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1997年考研英语写作题型分析和范文—本文是介绍烟草的图片题型凤还巢

1997年考研英语写作题型分析和范文—本文是介绍烟草的图片题型

原题:Directions:Study the following set of pictures carefully and write an essay in no less than 120 words.Your essay must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)Your essay should cover all the information provided and meet the requirements below:Interpret the following pictures.Predict the tendency of tobacco consumption and give your reasons.审题谋篇1997年的作文看起来非常简单,是我们非常熟悉的吸烟问题,似乎每个人都能就此发表自己的观点。实则不然,这篇文章有几个暗含的难点。首先,与往年不同,本年度的图表比较复杂,包含四幅图画。第一幅图是1994年与1995年世界烟草总产量的一个比较图;第二幅图是一个扇形图,说明烟民占世界人口的比例(在此,我们可以看到这个比例是非常高的,言外之意,对吸烟的控制将不是一件轻而易举的事情);第三幅图和第四幅图分别显示吸烟带来的经济损失和人员损失之大,进一步说明控制吸烟势在必行。考生看了四幅图后,首先应该做的一件事情就是寻找四幅图之间的逻辑联系和内在线索,而不是简单地依次描述四幅图。其次,本作文另外一个难点就是文章的重点或落脚点比较隐蔽,也就是在文章提纲的第二点要求上:预测烟草消费的趋势并给出原因。基于以上的分析,这篇文章最好分为两段或者三段。第一段段首可以着重利用后两幅图,论述吸烟的危害性,段末部分使用第一幅图点出文章的中心:烟草消费量可能下降的趋势。文章第二段可着重论述这种消费下降趋势的原因。考生也可以在第二段段首点明烟草消费下降的趋势,进而阐述原因。范文使用第二种方法。考生可以根据实际情况,增加一个第三段,客观地分析烟草消费量下降不是一件容易的事,在此可以利用第三幅图,说明烟民占世界总人口的比例较大,控制吸烟不是一件容易的事情。二、参考范文It goes without saying that tobacco consumption and tobacco instry have always been a hot-debated issue in our society. With the increasing scope of the tobacco instry, more and more people become addicted to smoking. The tremendous tobacco consumption not only causes vast economic losses but also threatens people’s health. The annual economic loss e to tobacco consumption amounts to 200 billion US dollars, and meanwhile 3 million people worldwide lose their lives because of smoking-related diseases.To our great relief, there is a tendency of declining in tobacco consumption—the year between 1994 and 1995, as indicated by chart 1, witnessed a drop in total tobacco proction in the world, declining from 14.364 million pounds in 1994 to 14.2 million pounds in 1995. The reason that more and more people begin to quit smoking is mainly people’s increasing awareness of the harmful effects of tobacco. If this trend can be maintained, the number of people dying of smoking-related diseases can be significantly reced. Therefore, great efforts should be made by people in all walks of the society to stop smoking.Needless to say, no easy solution can be found to solve the smoking problem. To begin with, the percentage of smokers is too large: according to a survey, there are 1.2 billion tobacco consumers in the world, accounting for approximately 20 percent of the world population. It wouldn’t be an easy task to persuade such a large amount of people to give up their smoking habits, especially the heavy smokers. In addition, tobacco instry still plays a very important role in the development of the economy. As a consequence, only with concerted efforts of all people, can this problem be properly dealt with.三、范文点评文章结构:从结构上看,该范文对提纲做出适当调整,分为三段而不是两段。第一段采用了先总后分的写作方法,段首先对图画做出总体评价,进而指出烟草业和吸烟对人类社会的危害。第二段段首和上段形成对比,段首指出这种现象有所改变:烟草消费数量有所下降,进而结合图表,指出这种下降的原因何在。第三段采用总—分—总的写作方法,段首为主题句,指出吸烟问题解决起来并没有那么容易,段落中使用To begin with和In addition从两个方面进行论证,段尾对本段进行了总结。语言亮点:1. hot-debated issue:“讨论的热点”,还可以说widely-discussed issue。2. become addicted to:或be addicted to上瘾。例如:More and more young people become addicted to on-line chatting.(越来越多的年轻人着迷于网上聊天)。3. annual:每年的,近义词为yearly。