,不要一道题做三四十分钟,那样是没有任何效果的。以上给大家梳理了一下在面对考研英语阅读题时会遇到的困难,其实困难的主要原因就是基本功不扎实,平时练的太少。如果2020考研的小伙伴们想要在英语上取得高分,那么阅读分数一定要拿稳,希望大家埋头学习,勤加训练,最后收获好结果。
2020年全国研究生入学统一考试的初试成绩已经陆续可以查询了。有的同学查完分数,高兴的在网上晒出了成绩单;也有一些同学现在度日如年,焦急的等待成绩公布,他们总担心自己单科会挂线,尤其是英语。往年也有很多这样的事情发生,比如:担心英语达不到国家线,结果就真的挂了!这到底是怎么回事?今天,我就想和大家聊一聊这个问题。烦人的“墨菲”,它无处不在我不洗车,晴空万里;刚洗完车,第二天就下雨!我不翘课,也不点名;刚一翘课,老师就点名!我担心数学考试某道大题忘了写“解”,结果它就真的没写!这到底是怎么回事?其实这种情况,在我们的生活中常常发生,有一个专门的名词解释这种现象,叫做“墨菲定律”。这里有一个小故事:美国爱德华兹空军基地的工程师墨菲,在1949年的某天,和他的上司斯塔普少校一起,在做一个研究火箭减速超重的试验,试验过程中因为仪器失灵,发生了事故。他们查找原因,最终发现是测量仪表被技术人员给装反了。由此,墨菲得出一个结论:如果做某项工作有多种方法,而其中有一种方法将导致事故,那么一定有人会按这种方法去做。西方人经常这样表述“墨菲定律”:凡事只要有可能出错,那就一定会出错。根据“墨菲定律”,又有以下四条引申:任何事都没有表面看起来那么简单;所有的事都会比你预计的时间长;会出错的事总会出错;如果你担心某种情况发生,那么它就更有可能发生。其实,这些情况的发生是概率在起作用,就像中国的老话说的——上得山多终遇虎。用数学的语言来表述,就是:如果一件事它发生的次数或样本足够多,在这种情况下,一个小概率事件也会变成必然事件。我们以“空难”为例来说明:飞机是世界上最安全的交通工具,它发生“空难”的可能性非常低,但是我们却经常能够看到新闻报道“空难”,这是为什么呢?根据近几年的数据统计,全世界“空难”概率大概是200万分之一,这个概率还是非常之低的。我们假设每1万架次的飞机安全飞行的概率为99.5%,,那么发生空难的概率就是0.5%。那么,按照这个数据推算的话,每10万架次飞机安全飞行的概率为95%,发生空难的概率为5%;每100万架次飞机安全飞行的概率为61%,发生空难的概率为39%;每1000万架次飞机安全飞行的概率为0.67%,发生空难的概率为99.33%。我们全球每年有3000多万架次的飞机飞行,全部安全的概率接近于0。因此,我们经常能够在电视上看到 “空难”的新闻报道。考研的分数也是一样,2020年考研报名的人数有341万,假设每名考生参加4个科目的考试,那么,某名考生某科得了0分一定是一个小概率事件,但是,因为样本足够大,小概率事件变成了必然事件,我们每年都能够看到0分考卷。这也就解释了:“担心英语达不到国家线,结果就真的挂了!”这一问题。把握机会,绝地逢生如果我们不幸真的单科挂线了,或者总分不够,那我2020年还有读研的可能吗?还是有的!主要有以下几种办法:1.破格复试有的院校规定,满足一定要求的考生可以申请破格复试。具体破格要求要仔细研读报考院校关于破格复试的有关规定,有不明白的问题也可以直接电话咨询该院校研招办,一般院校相关工作人员都会给你明确的答复。2.总分补差有少数院校有“总分补差”的政策规定。对于部分高分考生,只有一科挂线,且相差分数较少,被淘汰了十分可惜。这个时候,依据政策规定,该考生可以用总分20分换取挂线科目1分,以此来达到单科过线标准,进入复试。3.加分政策参加“大学生志愿服务西部计划”、“三支一扶计划”、“农村义务教育阶段学校教师特设岗位计划”等项目服务期满、考核合格的考生,3年内参加全国硕士研究生招生考试的,初试总分加10分,同等条件下优先录取。高校学生应征入伍服义务兵役退役,达到报考条件后,3年内参加全国硕士研究生招生考试的考生,初试总分加10分,同等条件下优先录取。在部队荣立二等功以上,符合全国硕士研究生招生考试报考条件的,可申请免试(初试)攻读硕士研究生。参加“选聘高校毕业生到村任职”项目服务期满、考核称职以上的考生,3年内参加全国硕士研究生招生考试的,初试总分加10分,同等条件下优先录取,其中报考人文社科类专业研究生的,初试总分加15分。4.照顾专业照顾专业是指:国家根据国民经济发展急需和研究生教育发展的需要确定部分扶持的重点学科专业。这些学科一般需求量较大,但上线生源较少。照顾专业单独划定进入复试的初试成绩基本要求(一般比国家线略低)。照顾专业具体包括以下专业:学术学位:工学照顾专业:力学[0801]、冶金工程[0806]、动力工程及工程热物理[0807]、水利工程[0815]、地质资源与地质工程 [0818]、矿业工程[0819]、船舶与海洋工程[0824]、航空宇航科学与技术[0825]、兵器科学与技术[0826]、核科学与技术[0827]、农业工程[0828]。中医类照顾专业:中医学[1005]、中西医结合[1006]体育学[0403]专业学位:工程硕士照顾领域:冶金工程[085205]、动力工程[085206]、水利工程[085214]、地质工程[085217]、矿业工程[085218]、船舶与海洋工程[085223]、安全工程[085224]、兵器工程[085225]、核能与核技术工程[085226]、农业工程[085227]、林业工程[085228]、航空工程[085232]、航天工程[085233]。中医硕士[1057]体育硕士[0452]5.少数民族照顾报考地处二区招生单位且毕业后在国务院公布的民族区域自治地方定向就业的少数民族普通高校应届本科毕业生;或者工作单位在国务院公布的民族区域自治地方,且定向就业单位为原单位的少数民族在职人员考生,可按规定享受少数民族照顾政策。