2017数二考研真题

2010-2019年 考研数学一二三真题 逐题精讲视频已出!!!考研数学真题讲解：每日一练227天一、题目二、解析考研路上，你我同行。加油！关注“泰笛牛考研数学”，一次性获得完整历年考研数学真题资料！还可以免费享受在线答疑！关注能考140+分哦~

2018年考研查分已经全面结束了，坐等分数线出来了，不出大家的意料，2018考研数学的分数跟难度很匹配，分数就是不高，致使很多同学都说自己败给了数学。有的同学花了5个月最后才50多分，有的同学平时都120分最后也才50多分。所以很多同学对数学都很绝望，所以很多报考2019的同学在选择专业的时候都重点考虑数学，有的同学甚至在考虑去考管理类联考，因为认为都是高中数学。那么我们今天来看看大家都咋看待17考研数学史上最简单、18年考研数学史上最难按照这规律19考研数学到底会怎样呢？不管最终咋样听别人的意见，和少数人讨论自己做决定。一、近三年的数学命题太不稳定了，考研命题组在干嘛？二、16数学怎么样？三、我觉着以后数学整体难度会上台阶的，有点这种趋势了，选拔人才。四、2006年的最简单，其次就是1994年和2017年。五、还是不要预测的好，认真复习，大量练习，遇到什么题都会有思路，这样不管多难都能得分。六、对于考研的人来说每年都很难。七、16只是计算量大，算不出来而已。18更难，题型偏，根本没法下笔。八、我看了均分今年没有16难，至少结果上16年分低的吓人。 九、16均分多少，那些说18比16难的，都是没考过16的，只是在下面做了一下，和考场感觉不一样的。。16老学长路过。。十、三站党，16年数一难在计算量大，数学二其实不算很难。18年数学一数学二都难，题型很偏计算量也很大。十一、奇数年数学基本偏简单。十二、明年你就发现，18年考研数学，16考研数学，15考研数学归于一样难了，然后19考研数学的最难，说到底真正好好学的没有低分的。十三、说归说15考研数学应该不能和16 18比吧，真题测试除16年120其他年份均分135以上，15年真题的做完就对16年印象深18就不说了大坑。十四、考前做的16卷子大题就两题计算量大算不出来，时间可以控制在两个半小时做完，今年18考场上做的大题就两题完全解出来，坐在位置上最后半个小时顶着空着的答题纸不知道怎么办，考个四小时我也做不出来其他的，除却考场紧张因素，感觉完全不一样。十五、根据连续年份难度跨度，我觉得98年数学最难，和前面几年相比是空前的难度。十六、数一16年最难。数二，数三都是18年最难。十七、每年的考生都会说当年是最难的，这是铁律。（17年的可不这么说）十八、大不了就是再难点，还能怎样。看了大家的讨论其实我们可以看得出来，考研数学每年都在变化，16的计算难、17年相对简单、18年的题目考查更偏一些，根据历年考研的人数来看这个还是很好理解的。那么2019年的考研数学应该不会太简单，毕竟考研是一个选拔性的考试，需要选拔高级人才。不管咋样我们给大家几点意见：第一、数学在基础复习的时候不要想到什么考什么不考，早点准备，过课本的时候都要面面俱到。第二、不要用真题来评价自己的能力，因为真题在你做其他题的时候都会涉及到一些。第三、一定要多做模拟试题，给模拟试题留充足的时间，免得在考场上自己不适应。希望对大家有帮助，我们是知了网伴随，大学生成长的趣味、高效在线学习平台，欢迎关注我们每天的原创文章，更多的考研、四六级等内容请关注我，点关注不迷路，也欢迎大家私下交流，如若认同请帮忙分享转发。

26日，网传某教师考研辅导视频涉嫌泄露研究生招生考试数学试题。对此，教育部考试中心予以了否认。 有网友发微博称，2018年全国硕士研究生统一招生考试数学科目出现“神押题”，一名教师在考前押题视频中举的例题与实际考试试题十分相似。 教育部考试中心就此回应说，经组织有关专家对视频等材料进行研判，视频中所举的例题均与实考试题不同。该教师及视频中所提及的老师均未参与2018年研究生招生考试数学科命题工作。 教育部考试中心有关负责人表示，任何干扰破坏国家教育考试的行为，一经查实，将依法依规严肃处理，决不姑息。12月26日下午，大连理工大学官方微博发布声明称， “我校在《关于严禁举办考研辅导班的通知》中明确规定： 教师不得以任何形式参与考研辅导活动，包括社会上的考研辅导活动，对教师李林参与社会考研辅导活动的行为，学校将作出严肃处理，处理结果将及时向社会公布。”涉事教师本人也发表声明，称网上言论不实。 我平时不用微博，因为今天发生的事情，我必须要说话，让大家了解事情真实情况。 我自2005年起开始参与考研辅导，虽然教育部和学校早已明文禁止，但仍抱有侥幸心理，私自外出授课，对此给学校带来不好影响，我本人深感自责。 我在社会考研辅导班的讲授过程中，有针对冷门知识点对考生进行提示。网上提及的有关二阶差分、假设检验的内容是我近年来多次提及的冷点（今年一同提及的冷点还有曲率、曲率半径、函数平均值、切比雪夫不等式等）。对于网上有人指出的与今年考研真题相似度较高的题目，我已在社会上的考研辅导机构讲授多年，并不只是今年才讲，这一点可以通过调查往年讲课视频和学生笔记来证明。 我没有参与过历年（包括今年）的考研命题，也没有参与历年（包括今年）考研大纲的制定，网上的相关言论不属实。 对于此事，我已委托律师通过法律途径处理，后续我会用该微博账号发布相关信息。 李林 2017年12月26日

2021年考研数学（一）题库【历年真题＋章节题库＋模拟试题】第一部分历年真题2019年全国硕士研究生招生考试考研数学一真题及详解 2018年全国硕士研究生招生考试考研数学一真题及详解 2017年全国硕士研究生招生考试考研数学一真题及详解 2016年全国硕士研究生招生考试考研数学一真题及详解 2015年全国硕士研究生招生考试考研数学一真题及详解 2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研数学一真题及详解 2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研数学一真题及详解 2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研数学一真题及详解 2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研数学一真题及详解 2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研数学一真题及详解 2009年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研数学一真题及详解 2008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研数学一真题及详解 