Every year为副词,相当于annually。4. e to:“因为”,如:Most accidents are e to driving at high speed.(大部分事故是由于高速驾驶造成的)。类似的表达有:because of, on account of, as result of, in consequence of, caused by等。5. amount to:“达到(某数量),到…之多”。这是一个图表题中经常使用的结构,例如:Expenses on food amount to 30% of every Chinese family’s income.(用于食物的开支占每个中国家庭收入的30%)。类似的表达有:add up to, come to, total, sum up等。6. meanwhile:与此同时。词性为副词,相当于at the same time。7. smoking-related diseases:与吸烟有关的疾病。8. (much)to one’s great relief:使某人大为放心,使某人深感宽慰。9. witness:“时间+experience /see /witness +变化+在哪方面”可用来表达某段时间发生的变化。10. The reason that... is... :用reason接从句表原因有两种方式:一种是范文中的用法the reason (that)(定语从句)... is(that)...,另一种是the reason why(接同位语从句)... is that...,如:The reason why we cook food much faster today is that the changes in food preparation methods(今天我们烹饪食物的速度提高了很多的原因是在准备食物的方法上有了变化)。11. maintain:保持。例如:If the present rate of economic increase can be maintained, the majority of Chinese will live a well-off life in the middle of the 21st century.(如果中国经济增长能保持目前的速度,21世纪中叶,大部分中国人就能过上小康生活)。12. in all walks of the society:“社会的各个方面”,又如:men in all walks of life(各行各业的人)。13. To begin with:首先,相当于first of all或first(ly)。14. account for:(在数量、比例方面)占。例如:Farmers account for about 80% of the total population of China.(农民占中国总人口的约80%。)15. In addition:而且,再者。相当于What’s more。16. concerted:“商定的,共同计划或完成的”,如:We made a concerted effort to solve the problem.(我们一起努力解决了这个问题)四、写作误区篇章结构误区:生硬的图表罗列是本题写作的第一个误区。任何形式的图表作文,考试的目的都不是单纯的描写,而是要抓住图表之间的内在联系。如果只是罗列现象、描写图表,就会犯言之无物的错误,难以展开有力有效的分析。本题写作的第二个误区是跑题,因为很多考生一看到题目,就理所当然地认为这是非常熟悉的“吸烟有害健康”主题的文章,便开始大谈吸烟的危害、主动吸烟、被动吸烟,及至如何降低吸烟对社会及个人造成的危害,等等。考生犯这样的错误说明没有审清楚题,题目的要求有两点:解释图片;预测烟草消费的趋势并给出原因。换句话说,这样的考生没有意识到或者根本没有看清楚第二个要求。语言表达错误:①用词不当:The other reason is that smoking is forbidden in the popular areas in more and more countries.(The other reason is that smoking is forbidden in public areas in more and more countries.)Thus I think the tendency of world tobacco consumption is descend.(Thus I think the tendency of world tobacco consumption is to decrease.)②动词误用:Even the strongest method can’t decline the number of smokers.(Even the toughest method can’t make the number of smokers decline.)③连词误用:Because of the tendency of tobacco consumption, I think the number of cigarette smokers is rising in some developing countries.(As far as the tendency of tobacco consumption is concerned, I think the number of cigarette smokers is rising in some developing countries.)④冠词错误:For above-mentioned reasons, I believe the consumption of tobacco will decrease and all problems it causes will be solved.(For all the above-mentioned reasons, I believe the consumption of tobacco will decrease and all the problems it causes will be solved.)⑤主谓搭配错误:More and more people believe smoking do harm to health, waste money.(More and more people believe smoking does harm to health, and is a waste of money.)⑥中式英语:From the pictures, we first know that there are a lot of smoking people in the world.(From the pictures, we first know that there are a lot of smokers in the world.)⑦句意笼统:You can see the number from the chart, which make you think deeply of the harm of smoking. (It can be seen from the chart that there are 200 billion dollars’ loss and 3 million deaths resulting from smoking.)