享受少数民族照顾政策的考生,单独划定进入复试的初试成绩基本要求。6.调剂很多二区院校每年研究生都招录不满,甚至部分一区院校也存在研究生补录的机会,同学们可以及时关注研招信息,留心看看往年相关院校的研招情况和调剂人数,可以尝试给学校的研招办打电话咨询招录情况,他们的口径比较权威。心有猛虎,细嗅蔷薇2020年的开年与众不同,2020年的考生也承受着环境和心理上的双重压力。好在春天,她快要来了。希望各位考生都能够在防疫期间做好复习,戒骄戒躁,靠近美好,把在特殊“假期”里积攒起的磅礴之力,全部投入到考研复试的战斗中去。最后,祝愿大家都能够考研成功,梦想成真。想飞上天 和太阳肩并肩世界等着我去改变想做的梦 从不怕别人看见在这里我都能实现大声欢笑 让你我肩并肩何处不能欢乐无限抛开烦恼 勇敢的大步向前
2020考研英语刚刚结束,英语一整体难度适中,与近几年的真题思路接近一致,关于翻译部分,五个长难句依旧各有难度,文章背景主要讨论文艺复兴时期的思维变化,整体词汇有一定难度,今天文都考研英语将为同学们总结翻译考点,并和同学们分享翻译相关的复习方法。考点一:With引导的随从状语与被动关于with的状语翻译,真题中:With the Church's teachings and ways of thinking being eclipsed by the Renaissance,直接可以译为:随着...,与主句进行连接;本句中状语还有被动结构,被动处理的两种方法:变为主动和保持被动,在本句可以译为主动:在文艺复兴时期黯然失色。考点二:同位语从句的翻译关于同位语从句的翻译,今年在真题中为:including the geo-centric view that the Earth was at the centre of our universe. 可以看出同从修饰名词view,同学们要注意区分同从和定从的区别,后面从句的内容进一步解释说明前面观点,译文可以用“即”或者冒号连接两句话,译为:其中包括地球中心说的观点,即:地球是宇宙中心。考点三:修饰成分的翻译翻译的一个难点就是处理好句中的修饰,并且能还原成正常的中文语序,在这个过程中可以适当更改单词词性和语义,在真题中:attempts by the Church to suppress this generation of logicians and rationalists,名词attempts由两个介词短语进行修饰,在翻译时,根据语义进行调整:尽管教会试图镇压这一代逻辑学家和理性主义者。考点四:状语从句的翻译除了修饰的处理,有些长难句难点在于整个句式结构上,尤其是状语从句的考察,今年的真题中,出现了as引导的状从:As many took on the ty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world,as在句中引导的时间状语从句,意为:当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时。考点五:长难句主干的识别五个翻译句子中,对长难句主干的识别尤为重要,在今年真题中:Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what the information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase 'sapere aude' or 'dare to know'. 整个句子为一句话没有明显的断句标志,在找主干时,可以先找出核心谓语动词were captured,前面部分为主语,后面为状语,整理后主干为:such actions were captured by...。以上为今年的翻译重点解析,关于翻译复习上,建议同学们平时除了积累词汇,还需要进行长难句的断句识主干练习,每星期练习30个句子,并且在练习过程中将修饰成分全部标出,经过练习一定能在翻译模块取得不错的进步。
2019年12月21日下午17时,2020届考生结束了备受关注的英语学科考研,为过去一年甚或更久的辛苦“备战”画上了圆满的句号,着实令人振奋。众所周知,作文作为考研英语五大题型的核心题型之一,一直是考生备考的重点难点,也是议论的热点,那么笔者就以刚刚结束的考研英语一大作文为例,共同揭开大作文的“神秘面纱”,同时也为2021届考生的备考提供方向指南,以期有的放矢,斩获高分。2020考研英语一真题如下:Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below. In your essay, you should1) describe the picture briefly,2) interpret the implied meaning, and3) give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)写作分析1. 考题形式:图画作文图画作文在形式上延续过去十余年,范围上属于大纲明确范围,一直是英语一大作文考生备考的重点,具体而言,考查形式为双图题,虽然和2018,2019的不同,但考研的历史上,最早可以追溯到2003,近几年比如2016,2017出的也是双图题,因此就形式而言难度不大;2. 话题范围: 习惯,自律,时间管理,效率,防范拖延,行动等相关主题就话题范围而言,依然考的是历年真题考频最高的个人修养类,相关话题在历届考研真题中可以说屡见不鲜,如2008 “合作”;2012 “乐观”;2014“孝顺”,2017—“实践”等。