第二部分　章节题库 高等数学 第一章　函数、极限、连续 第二章　一元函数微分学 第三章　一元函数积分学 第四章　向量代数和空间解析几何 第五章　多元函数微分学 第六章　多元函数积分学 第七章　无穷级数 第八章　常微分方程 线性代数 第一章　行列式 第二章　矩　阵 第三章　向　量 第四章　线性方程组 第五章　矩阵的特征值和特征向量 第六章　二次型 概率论与数理统计 第一章　随机事件和概率 第二章　随机变量及其分布 第三章　多维随机变量及其分布 第四章　随机变量的数字特征 第五章　大数定律和中心极限定理 第六章　数理统计的基本概念 第七章　参数估计 第八章　假设检验 第三部分　模拟试题 全国硕士研究生招生考试考研数学一模拟试题及详解（一） 全国硕士研究生招生考试考研数学一模拟试题及详解（二） 全国硕士研究生招生考试考研数学一模拟试题及详解（三） 更多资料2021年考研数学（一）考试大纲解析2021年考研数学（一）全套资料2021年考研数学（一）考前冲刺班找学习资料就上畅学苑学习网，助您乘风破浪一次通关！

在研究生考试的所有科目中，考研数学对于很多考生来说都是一道很难逾越的坎。很多同学超过一半的复习时间都花在了考研数学上。即使这样，最终结果却不尽人意。在整个考研数学中高等数学所占比重最大，其中考研数学一和数学三达到了56%，超过了线性代数和概率统计两部分之和，考研数学二占比高达78%。研究生入学考试中数一、数二、数三分别对应不同的专业。这三类试卷中，数一的高数部分又是涉及范围最广，最不容易复习的一类试卷。甚至部分同学为了避开考研数学一，而选择跨专业考试，或者放弃学硕而考专硕，这种情况一定要慎重。为了帮助考研同学更好的规划复习研究生数学考试，小编整理过去十年的研究生考试真题。现将历年考试中常考知识点和部分考试形式总结一下，希望能够对正在考研复习的2020年考生有所帮助。一、2010年~2019年考研数学一高等数学中出现的主要知识点根据2018年最新出版的高教版2019年《全国硕士研究生招生考试大纲》要求，考研数学一考查的内容一共包含八章内容如图：这些内容仅仅从题目上去看，和我们大学一年级学过的高等数学没有什么区别。但是，关键在于在如此众多的知识点当中，哪些知识点是考研数学的重点？哪些又是常考的知识点？又是以什么样的形式来考查呢？篇幅所限，小编简要介绍常考知识点和侧重点。考研高数第一章，函数、极限、连续是整个高等数学的根基，只要谈到高等数学就一定会涉及到这三个概念。甚至可以说离开了这三部分内容，高等数学就无从谈起。本章知识点除了作为基础知识综合到后面各知识点中外，还有些知识反复出现在过去十年的考题当中。比如：求极限用到的等价无穷替换、罗必塔法则等方法，更多的时候是这两个方法相结合效率更高。另外间断点类型判定，应用零点定理证明方程根的存在性。考研高数第二、三章一元函数微积分学作为多元函数微积分以及后续各知识点的基础也是重中之重。当然，在过去十年考研中也是重点考查内容之一。求导数和导数应用是必考内容，并且题型多样，每年都会以不同形式出现不止一个题目。甚至在2013年考研数学一中出现了单独考查这个知识点的两个题目。另外，单调性，极值，凹凸拐点，积分上限函数等等都是一元函数微分学部分的常考内容。定积分定义及性质，积分上限函数、定积分计算、定积分几何应用等等这些都是一元函数积分学当中的常考知识点。在过去十年的考试当中，以上提到的这些知识点考查次数一般都在四、五次以上。考研高数第四章向量代数和空间解析几何，这一部分的知识点单独出现在研究生考试题目中很少见到。但是，这并不意味这一章的知识点不重要。在多元函数微分学的几何应用、多元函数积分学等题目当中都会涉及到空间解析几何知识。对于本章知识点，大家将重点放在空间解析几何的相关知识点与其他章节知识点相结合。考研高数第五、六章多元函数微积分学知识点也是历年研究生考试中必考内容之一。在本部分众多知识点中，二元函数偏导数与全微分的求法，方向导数与梯度计算，曲面的切平面与法线方程是考查的重点。二重积分计算在近三年没有考过，但是过去近十年考查了四次。三重积分应用求形心坐标，十年中考查了三次。第二类线面积分也是常考知识点，在过去十年中有五年都有考查，考察率达到了50%。考研高数第七章无穷级数主要考查点在：级数敛散性的判定，幂级数收敛域、和函数求法，把函数展开成幂级数。以上知识点每年都会考到，只是形式不同而已，一般情况下题目难度不是很大。考研高数第八章常微分方程这一部分知识点的考查主要集中在一阶线性和二阶常系数微分方程的解法。另外线性微分方程解的结构也是较常见考点之一。通常情况下，本部分知识点考查比较简单、直接，只要掌握基本解法就能够应对考试题目。说完了那些考试“热点”，再说说那些考试当中的“冷点”。经过小编的整理，我们发现：在过去的十年考试中，向量代数、高阶导数、柯西中值定理、定积分物理应用、伯努利方程、全微分方程从来没有出现在研究生考试中。第一类线、面积分很少涉及。二、近年考研数学一高等数学主要知识点的考查趋势及2020年那些知识点出现的可能性大？1）过去十年考研数学知识点考查趋势。通过对过去十年常考知识点的总结，从整体来看，小编认为研究生考试重点在于基础，基本概念的理解、基本计算，以及相关性质的熟练运用。考查重点还是在一元微积分学和多元微积分学，而空间解析几何和向量代数考查相对较少。常微分方程历年考查的题型，都是大纲当中基本类型。并且常微分方程这部分知识点过去十年每年都会考到一个题目，这一部分应该说是比较好复习的知识点。其中，一阶线性和二阶常系数线性微分方程出现比较多的。线积分2015年之前考查频繁，近几年没有出现在考题当中。2）哪些知识点会成为2020年考研数学的热点呢？极限、导数这样的知识点在2020年的研究生考试中一定少不了，唯一的区别只是形式不同而已。微分中值定理在2013年，2017年都以11分的大题出现，根据经验2020年考查是大概率事件。积分上限函数过去十年频繁出现，那么2020年会不会再来呢？小编预测，积分上限函数有很大可能结合求极限、导数应用、微分方程以一道大题的形式出现。重积分计算，尤其二重积分在研究生考试中作为一个重点内容，在过去十年中，前几年每年必现，但是近两年没有了踪影，今年会不会出现呢？可能性很大。作为重点考点，线积分与格林公式或斯托克斯公式相结合2015年之后没有再出现过，今年考查的可能性也是较大的。如何更好的应对研究生入学考试呢？小编认为：第一步，对于考研大纲中要求的知识点，注意基本概念、基本方法和基本定理的复习、思考。这些基本知识点，通过反复练习，加深理解。第二步，在对基本知识掌握熟练的前提下，考生还应该对于各个考点分类练习，提高认识。最后，通过真题的练习，寻找考研试题和平时学习中的差异，查漏补缺。　