谜中迷

考研英语复习:英一真题超详细使用方法!速看

英语真题要从最早的年份做起。我是19考研,当时英语一的真题是从97-18,我就把从97年开始的真题挨个做了一遍。不过新版的真题年份会有变化,我特意找来,下面就结合21版的真题书说说英语真题从哪做,怎么做。我用的真题书是《考研真相》,这本是我考研的时候一直用的,相比较其他书只是分析讲解长难句,这本每个句子都有讲解,我考的时候是文字讲解那种,新版的是句句图解,会更好用。新版真题书分成三部分:基础加强版(2001-2007):共7套高分突破版(2008-2014):共7套考前冲刺版(2015-2020):共6套顺着年份做就可以。复习时间和任务安排3月-6月:做基础加强版,只做4篇常规阅读这段时间还在上课,有些小伙伴可能还要实习,估计也没有太多时间复习考研,所以任务不太重,尽量保证一周做1-2篇,做完之后仔细分析文章。如果时间多,做的快,那就再刷第二遍。7月-8月:做高分突破版,还是只做4篇阅读暑假开始复习时间就比较多啦,可以保证一天一篇,做完且分析。可以把高分突破版做2遍,做不完可以留到开学继续做。9月-10月:依旧做高分突破版,其他题型除作文外也加入复习再把这7套真题阅读刷一遍,完型,新题型,翻译可以每天做一套,也可以按照题型专项训练。11月-12月:做考前冲刺版,准备作文先整理作文模板,心里有大致的写作思路,然后把之前真题的作文部分挨着练一遍。考研冲刺版要严格按照考试时间做,每道题都在规定时间内完成。合理安排做题时间,在保证效率的同时提高正确率。做完对照答案估计自己客观题的分数,基本跟最后考试的分数相差不大。一周做一套就可以,做完认真分析每道题,查缺补漏。说明:1基础版的真题因为时间太远,不管是命题思路还是解题方法跟现在的差别都比较大,所以复习重点要放在学语法,背单词,补基础上。2高分突破版的真题比较有价值,不光要分析文章也要研究题目。3考研冲刺版一定留到最后做模考,如果觉得6套太多,留3套也可以。每年都有很多人一口气把真题刷干净了,最后几天没题可做,也不知道自己复习到什么程度,一脸懵逼的上考场,一脸懵逼的考砸。真题书怎么用?我直接根据自己之前的复习方法和新版的真题书说下使用方法。新版的《考研真相》有3个部分组成:仿真排版的试题,试题解析册,逐句精讲册(改版后新加的)。所以做真题可以从以下3步着手:第一步:做真题1直接用仿真排版的真题,一篇阅读建议18分钟内做完。考试能分到每篇阅读的时间就是这么多,一开始就卡着时间做,这样后面就不用担心做不完。2做的时候尽量用铅笔,或者拿一张白纸,标清题号,把答案写在上面。3做题的时候先题后文,先用1-2分钟浏览题目,注意题目中的定位信息,然后回原文找定位段,一般出题顺序跟行文顺序是一致的。然后开始做题,严格在定位段内找答案,看一道题目读对应的原文,这样可以降低其他段落对题目的干扰。做完题花1-2分钟检查浏览,看有没有答案需要调整。4做题的时候不认识的单词可以标注出来。第二步:分析文章1拿出逐句精讲册,按照上面的图解分析梳理每个句子。我看了下,这个图解很有条理,比如一个句子的主干是什么,一级修饰是什么,二级修饰是什么,这样一拆分再看中文翻译就很清楚,看多了你会发现有些修饰成分对句子大意没啥影响,就是为了增加长度,下次自己分析就可以直接删掉。有时间的话可以自己先拆分图解,翻译,然后对照解析,没时间就直接看书上的。2然后把文章里不会的单词都查出来,这个逐句册里也有标注,而且还区分了重要程度。把标注的掌握了,剩下的即便不认识对理解文章影响也不大,尽量减少记忆量嘛。如果有的单词你确实不认识,少了它句子大意也理解不明白,那还是建议查一下。3在理解文章基础上尝试总结一下每段的主要内容,重点关注这几个问题:①这段讲什么②跟上下段有什么关系③传达出的感情色彩是正面的还是负面的④这个情感倾向是作者本人的还是作者的举例。第三步:分析题目1终于要用试题解析册啦,新版的解析是表格形式的,我超爱这种条理清楚的解题方法。主要是用两种路径找到答案,如果正向从题目找不出来,那就反着从选项入手,一一排除。根据我的经验,排除干扰项的方法比较快,准确率也高,可以直接用这个。2顺着书上的解析分析每个选项为什么对,为什么错。正确选项在原文哪里,是直接的原文重现,还是稍加改写,还是改动比较大,大部分是稍加改写。错误选项是怎么设置的,是无中生有,还是原文各种信息的拼凑,或者是加了反义词,这几个是比较常见的干扰项设置方法。多总结,就会发现,套路就那么几种。不管什么时候做真题都按照这样的流程,时间可能比较久,开始做也不容易,可能光分析文章就要花一下午,这就是为啥真题要刷3遍。最后说一下考试的时间安排和做题顺序,可参考1.大小作文:50分钟,其中大作文30分钟,小作文20分钟,不要养成打草稿的习惯,因为没有时间,字不好看的现在就开始练。2.阅读:1小时,每篇15分钟。3.新题型:10分钟4.翻译:30分钟5.完型:15分钟剩下的15分钟检查答题卡,不确定的答案再斟酌。关于考研英语真题怎么做,什么时候做都分享在这里啦,祝大家考研成功!

口将营之

2020年考研英语一真题及答案解析(完整版)

2020考研英语已经结束,2020考研英语真题已经公布,以下是金程考研第一时间为大家带来2020考研英语一真题,看看自己考得怎么样!剩下的考试加油呀,在考研路上,金程考研与大家并肩前行!2020年考研英语一真题及答案解析(完整版)