同时,北京文都在考前押题班等多次课程中反复强调个人品质类为热点话题,需重点关注。话题内容并不生疏,难度偏易;3. 具体撰写:宏观角度---布局谋篇首段为图画描述段,可用两到三个长句子具体描述图画内容,注意双图题必须两幅图都要描述到位,不能有遗漏,但可以在具体写作时就其中某一幅图有所侧重;主体段为围绕主题的具体论述,可从意义分析或原因分析等多维角度进行论述;尾段为总结段,正面话题可从:总结上文、回应主题、提出希望三个方面作结。微观角度---遣词造句1)词汇、句法:考研英语作为英语阶段的高级测试,对词和句的要求要远远高于四六级等等级测试。从词汇角度来说,要注意少用或不用被历届学生用俗套的词,而多用一些熟词的生僻含义或“高大上”的词汇,于细微处彰显写作功底;从句法角度来说,句子结构的丰富多样性直接与得分正相关,因而要多运用句式解构复杂的句子,比如复合句(名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句)、特殊句型(倒装句、强调句、there be句型)、独立主格、非谓语动词等,以体现自己在句意表达上的优势所在。2)避免常见错误:具体用词上,注意基本语法错误,如名词单复数:动词的时态语态:被动语态的-ed形式,形近词混用等问题;构句上,英语与汉语不同,为形合语言,这就要求考生在写作时不仅要关注内容的契合,也要对前后句形式上的相合,也就是,如前后句语义关系密切,要有意识地使用关联词、分词等形式把二者紧密结合起来,以使行文鲜活生动,助力高分作文。
2020考研英语今天下午结束,在考研英语考试结束后很多考生都在吐槽今年考研英语的难度太大,尤其是考研英语一的难度比较大,一些考生在考完了英语后已经决定要考研二战,一些考生考完英语后认为整个卷子自己就只会写作文而已,而英语完形填空、阅读理解、新型题、翻译题的难度都比较大,因此有部分考生认为2020考研英语一的难度为历年最高,比过去考研英语最难的年份还要难。那么2020考研英语一试题太难吗?考生:整个卷子就只会做英语作文。首先来分析考研英语一的完形填空来看,难度不是很大,至少完形填空的难度与过去十年的完形填空难度相比没那么大,考察的很全面,考生想要全部做对也很难,但是如果想做对一半难度不大。考虑到完形填空这部分题往往是考生最后才开始做,所以一些考生会因为时间紧张而慌忙做题导致错误率比较高,客观的讲完形填空难度和去年持平。其次分析考研一英语作文,考研英语一的小作文和大作文难度都不大,都是考生复习考研英语作文时候经常会面对到的话题,考生在考场上看到这些英语作文题目的时候,肯定不会那么的紧张,只需要把自己记住的短语词汇和句子正确运用就好。和2019考研英语一作文难度对比来看,2020考研英语一作文难度不大,题型属于常规题型。再次分析考研英语一阅读理解,在四篇阅读理解中前两篇的阅读理解难度比较大,后两篇的考研英语阅读理解难度比较小,如果考生一开始就做第一篇考研英语一阅读理解估计心理防线会崩溃,会影响考生的考研发挥,综合来看前两篇考研英语一阅读理解难度要比后面两篇考研英语一阅读理解难度高出30%左右,而2020考研英语阅读理解与2019考研英语阅读理解对比来看,今年考研英语一阅读理解难度要高一些,阅读理解比较差的同学在这部分失误比较多,想得高分不容易。最后分析考研英语一的翻译题和新型题,翻译题难度不大,会有一部分生僻单词比如文艺复兴的英语单词考生会觉得比较难,但是客观讲这个单词也属于考研常见的单词,考生不应该不认识这个单词。翻译题的长难句、词汇和往年相比难度有提高自己但是难度不大,考生只需要正常发挥就可以。而考研英语一的新型题今年考生觉得比较难,在各个选项之中徘徊,不知道选择哪一个,个人认为新型题的难度比去年考研英语一的新型题难度大,很多学生很容易在这部分题失分。综上所述,2020考研英语一整体难度并没有突破历年之最,也并不是最难的,具体来看考研英语一的完形填空、作文题、翻译题难度与往年一样,但是阅读理解和新型题给考生带来了难度,因此2020考研英语一试题难度与2019年考研英语一相比确实难度有所提高。
第一部分:英语运用阅读下面的文本。为每个标有数字的空格选择最合适的单词,并在答题卡上标好A,B,C,或者D。即使家人们并不像从前一样坐在一起吃饭,数百万的英国人仍然惯于共度周末,享受这个国度的最伟大的传统之一:星期天烤肉。( 1 )一个寒冷的冬日,很少烹饪的乐趣能够( 2 )它。然而正如我们现在报道的,食品警察认定这( 3 )应该被呈现,另一有罪的快乐( 4 )伤害我们的健康。户外烤肉食物标准局已经( 5 )一个公开警告,即关于一种( 6 )高温烹饪的食物中产生的名为丙烯酰胺的化合物的风险。这意味着人们应该( 7 )发脆他们的烤土豆,摒弃薄皮披萨并且只( 8 )烘烤他们的面包。但是支撑如此危言耸听建议的证据在哪里呢?( 9 )几个研究表示丙烯酰胺会导致老鼠的神经系统损伤,没有( 10 )证据表明它会导致人类癌症。科学家们说,这种化合物是( 11 )致癌的,但是没有确凿的科学证据。( 12 )预防原则,可以说遵循食物标准局的建议是( 13 )。( 14 ),吸烟致癌曾经多年是谣言直到证明那是( 15 )的证据被找到。丙烯酰胺无疑,在周日一片煮牛肉总是可以( 16 )上,与一些清蒸蔬菜一起,没有约克郡布丁和葡萄酒。但是这样的人生值得过吗?( 17 )食物标准局说,这不是让人们把烤食品切出(18 )而是减少他们的终生摄入。然而它的( 19 )风险作为一个讲道词和保姆的杂交出现。持续的健康恐慌只会( 20 )没一个人倾听。