2020考研英语一真题及答案【完整版】！【完形】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案（1-20）1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up【阅读】Section III Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for Zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. "A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a "town of culture" award could [A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as [A] a sensible compromise.[B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-cotching bonus.[D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it [A] endeavours to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present [A] a contrasting case.[B] a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D] a related topic.25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical[B] Objective[C] Favourable[D] Critical答案（21-25）21.D focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.B a self-deceiving attempt.23.D commits to its long-term growth.24.B a supporting example.25.C Favourable.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money, Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the proction of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing instry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers proced in the world, made profits of more than f 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than f 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every pay walled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms; either freely available from the moment of publication,or pay walled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their proct free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around500 to $5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these "article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because [A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.!27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have [A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing instry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? [A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned.[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms [A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] rece the cost of publication substantially.[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D] The few feed on the many.答案（26-30）26.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27.A thrived mainly on university libraries.28.D Encouraged.29.A allow publishers some room to make money.30.D The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are lessthan40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feelgood but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will [A] help little to rece gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the Califormia measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C] It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate [A] the harm from arbitrary board decision. [B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to [A] the underestimation of elite women's role[B] the objection to female participation on boards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women's need in employment should be considered.[B] Feasibility, should be a prime concern in policy making.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.答案（31-35）31.A help little to rece gender bias.32.C It may go against the Constitution.33.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.35.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.Text4 :Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a"GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple, Facebook and Amazon-in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax).Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance, law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union. Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach aconsensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to [A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax [A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that [A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work [A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to in involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy答案（36-40）36.C impose alevy on tech multinationals.37.A may trigger countermeasures against France.38.B the current international tax system needs upgrading39.C is faced with uncertain prospects.40.B France leads the charge on Digital TaxPart B Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fix actions are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated [F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor ring a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact: We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In althood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42. Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer ring a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond ring direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.44. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image. are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45. In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues "Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.