吉原

1997年考研英语阅读第四篇—本文是一篇关于大众传媒题材的文章

原文+翻译:No company likes to be told it is contributing to the moral decline of a nation.没有一家公司乐意听到别人说自己引起了社会的道德败坏。“Is this what you intended to accomplish with your careers?” Senator Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week. “You have sold your souls, but must you corrupt our nation and threaten our children as well?”参议员罗伯特·多尔上星期质问时代—华纳公司管理人员时说:“难道这就是你们要成就的事业吗?你们已经出卖了自己的灵魂,难道还非要败坏我们的国家、威胁我们的孩子不成?”At Time Warner, however, such questions are simply the latest manifestation of the soul-searching that has involved the company ever since the company was born in 1990.不过,对于成立于1990年的时代—华纳而言,这样的质问仅仅是公司进行反思的最新表现,It’s a self-examination that has, at various times, involved issues of responsibility, creative freedom and the corporate bottom line.是一种自我反省,在不同时代已涉及到责任、创作自由和公司底线等不同问题。At the core of this debate is chairman Gerald Levin, 56, who took over for the late Steve Ross in 1992. On the financial front, Levin is under pressure to raise the stock price and rece the company’s mountainous debt,56岁的现任董事长杰拉德·列文是争论的焦点人物,他于1992年接替已故董事长斯蒂夫·罗斯。财政方面,他承受着使股价升值,减少公司巨额债务的压力。which will increase to $17.3 billion after two new cable deals close. He has promised to sell off some of the property and restructure the company, but investors are waiting impatiently.在两笔新的有线电视交易谈妥后,公司债务将达到173亿美元。他也允诺出售部分资产并对公司进行重组,但现在投资者们仍在焦急地等待着。The flap over rap is not making life any easier for him.人们对说唱音乐的焦虑并没使他的日子好过一些。Levin has consistently defended the company’s rap music on the grounds of expression.列文一向以表现方式为理由来捍卫公司的说唱音乐。In 1992, when Time Warner was under fire for releasing Ice-T’s violent rap song Cop Killer, Levin described rap as a lawful expression of street culture, which deserves an outlet.1992年公司因出品Ice-T乐队暴力的说唱歌曲《警察杀手》后倍受谴责时,列文却将说唱音乐描述为街头文化的合法表达方式,并说它应该有自己的宣泄途径。“The test of any democratic society,” he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column, “lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be. We won’t retreat in the face of any threats.”他在《华尔街日报》一篇专栏文章中写道:“对任何一个民主社会的检验,不在于它能多有效的控制情感的表达,而在于是否给予了人们最广泛的思考和表达自由,尽管有时这种结果会引起争论和愤怒。我们不会在任何威胁面前退却。”Levin would not comment on the debate last week, but there were signs that the chairman was backing off his hard-line stand, at least to some extent.列文不愿对上周的辩论做任何评论,但有迹象表明,这位懂事长至少在某种程度上放弃了自己强硬的立场。During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month’s stockholders’ meeting, Levin asserted that “music is not the cause of society’s ills” and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students.在上个月就摇滚乐的歌词进行讨论的股东会议上,列文宣称“音乐不是社会问题的病因”,他甚至还以自己的儿子为例,他儿子是纽约州布朗克斯的一名教师,上课时用说唱的形式与学生进行交流。But he talked as well about the “balanced struggle” between creative freedom and social responsibility, and he announced that the company would launch a drive to develop standards for distribution and labeling of potentially objectionable music.但他也谈到了创作自由和社会责任之间要“保持平衡”的问题,还宣布对一些可能令人反感的音乐,公司将致力于制定一套发行和标识的标准。The 15-member Time Warner board is generally supportive of Levin and his corporate strategy.一般来说,时代—华纳公司的15位董事是支持列文和他为公司制定的经营策略的。But insiders say several of them have shown their concerns in this matter.但内部人士透露其中几位对此事表示担忧。“Some of us have known for many, many years that the freedoms under the First Amendment are not totally unlimited,” says Luce. “I think it is perhaps the case that some people associated with the company have only recently come to realize this.”“我们中的一些人多年来一直知道,《宪法》第一修正案所规定的自由并非毫无限制”,鲁斯说,“我认为与公司有关系的一些人可能最近才意识到这一点”。试题:51. Senator Robert Dole criticized Time Warner for.[A] its raising of the corporate stock price[B] its self-examination of soul[C] its neglect of social responsibility[D] its emphasis on creative freedom52. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?[A] Luce is a spokesman of Time Warner.[B] Gerald Levin is liable to compromise.[C] Time Warner is united as one in the face of the debate.[D] Steve Ross is no longer alive.53. In face of the recent attacks on the company, the chairman.[A] stuck to a strong stand to defend freedom of expression[B] softened his tone and adopted some new policy[C] changed his attitude and yielded to objection[D] received more support from the 15-member board54. The best title for this passage could be.[A] A Company under Fire[B] A Debate on Moral Decline[C] A Lawful Outlet of Street Culture[D] A Form of Creative Freedom答案:CDBA