A、in在……里 B、towards向…… C、on在……上 D、till直到A、match匹配 B、express表达 C、satisfy满足 D、influence影响A、patience耐心 B、enjoyment享受 C、surprise惊喜 D、concern担忧A、intensified变本加厉地 B、privileged享有特权的C、compelled迫使 D、guaranted保证的,肯定的5. A、 issued 发布 B、received收到 C、ignored忽略 D、canceled删除6. A、under在……下 B、at在……方面 C、for为了 D、by用,被7. A、forget忘记 B、regret后悔 C、finish完成 D、avoid避免8. A、partially部分地 B、regularly规律地 C、easily容易地 D、initially最初9. A、Unless除非 B、Since因为 C、If如果 D、While然而10. A、secondary其次 B、external外部的C、conclusive最后的 D、negative消极的11. A、insufficient不够的 B、bound必定的C、likely可能的 D、slow缓慢的12. A、On the basis of 基于 B、At the cost of 以……成本C、 In addition to 另外 D、 In contrast to 与……相反13. A、interesting有趣的 B、advisable明智的C、urgent紧迫的 D、fortunate幸运的14. A、As usual如往常一样 B、In particular尤其C、By definition显然地 D、After all毕竟15. A、resemblance相似 B、combination组合C、connection联系 D、pattern模式16. A、made做 B、served服务 C、saved储存 D、used使用17. A、To be fair公平地说 B、For instance比如说C、To be brief简单来说 D、In general一般来说18. A、reluctantly勉强地 B、entirely完全地C、graally逐渐地 D、carefully小心地19. A、promise承诺 B、experience经验C、campaign运动 D、competition比赛20. A、follow up追踪 B、pick up捡起 C、open up打开 D、end up结束
Even if families are less likely to sit down to eat together than was once the case, millions of Britons will none the less have partaken this weekend of one of the nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. 即使家庭成员不像以前那样频繁聚餐了,但是数百万英国人周末依然会参加英国最大的传统活动之一:周末烤肉大餐。(生词:less...than 比……少 than was once the case比以前as was once the case和以前一样none the less 依然 partake 参加,吃)周日烤肉大餐Ona cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can match it. 在一个寒冷的冬日,没有什么烹饪乐趣比得过它了。(生词:culinary烹饪的,厨房的)Yet as we report now , the food police are determined that this enjoyment should be rendered into another guilty pleasure guaranteedto damage our health.但是正如我们报道的那样,食品监督部门断定吃的快乐肯定会变成有损健康的自责。(生词:the food police 食品监督部门 render 致使,造成 be rendered into 变成 be guaranteed to do sth. 肯定去做某事 )The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has issueda public warning about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked at high temperatures. 英国食品标监局警告民众注意一种在高温烹饪食物过程中产生的致癌物质——丙烯酰胺的化学物质的危险。(生词:FSA 英国食品标准局issue 发布,发行 that forms... high temperatures是acrylamide 的定语从句。at high temperatures在高温下)This means that people should avoidcrisping their roast potatoes, spurn thin -crust pizzas and only partially toast their bread. 这就意味着人们应该避免吃炸土豆片,薄脆披萨和烤面包。( 生词:crisp 使食物变脆 roast 在火上或者火炉中把食物烤焦 crust 面包皮,外壳 toast 在火上或者火旁把食物烤脆,烤成黄色 partially toast 指把面包的表皮烤焦 )But where is the evidence to support such alarmist advice?