答案（41-45）41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signal42.E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43.G Eye contact can also be aggressive44.A Eye fixactions are brief45.D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence ring the 14h century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17h century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored itellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) Before each of their revelations many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking.including the geo-centric view that the Earth was a the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory ring a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress. this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe ring most of 17h century. (49) As many took on the ty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17h and I8h centuries were times of radical change and curiosity, Scientific method,rectionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase' sapere aude' or dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay" An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?".It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.答案（46-50）46.随着教会的教义和思维方式在文艺复兴时期黯然失色，中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合，从而出现了新的及尚未开发的知识领域。47.在每个真理揭示之前，当时的许多思想家都采用了更古老的思维方式，仍旧沿用以前的思维模式，其中包括认为地球是宇宙中心的地球中心说。48.尽管教会试图镇压这-代逻辑学家和理性主义者，但人们对宇宙如何运转的解释却越来越多，并且以-种不容忽视的速度在增加。49.当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时，文艺复兴时代已经结束，并且开启了一个新的时代。50.此类寻求知识和了解已知信息的行为被拉丁语概括为：“sapere aude"即"敢于求知”作文Section ll WritingPart A51. Directions:The students union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest. White a notice in about 100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice. (10 points)小作文：通知留学生唱歌比赛 【参考范文】NoticeDec.21, 2019In order to enrich the campus life and provide the colorful life for you, the Students' Union is preparing the upcoming singing contest, which will be held in the auditorium in our university on the evening of December 31, 2019. Now, the Union is recruiting contestants for this competition.Anyone who are fond of signing or interested in the competition, please send his or her application to students’union@sohu.com before next Wednesday. Besides, there are generous awards in gratitude for this activity. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any queries concerning the singing contest. Meanwhile, volunteers for this activity are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs.We are looking forward to your participation.The Students' UnionPart B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below, In your essay, you should1) Describe the picture briefly,2) Interpret the implied meaning, and3) Give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)大作文：习惯良好的时间管理习惯 【参考范文】Portrayed distinctively by the two cartoons above is an impressive scene: a girl in the left picture is doing homework and saying that early completion is better. Nevertheless, the boy in the right picture is sitting in front of the desk and saying that he will not finish the homework until the last minute.Undoubtedly, the symbolic implication of the pictures is to show us that importance should be attached to the formation of