银白

南宁师范大学综合英语考研真题详解——才聪学习网

考研真题精选一、选择题1. Derivational morpheme contrasts sharply with inflectional morpheme in that the former changes the _____ while the latter does not.(北二外2017研)A. meaningB. word classC. formD. speech sound【答案】B查看答案【解析】morpheme语素,分为自由语素和黏着语素,其中黏着语素包括词根和词缀两种类型,词缀分为派生词缀(derivational affixes)和屈折词缀(inflectional affixes)。派生词缀黏附在词根语素上构成新词,也即增加了新的词汇义内容或改变了词的类别归属。屈折词缀只能改变一个词的形式,不能构成新词。也即屈折词缀增加的是表示句法范畴的意义,并且总是不改变词的类别归属。即两者重要区别在于是否改变了词的类别,故B为正确答案。2. Which of the following are homographs?(对外经贸2015)A. lead, leadB. rest, wrestC. lie, lieD. beat, bit【答案】C查看答案【解析】homographs同形异义词,指在语法形式上拼写和发音完全相同,而意义不同的词。lie“躺着”,还有“说谎”的意思,所以C选项中两个词是同形异义词。3. _____ deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world experience.(西安交大2008研)A. ReferenceB. ConceptC. SemanticsD. Sense【答案】A查看答案【解析】指称指拥有某些属性的具体实体,它处理的是语言元素与非语言世界的关系。4. There are generally three kinds of sense relations recognized, sameness relation, oppositeness relation and inclusiveness relation. They are represented by ______ respectively.(大连外国语学院2008研)A. synonymy, antonymy, and hyponymyB. synonymy, hyponymy, and antonymyC. antonymy, synonymy, and hyponymy【答案】A查看答案【解析】有三种涵义关系,分别为同义关系,反义关系和上下义关系。5. Which of the following best states the behaviorist view, of child language acquisition?(北二外2015研)A. Language acquisition is a process of habit formation.B. Language acquisition is the species-specific property of human beings.C. Children are born with an innate ability to acquire language.D. Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use.【答案】A查看答案【解析】本题考查儿童语言习得的行为主义观点。行为主义观点认为语言习得是通过刺激-强化所形成习惯的过程。选项C是天赋假说的观点。Unit 1一、词汇短语Text 1Vocabularyvain [vein] adj.无益的,徒劳的;自负的;爱虚荣的n.徒劳,白费【例句】Trying to persuade him is a vain attempt. 试图说服他是徒劳的。【词组】in vain/vain efforts徒劳【助记】男:“我爱你”。女:“无效的”。approach [E5prEutF] n.方法,步骤,途径;探讨vt.接近,靠近;动手处理;找…商量vi.靠近【例句】This approach has many problems. 这条思路有许多问题。【词组】make an approach to 对…进行探讨approach with 以…方式处理;向…提出建议【助记】源自pro: 支持,正面,优点,肯定;音:阿婆肉吃,阿婆有肉吃,大家都接近靠近阿婆等着吃。【派生】approachable adj.亲切的;可接近的rehearse [ri5hE:s] v.排练,排演;讲述(某事物),(尤指)自述,背诵;(通过排演)指导或训练(某人)【例句】He rehearsed his speech last night. 他昨晚练习了他的讲演。【助记】排演热(re)门戏,听(hear)着瑟(se)声起。【派生】rehearsal n.排演;预演;练习;训练;叙述autograph [5C:tE^rB:f] n.亲笔,手稿;亲笔签vt.亲笔签名于…;亲笔书写【例句】①Tina got Jake Dean’s autograph. 蒂娜得到了詹克蒂恩的亲笔签名。②I autographed a copy of one of my books. 我在我的一本书上签了名。【词组】ask for a person’s autograph请某人签名【派生】autographic adj.亲笔的,亲笔写成的award [E5wC:d] n.奖,奖品;仲裁vt.授予,奖给;判定【例句】He was awarded a gold cup in acknowledgment of his creative achievements for the development of the company.公司奖给他一个金杯,以感谢他为公司发展所做出的创造性成就。boring [5bC:riN] n.钻孔adj.令人厌烦的,乏味的,无聊的【例句】John Wilkinson invented a new kind of boring machine in 1775. 约翰·威尔金森在1775年发明了新型钻孔机。attendance [E5tendEns] n.照顾;出席,出席次(人)数;护理,照料【例句】She is in attendance on the sick man. 她在照顾病人。【词组】attendance at 出席in attendance 出席;值班;负责attendance rate 出勤率【助记】attend(出席)+ance(名词后缀)geography [dVi5C^rEfi] n.地理学,地理;地形【例句】In our geography class, we are learning about rivers. 我们正在地理课上学习有关河流的知识。oppose [E5pEuz] v.反对,(使)反抗,抗争【例句】He got angry when I opposed his plan. 当我反对他的计划时,他很生气。【词组】be opposed to sth./ doing sth. 反对做某事【助记】op(相反)+pose(放)→处于相反的【派生】opposite adj.相反的;对面的;对立的opposite n.对立面;反义词opposition n.反对;反对派;在野党;敌对totally [5tRt(E)lI] adv.统统;完全【例句】The rampart was destroyed totally. 壁垒被彻底摧毁了。【词组】totally different 完全不同【派生】totality n.全体;总数humble [5hQmbl] adj.谦卑的,恭顺的;地位低下的v.使谦卑;贬低,降低【例句】He rose from humble origins to prime minister. 他出身卑微,后来成了首相。【词组】to humble oneself 自卑,低声下气to humble one’s heart 谦恭,温顺【助记】hum(human)+ble(联想:able)→人能做的是谦虚。field [fi:ld] n.田野;运动场;领域,范围;(电或磁)场vi.担任场外队员adj.扫描场;田赛的;野生的vt.把暴晒于场上;使上场【例句】Our field of vision is limited by that tall building. 我们的视野受到了那座高层建筑物的限制。settle [5setl] v.安定,安顿;停息;定居;解决,调停【例句】Having settled things, he began to think over the next subject. 把事情安顿好之后,他开始考虑下一个课题。【词组】settle down定居;平静下来麻烦大家关注+点赞,谢谢!!本文由【才聪学习网】原创,关注我了解更多考试资料!