但是支持这么危言耸听的建议的证据在哪里呢?(生词:alarmist 危言耸听的)Whilestudies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no conclusive evidence that it causes cancer in humans. 尽管研究已经表明丙烯酰胺能够致老鼠神经损坏,但是没有确凿的证据证明它会致人癌症。(生词:while 位于句首引导让步状语从句,意为“尽管”neurological神经上的,神经学的 conclusive 令人信服的,确凿的 that it ... in humans是evidence的同位语从句。)Scientists say the compound is likelyto be “carcinogenic” but have no hard scientific proof . 科学家说这种化学物质有可能致癌,但是没有有力的科学依据。On the basis ofthe precautionary principle, it could be argued that it is advisable to follow the FSA advice.根据预防性原则,可以说采纳英国食品标监局的建议是明智的。(生词:on the basis of 根据,依据 precautionary小心的,预先警戒的 It could be argued that... 可以说…… advisable 明智的,可取的) After all, it was rumored that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a connection.别忘了,人们传言吸烟致癌许多年后才找到证据证明二者有关。(生词: it was rumored that ...人们传言……)Doubtless a piece of boiled beef can always be servep on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the Yorkshire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 毫无疑问,周日上桌的总是煮牛肉和蒸熟的蔬菜,没有约克郡布丁,没有酒。但是那样的话,生活还值得过吗?生活还有意思吗?(生词:Doubtless毫无疑问serve 服务,端上serve meal 端菜,上饭 alongside 和……一起)约克郡布丁To be fair,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods entirely , but rece their lifetime intake.公平地讲,FSA说不是让人们完全不吃烤制食物,而是减少烤制食物的摄入量。(生词:to be fair公平地讲 cut out放弃 intake摄入,摄取,吸入)However their campaignrisks coming across as exhortation and nannying. Constant health scares just end up with no one listening.但是他们的这一倡导冒着被人们当作是极力劝戒和担心过度的风险。不断担心健康就会以没人听而告终。(人们会觉得FSA太过于夸大其危害,杞人忧天,所以没有人听,也不再担心健康问题了。)(生词:campaign 运动,活动,战役 come across 碰到,偶遇,发现 exhortation极力劝戒 nannying过度保护 end up with以……结束)1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on[D]Till2. [A ]match[B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concern4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued[B]received [C]ignored [D]canceled6. [A] under [B]at[C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially[B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]external [C] conclusive[D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely[D]slow12.[A]On the basis of[B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection[D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair[B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely[C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign[D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up