good habits, especially the good habit of time management. On the one hand, efficient time management is critical to personal development. As the old saying goes,“Time is money," and in the fast-paced modern life, it seems that we always have a lot of things to do and we are very busy. In the face of such a situation, we have to realize that efficiency holdsthe key to saving time and time management skills hold the key to personal success. On the other hand, good time management habits play a vital role in the development of the whole society. There is no doubt that, to a large extent, social progress is closely related to the efforts of each indivial. If we can develop the good habit of time management, we are much more likely to improve efficiency and have a better performance in the learning and working process, which is anintegral part of social advances and prosperity.From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that the sense of efficient time management skills is of equal importance in personal and social progress.Therefore,we ought to take advantage of the phenomenon to enlighten the public and the press is expected to take a lead in advertising the value of developing good time management habits. Only in this way can we have a bright future.以上便是整理的2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案，2021考研的小伙伴可以参考真题，准备明年12月的考研初试。下面分享一份公共课书单，希望对大家有用：【英语书单】单词：闪过英语《考研词汇闪过》按重要程度划分了频考词、基础词、偶考词、超纲词，划重点，后期冲刺只背高频词和基础词，省时间。真题：《考研真相》（英语二：考研圣经）：一词一句讲解真题，重点词汇和每个句子都有详细讲解，不怕你看不懂，还有排除干扰项的方法，帮助提高答对率，适合基础弱的人。作文：英语一《写作160篇》/英语二《写作宝中宝》：通过词句段篇先教你学会写作文，再用三步作文法帮你拔高，专门针对基础薄弱的。【数学书单】《张宇真题大全解》：从94年到现在的真题都包括了，讲解很好，帮助研究数学题型。李永乐王式安660题：用这本书练习做题，都是经典题型！同济六版/七版《高等数学》上、下同济五版/六版《线性代数》课本：《线性代数》、《概率论》、《数理统计》【政治书单】官方红宝书（政治大纲解析）；风中劲草（三本书）、肖秀荣系列：精讲精练、1000题、讲真题、形势与政策、冲刺八套卷、最后四套卷；蒋中挺冲刺5套卷；启航20天20题

这位应该是考研党的数学大神，满分150分！2021年的考研成绩下来了，这位兄弟报考的是上海大学，其中，数学二得了满分150分！现在经济不景气，就业压力大，许多本科毕业生都会优选考研深造，根据教育部统计数据，2021年，全国研究生报名人数377万，较2020年的341万净增加36万人，创历史新高，这已经是自2017年以来的连续五年增长！2020年，全国研究生招生规模达到111.4万人，报录比为3.1：1。考研总分500分，各科满分如下：政治100分；英语100分；数学或专业基础150分；专业课150分。其中：管理类联考分数是300分（包括英语二100分，管理类综合200分）。尽管这位大神数学满分150，但有点偏科，尤其是政治，总分393分，也只排在第26名！考研数学分数学一、数学二和数学三，其中数学一最难！不过，在考研究生时，能够拿到数学满分，也是相当的不容易，实力满满，鹤立鸡群，值得点赞！

2019公共课，考研平均分以及难度系数公布了！这是教育部考试中心整理的官方数据，而且样本容量大、分析全面，因此具有很高的参考价值。难度系数如何计算如果90%的考生做对这道题，这道题的难度系数就是0.9，难度系数与难度成反比，即难度系数越小，难度越大。英语难度分析一、2019考研英语真题全国平均分 英语一 48.59分 难度系数0.486英语二 52.66分 难度系数0.527二、2019年考研英语难度分析 2019考研英语一抽取了326936名考生的试卷作统计分析，结果如下：从结果看，19考研英语一平均分与18年考研持平，试卷难度不变，标准差与信度也与前两年持平。但是阅读理解A节比18年要难，小作文比18年简单，大作文则更难，整体难度持平。这里我们可以看到考研试卷难度稳定，19年的试题质量很高，难度合理~这也说明考研公共课是很公平的，能够检测大家的真实水平，试题没有投机取巧的余地。英语二的统计数据包含262460位考生的成绩，结果如下：从以上表格可以看出，2017年-2019年英语二的试卷中，阅读理解部分和写作部分难度整体稳定，翻译部分难度较前两年略微提高，但是，A节要稍难于往年，B节比往年稍易。此外，今年英语增加的多事热点部分的词语，相信可能会围绕国际文化交流等出一些问题。数学难度分析2019考研数学真题全国平均分情况如下：数学一65.69 难度系数0.438 难度偏大数学二71.87 难度系数0.479 难度略大数学三76.80 难度系数0.512 难度适中这里将往年平均分一起作了一个对比，结果如下：对于数学来说，大小年的难度很明显：「奇数年较高，偶数年较低」。