磁器口

1997年考研英语阅读第三篇—本文是一篇关于“物质滥用”的文章

原文+翻译:Technically, any substance other than food that alters our bodily or mental functioning is a drug.从专业角度说,除食品外,任何能改变我们生理和心理机能的物质都是药物。Many people mistakenly believe the term drug refers only to some sort of medicine or an illegal chemical taken by drug addicts.很多人错误地认为“药物”一词仅仅指某些药品或是吸毒者服用的违禁化学品。They don’t realize that familiar substances such as alcohol and tobacco are also drugs.他们没有意识到诸如酒精、烟草这些我们熟悉的物质也是药物。This is why the more neutral term substance is now used by many physicians and psychologists.这就是为什么现在许多内科医生和心理学家使用“物质”这个更加中性的词。The phrase “substance abuse” is often used instead of “drug abuse” to make clear that substances such as alcohol and tobacco can be just as harmfully misused as heroin and cocaine.他们常用“物质滥用”而不用“药物滥用”来清楚表示滥用酒精、烟草这样的物质可能如同滥用海洛因和可卡因一样有害。We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves.我们生活在一个物质(药物)在医疗和社交方面使用广泛的社会里:用来缓解头痛的阿斯匹林,用来应酬的酒,早晨用来提神的咖啡,还有定神用的香烟。When do these socially acceptable and apparently constructive uses of a substance become misuses?使用这些物质得到了社会认可,且显然具有积极的作用,但什么时候就变成滥用了呢?First of all, most substances taken in excess will proce negative effects such as poisoning or intense perceptual distortions.首先,大多数物质的过量使用都会产生负面影响,如中毒或严重的知觉错乱。Repeated use of a substance can also lead to physical addiction or substance dependence.反复使用一种物质可以导致成瘾或对该物质的依赖。Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance,依赖的最初表现是不断增长的耐药量,with more and more of the substance required to proce the desired effect,要产生预期的效果需要的药剂量越来越大,and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.然后是一旦中断使用就会出现难受的停药症状。Drugs (substances) that affect the central nervous system and alter perception, mood, and behavior are known as psychoactive substances.影响中枢神经系统,改变知觉、情绪和行为的药物(物质)被称为精神活性物质Psychoactive substances are commonly grouped according to whether they are stimulants, depressants, or hallucinogens.它们通常按照功能被分为兴奋剂、镇静剂和幻觉剂。Stimulants initially speed up or activate the central nervous system,兴奋剂主要起到加速或激活中枢神经系统的作用,whereas depressants slow it down.而镇静剂则减缓它的活动。Hallucinogens have their primary effect on perception, distorting and altering it in a variety of ways including procing hallucinations.幻觉剂主要影响人的知觉,通过多种方式扭曲或改变知觉,其中包括产生幻觉。These are the substances often called psychedelic (from the Greek word meaning “mind-manifesting”) because they seemed to radically alter one’s state of consciousness.这些物质常被认为能“引起幻觉”(psychedelic一词源于希腊语,意为“心灵显现”),因为它们似乎能彻底改变人的意识状态。试题:51. “Substance abuse” (Line 5, Paragraph 1) is preferable to “drug abuse” in that.[A] substances can alter our bodily or mental functioning if illegally used [B] “drug abuse” is only related to a limited number of drug takers[C] alcohol and tobacco are as fatal as heroin and cocaine[D] many substances other than heroin or cocaine can also be poisonous52. The word “pervasive” (Line 1, Paragraph 2) might mean.[A] widespread[B] overwhelming[C] piercing[D] fashionable53. Physical dependence on certain substances results from.[A] uncontrolled consumption of them over long periods of time[B] exclusive use of them for social purposes[C] quantitative application of them to the treatment of diseases[D] careless employment of them for unpleasant symptoms54. From the last paragraph we can infer that.[A] stimulants function positively on the mind[B] hallucinogens are in themselves harmful to health[C] depressants are the worst type of psychoactive substances[D] the three types of psychoactive substances are commonly used in groups答案:DAAB

莫然吾魂

考研英语:1994~1999年真题作文全解析

这一篇小文,小编就给大家解析一下1994~1999年考研英语的六篇作文,帮助大家更好地把握考研英语的写作思路和选题走向。#考研英语#1994年真题作文部分1994年这一年考察的是提纲作文。不仅给出了文章的题目、时间要求(40分钟)、字数要求(120~150词),还给出了首段(As a human being,one can hardly do without a friend.)和内容提纲,所以从这个角度来看,难度不是特别大。文章的话题是:“友情”;标题是“On Making Friends”;主题词是“friendship”。文章结构大体可以分为三段:其一是“朋友的重要性”,其二是“真正的友谊”,其三是“我交朋友的原则”。作文分值15分。Ture friendship lies in sincerity of both parts,and only sincere friends will give us a hand when we need help.真正的友谊是建立在相互真诚的基础上,也只有真诚的朋友才会在我们需要帮助的时候伸出援助之手。 1995年真题作文部分1995年这一年考察的也是提纲作文。同样给出了文章的题目、时间要求(40分钟)、字数要求(120~150词),也给出了文章的第一句话(ecational plays a very important role in the modernization of our country.)和内容提纲。文章的话题是“希望工程”;标题和主题词都是“Project Hope”。文章的结构可以分为三段:其一是“教育的现状”,其二是“希望工程的必要性”,其三是“我的看法和建议”。作文分值15分。The government should take effective measures and people should give more support to ensure that every child can receive elementary ecation.政府应该采取有效的措施,人们也应该给予更多的支持,从未让每一个孩子都能接受到基础教育。 1996年真题作文部分1996年这一年考察的是提纲作文。给出了作文的标题、时间要求(40分钟)、字数要求(120~150词),文章的首句(The desire for good health is universal.)和内容提纲。文章的话题是“保持健康”;标题是“Good Health”,主题词是“keep healthy”。文章的结构可以分为三段:其一是“保持健康的重要性”,其二是“保持健康的方法”,其三是“我的保持健康的建议”。作文分值15分。In a way,keeping healthy is not very hard.从某种程度上说,保持健康并不是非常困难的事情。 1997年真题作文部分1997年这一年考察的是图表作文。题目除了图表和漫画外,还给出了写作的思路。不过没有了时间的要求,字数要求是不得少于120词。文章的话题是“吸烟”;标题自拟,主题词是“smoking、cigarette”。图表作文的结构一般也是固定的,以这篇文章为例,一般分为三段:第一段是图表的内容进行简单描述,第二段是对图表反映的现象或情况进行说明,阐明重要性或者危害性,第三段是给出看法和建议。作文分值15分。Smoking is responsible for many fatal diseases such as lung cancer,heart disease and so on.吸烟会导致诸如肺癌、心脏病等很多致命性的疾病。1998年真题作文部分1998年这一年考察的是漫画作文。值得一提的是要求中字数由之前的不少于120词变成了不少于150词。除了漫画,照样给出了写作的思路。这篇文章的话题是“虚假广告”;标题自拟,主题词是“misleading and cheating advertisements”。文章的结构可以分为三段:第一段对漫画的内容进行描述,第二段指出这一问题的现状,即当今存在很多这样“虚假广告”的问题,一直在欺骗和误导消费者,第三段指出自己的建议,可以从政府、社会、个人三个角度简单地说一说。作文分值15分。Doing more is better than promising more.做比承诺更为重要。1999年真题作文部分1999年这一年考察的是图表作文。写作的相关要求和去年是一致的,即不少于150词的字数要求。文章的话题是“人口数量和物种灭绝数量的关系”;标题自拟,主题词图表中已经给出,分别是“the ups and downs of population growth”和“species extinction over time”。文章的结构可以分为三段:第一段通过表格指出人口数量和物种灭绝数量的关系,即如图所示,美国人口数量的增长导致了物种数量的急剧下降,一些物种已经灭绝;第二段说一说造成这种现象的可能原因,比如全球变暖、人类的猎杀等等;第三段提出自己的一些建议,也可以从国家、社会、个人三个角度来谈。作文分值15分。what is worse,with the development of instrialization,the natural balance and the ecologic environment are destroyed,which will make some of the wildlife become homeless and extinct.更严重的是,伴随着工业化的发展,自然的平衡和生态环境被破坏,从而导致许多的野生动物无家可归,甚至走向灭亡。考研英语是很难的早期的真题其实没必要太抠细节,但是出题者的思路和技法还是可以了解了解的,这毕竟是真题,肯定比市面上任何一位老师的模拟题要好,所以建议同学们可以在复习的初期做一做,或者在最后无题可做的时候做一做。(推荐陈正康老师的《真题超精读》,讲得很细致,不过买的时候一定要看清楚自己考的是英语一还是英语二,2004年是不分一二的。)“满大街都是本科生!”你凭什么这么说?考研政治,“反对外国侵略的斗争”专项选择题易错考点汇总

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最新超全!考研英语真题排行榜(英一篇)