15年、17年、19年相对简单，16年、18年、20年则会相对难。大家也可发现，19考研数学一和18年持平，数学一二三难度有所分化。从往年数据来看，数学一和数学二在2020考研中难度会有所增大，但不必担心会难出天际，数学三难度应会略有提高，也不应变化太大，不必过于紧张。数学现在不论是二刷强化还是启动真题一刷，做错还是做对，都不要在意得了多少分，一定要将做过的题纳入自己的知识体系和思维结构，不断巩固和加强解题能力。记住：20考研数学是一场硬仗！，必须潜心钻研！政治难度分析首先声明：管理类联考是不考政治的。目前并没有公布平均分及难度系数，但2020政治考研大纲已经公布了，对比去年的考试大纲，只是做了微调。根据往年的数据，政治平均分基本在56~59分之间，人数最多的区间为60～70分。难度系数也是属于中度难度。政治往年的考试题型，16个单选，17个多选，五道分析题。从已发布的大纲来看政治题目也应当依旧稳定，选择题难度可以参考往年。不过，因为每年大题热点都不同的，具体还是要根据自身掌握程度，制定相关复习计划。公共课均分分析由以上列出的平均分以及以往的经验，我们可以简要分析一下各科公共课的特点：政治：政治的均分一般在65分左右，不管是985学校还是211学校，录取生中政治分数差别不大。因此建议大家65保底，往70+冲。当然如果专业是新闻等比较偏文科的专业，大家的政治水平都比较高，建议考到70+。英语：英语是一门你觉得大家都考65，但实际上别人个个70+的科目。因此如果你之前的目标是65的话，就请你再努努力了，65在211学校中属于一般水平，在985学校中甚至有些拖后腿了。数学：数学由于数一、数二、数三难度不同而有所差别；一般来说，985学校数学均分还是在120+的，对于211学校，数学均分也在100+的水平，看下自己有没有达到哦。需要注意的是，以上只是平均分，如果想在复试中有些竞争优势，这些分数可是不够的哦。总而言之，加油努力吧，分数越高越好!希望大家都能好好把握剩下的两个多月，争取一战成硕！

从不浪费时间的人没有工夫抱怨时间不够2020考研如火如荼地进行中，即使假期来临人心躁动，也不能动摇那颗想要复习的心！但今早的一条消息，让我坐不住了...2019公共课的考研平均分以及难度系数公布了！其实按照每年考研的难度，一般是有规律的。我们发现通过对往年统计数据，可以从中预测考研的难度趋势从而使复习进程更具针对性。01英语难度分析2020年的考研大纲在7月份就早早地公布了，可内容上，除了英语大纲增加了部分单词外，并没有太大的变化。大纲上，大作文和英语二是没有差别的，不过是历年真题考察的侧重点不同。英语一历年大作文都是考的漫画题，没有考过图表或者现象分析。一、2019考研英语真题全国平均分 英语一 48.59分 难度系数0.486英语二 52.66分 难度系数0.527二、2019年考研英语难度分析 2019考研英语一抽取了326936名考生的试卷作统计分析，结果如下：这里为大家稍微解释一下「试题难度」。通俗地说，60%的考生做对这道题，这道题的难度系数就是0.6，难度系数越小，代表难度越大。从结果看，19考研英语一平均分与18年考研持平，试卷难度不变，标准差与信度也与前两年持平。但是阅读理解A节比18年要难，小作文比18年简单，大作文则更难，整体难度持平。这里我们可以看到考研试卷难度稳定，19年的试题质量很高，难度合理~这也说明考研公共课是很公平的，能够检测大家的真实水平，试题没有投机取巧的余地。英语二的统计数据包含262460位考生的成绩，结果如下：从以上表格可以看出，2017年-2019年英语二的试卷中，阅读理解部分和写作部分难度整体稳定，翻译部分难度较前两年略微提高，但是，A节要稍难于往年，B节比往年稍易。此外，今年英语增加的多是热点部分的词语，相信可能会围绕国际文化交流等出一些问题。02数学难度分析2019考研数学真题全国平均分情况如下：数学一65.69 难度系数0.438 难度偏大数学二71.87 难度系数0.479 难度略大数学三76.80 难度系数0.512 难度适中这里将往年平均分一起作了一个对比，结果如下：对于数学来说，大小年的难度很明显：「奇数年较高，偶数年较低」。15年、17年、19年相对简单，16年、18年、20年则会相对难。大家也可发现，19考研数学一和18年持平，数学一二三难度有所分化。从往年数据来看，数学一和数学二在2020考研中难度会有所增大，但不必担心会难出天际，16年平均分低出了新境界，当时可是一片骂声啊...其难度估计也是后无来者了，所以大家要辩证分析。数学三难度应会略有提高，也不应变化太大，不必过于紧张。数学现在不论是二刷强化还是启动真题一刷，做错还是做对，都不要在意得了多少分，一定要将做过的题纳入自己的知识体系和思维结构，不断巩固和加强解题能力。记住：「20考研数学是一场硬仗！」，必须潜心钻研！03政治难度分析首先声明：管理类联考是不考政治的。2020政治考研大纲已经公布了，对比去年的考试大纲，只是做了微调。可惜的是，并没有公布平均分及难度系数，根据往年的数据，政治平均分基本在56~59分之间，人数最多的区间为60～70分。难度系数也是属于中度难度。政治往年的考试题型，16个单选，17个多选，五道分析题。从已发布的大纲来看政治题目也应当依旧稳定，选择题难度可以参考往年。不过，因为每年大题热点都不同的，具体还是要根据自身掌握程度，制定相关复习计划。对2020考生最后3个月的复习建议 1、网报倒计时10天！每年都有考生“死”在不同的阶段，「网上报名后，忘记缴费」，「现场确认拖到最后一天才去，结果资料不全」，「现场确认拖到最后一天才去，结果资料不全」「你以为某高校竞争太激烈，却没看到今年它增加了招生名额」等等。考研是一场信息战，很多信息需要收集，而且需要你辨别真伪。2、我们经常会看别人的备考经验，然后借鉴成功的部分，变成自己的。但是每个人的学习方法和时间安排大不不同，有的人在考前可以复习4轮，刷5年真题3套模拟，这个不一定适用于你。所以大家一定要根据自己的工作学习特征，合理制定复习计划。3、手机尤其是考研复习期间的绊脚石，本来是想用手机看在线课程的，可结果呢，微信一响就想看看，新消息通知又想点点。手机在身旁真的会非常影响学习效果，除非你有强大的自控力。4、考研最宝贵的复习资料就是历年真题，有不少同学总是有个误区总觉得真题要留到最后去做。其实你一边复习就可以一边做真题、研究真题，而且在强化、冲刺阶段一定要反复的去研究真题，把真题做个三四遍，这样进考场才会比较有底气。请记住，坚持下去是唯一的办法，是通向梦想唯一的出路，考研真的需要坚持。来源 | MEM网2020年，这12所新增的985/211院校率先公布招生简章，复旦在列