考研就像上战场,没有一件适合自己的兵器怎么行呢?但是市面上的参考书太多了,尤其英语这种老大难的公共课,到底什么样的书才是适合自己的?下面就来给大家列出,考研英语真题排行榜,帮你找到适合自己的参考书~TOP6《考研英语真题100篇》1这本书的内容讲解很丰富,100篇中的前50篇都是一字一句地讲解,而且所有的句子都有句子图解。2书中文章讲解的间隙有单词注释,本意是方便同学们理解文章,但是字号有点小了,看起来比较费功夫。3各个题型也没有特别系统的解题方法,仅对试题选项进行了分析,讲解稍稍有些繁琐。4真题不是很全,仅挑了100篇作讲解,考研肯定是要把真题都过一遍的,所以这本显得有点鸡肋。TOP5《真题真练》1全真考场排版,字号,字边距,页面布局都是严格按照考试要求来的,还配备了答题卡。虽然很多书也说自己是仿真排版,但考过就会发现,多少有些出入,这个就完全不会。2价格便宜。四十多块钱,真的太便宜了!3答案讲解也很详细,每道题都有详细的选项分析,告诉你选什么,为什么,讲的还是很有条理的,很易懂的。4文章没有讲解,只有译文。这个书主要是为了刷题,所以文章讲解方面比较粗糙,如果想要认真梳理文章,积累语法和单词就不太够用了。5单色印刷,看起来不是很清晰。TOP4《考研英语(一)真题超精读》1书中对真题文章的每一句都进行了解析,对必考词汇进行了注释。但句子讲解不是特别详细,语法讲解较简单,且均为文字讲解,稍显枯燥。2试题讲解比较详细,可以不断修正自己的做题思路。3双色印刷,中英对照双栏排版,清晰好查。4句子是文字讲解,稍显枯燥,看起来不够直观。5解题技巧中规中矩,没啥亮点。6试题里有一些小的印刷错误,比如“breed”写成“bred”,不过没啥大影响。TOP3《考研大趋势(历年英语真题细解与复习指导》1同样是讲解真题,这本亮点是标注了真题文章来源,能帮我们全面了解真题选材的背景。2书里配有和词汇相关的“考研英语词汇考点逐词精讲”视频,也是免费的。帮助同学们梳理词汇,巩固记忆。3采用双色印刷,清晰直观。4相比于其他书籍,单词注释较简单,仅注释了单词词义和用法;句子只挑重难点的长句分析。5试题解析比较简单,更适合有一定基础的学生。TOP2《历年考研英语真题解析及复习思路》(黄皮书)1这本书的亮点是书里的“语篇分析和总结”版块,对文章的行文思路和句子间的逻辑关系讲得很详细深入,如果大家仔细研究的话对我们把握解题的关键点很有帮助。2.全书双色印刷,排版比较清晰。3对真题文章中的重点词汇集中做了注释(包括词义和经典搭配),方便直接积累单词。4句子讲解是挑选了文章中一些较复杂的长难句进行详细解析。讲解比较简洁直观,适合英语有一定的基础且理解这力较好的同学用,基础不好的人接受起来比较困难(曾经的我不愿意接受自己基础不好的人设,所以被虐了一遭)。5语篇分析虽是亮点,但是使用效果因人而异。在完全理解文章的前提下,我们能很快识别各个试题的命题陷阱,掌握解题的重点。不能完全理解文章的话,可能会干扰到你现有的解题习惯。TOP1《考研真相》1讲解详细!!!最详细!前面提到的书要么只精细的分析长难句,要么分析每个句子,但用的方法是文字讲解。只有这本做了结合,对最新20年真题文章的每一句都进行了比较全面详细的图解分析,一层层分析句子的主干和修饰成分。2对每个句子中出现的重点词汇也进行了详细注释(包括词性、词义、熟词僻义、词根词缀、例句等)。而且一大亮点是,它还标注了单词的重要程度,方便大家在复习的时候有侧重点的掌握。3它的解题方法比较系统,提出了一套完整的解题思路,路径一从题干出发,回原文找答案;路径二从选项出发,回文定位排除干扰项。所有题目都能用这两个方法搞定,简单粗暴,但是有效。4配有同步的名师视频课程讲解和真题录音。报辅导班什么的都比较贵,但这个配套讲解视频是完全免费的,基础不好、看不懂书的童鞋可以配合视频来消化知识点,学习效果会更好。每本书各有特点,适合不同人群,不同复习阶段使用,大家只需要根据自己的情况,选择适合自己的就好。

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分享一篇考研英语真题

Instrial safety does not just happen.Company (with) low accident rates plan their safety programs,work hard to organize them,and continue working to keep them (alive) and active.When the work is well done ,a (climate) of accident- free operations is established (where) time lost e to injures is kept at a minimum.Successful safety programs may (differ) greatly in the amphasis on certain aspects of the program .Some place great emphasis on mechanical guarding .Others stress safe work practices by (observing) rules or regulations .(Still) others depends on an emotional appeal to the worker.But,there are certain ideas that must be used in every program if maximum results are to be obtained .There can be no question about the value of a safety program .From a financial standpoint alone ,safety (pays off) .The fewer the injury (claims) ,the better the workman’s insurance rate .This may mean the difference between operating at a (profit )or at a loss.这是1999年考研英语一的完型填空题,括号标出的是答案。如果把答案放到文章里,那么这篇文章的意思还是比较浅显的。但是,工作时间已久,当初本来不好的英语底子消失殆尽,即使是这么一篇简单的完形填空题,鄙人仍是错误百出。鉴于水平有限,该题的翻译我就不写了。再有四个多月,就要面临2020年考研了,我知道自己考上的几率不高,但是,每天还是会坚持学习。不为别的,大好的时光,大好的年华,不能整天过混吃等死的日子。人总得有点儿盼头儿。图示是选项,如下:

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2021年考研英语一真题(含答案解析)

本试卷由新祥旭陈老师整理,为便于大家估分,前面是21年的考研英语一完整真题,后面是答案解析(可直接拉到文末查看)。2021年的考研初试已经结束,大家也会逐步复试的准备了。那么,考研复试有哪些流程?需要如何准备?往年的复试分数线、面试技巧、复试真题……关注我们,复试信息轻松GET!