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1999年考研英语阅读理解第五篇答案和全文翻译单身汉

1999年考研英语阅读理解第五篇答案和全文翻译

原文+译文:Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on the preparedness of the minds of the men who watch the experiments.实际上,科学的进步依赖于做实验,但更依赖于实验的观察者(即做实验的人)有所准备的头脑。Sir Isaac Newton supposedly discovered gravity through the fall of an apple.据说艾萨克·牛顿爵士是从苹果落地现象中发现了万有引力。Apples had been falling in many places for centuries and thousands of people had seen them fall. But Newton for years had been curious about the cause of the orbital motion of the moon and planets.多少个世纪以来,许多地方一直都有苹果落到地面,成千上万的人也都看过苹果落地。但多年来只有牛顿一直对月球和行星沿轨道运行的起因感到好奇。What kept them in place? Why didn’t they fall out of the sky? The fact that the apple fell down toward the earth and not up into the tree answered the question he had been asking himself about those larger fruits of the heavens, the moon and the planets.是什么使它们保持在现在的位置?它们为什么不从天上掉下来?苹果向下落到地面而不向上飞到树上,这一事实回答了他长期以来一直对天空中更大的“果实”——月球和行星所存有的疑问。How many men would have considered the possibility of an apple falling up into the tree?多少人会考虑过苹果向上飞到树上的可能性呢?Newton did because he was not trying to predict anything. He was just wondering. His mind was ready for the unpredictable. Unpredictability is part of the essential nature of research.牛顿这样做了,因为他不想对任何事情进行预测。他只是怀有好奇心。他的头脑在准备思考不可预测的事。不可预测性是科学研究的一个基本特征。If you don’t have unpredictable things, you don’t have research. Scientists tend to forget this when writing their cut and dried reports for the technical journals, but history is filled with examples of it.如果没有不可预测现象的产生就无所谓科学研究了。科学家们在为学术刊物撰写呆板的例行报告时往往会忘记这一点,而历史上这样的例子却比比皆是。In talking to some scientists, particularly younger ones, you might gather the impression that they find the “scientific method” a substitute for imaginative thought.在和一些科学家,特别是年轻科学家交谈时,你可能会有这样一种印象:他们认为“科学方法”可以代替创造性思维。I’ve attended research conferences where a scientist has been asked what he thinks about the advisability of continuing a certain experiment.我出席过一些科研会议,会上有人问一位科学家继续某项实验是否是明智之举。The scientist has frowned, looked at the graphs, and said “the data are still inconclusive.”那位科学家皱了皱眉,又看了看图表,然后说:“数据还是不够确定。”“We know that,” the men from the budget office have said, “but what do you think? Is it worthwhile going on? What do you think we might expect?” The scientist has been shocked at having even been asked to speculate.预算部门的人说:“这点我们知道,但你的意见如何?你觉得值得做下去吗?你觉得我们可以期待什么呢?”这位科学家感到很震惊,他没有料到人们会让他做出预测。What this amounts to, of course, is that the scientist has become the victim of his own writings.当然,这几乎等于说:这位科学家成了自己所写报告的受害者。He has put forward unquestioned claims so consistently that he not only believes them himself, but has convinced instrial and business management that they are true.他所提出的种种论断是如此不容置疑、如此一致,以至于不仅他自己相信了,而且也说服了工商界的管理者相信其正确性。If experiments are planned and carried out according to plan as faithfully as the reports in the science journals indicate, then it is perfectly logical for management to expect research to proce results measurable in dollars and cents.假如科学实验像科学杂志报告显示的那样完全按事先的计划去规划和实施,那么,对管理层来说,期待研究能够产生可用美元、美分衡量的结果是完全合理的。It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.审计人员也完全有理由相信,确切知道自己的目标并知道如何实现这一目标的科学家们根本没必要分心:用一只眼盯着现金计数器的同时,用另一只眼睛盯着显微镜。Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect, is management to be blamed for discriminating against the “odd balls” among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who “work well with the team.”如果像他们的论文所反映的那样,科学家渴望规律性和与某种标准模式的一致性,那么管理人员歧视研究人员中的“标新立异者”,而赞赏“善于合作”的具有传统思维模式的人,也就是无可指摘的。试题:51. The author wants to prove with the example of Isaac Newton that.[A] inquiring minds are more important than scientific experiments[B] science advances when fruitful researches are concted[C] scientists seldom forget the essential nature of research[D] unpredictability weighs less than prediction in scientific research52. The author asserts that scientists.[A] shouldn’t replace “scientific method” with imaginative thought[B] shouldn’t neglect to speculate on unpredictable things[C] should write more concise reports for technical journals[D] should be confident about their research findings53. It seems that some young scientists.[A] have a keen interest in prediction[B] often speculate on the future[C] think highly of creative thinking[D] stick to “scientific method”54. The author implies that the results of scientific research.[A] may not be as profitable as they are expected[B] can be measured in dollars and cents[C] rely on conformity to a standard pattern[D] are mostly underestimated by management答案:A B D A

狼少年

1999年考研英语完形填空全文翻译和答案—本文围绕安全生产来论证

原文:Instrial safety does not just happen. Companies 1 low accident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to keep them 2 and active. When the work is well done, a 3 of accident free operations is established 4 time lost e to injuries is kept at a minimum.Successful safety programs may 5 greatly in the emphasis placed on certain aspects of the program. Some place great emphasis on mechanical guarding. Others stress safe work practices by 6 rules or regulations. 7 others depend on an emotional appeal to the worker. But, there are certain basic ideas that must be used in every program if maximum results are to be obtained.There can be no question about the value of a safety program. From a financial standpoint alone, safety 8 . The fewer the injury 9 , the better the workman’s insurance rate. This may mean the difference between operating at 10 or at a loss.1.[A] at [B] in [C] on [D] with2.[A] alive [B] vivid [C] mobile [D] diverse3.[A] regulation [B] climate [C] circumstance [D] requirement4.[A] where [B] how [C] what [D] unless5.[A] alter [B] differ [C] shift [D] distinguish6.[A] constituting [B] aggravating [C] observing[D] justifying7.[A] Some [B] Many [C] Even [D] Still8.[A] comes off [B] turns up [C] pays off [D] holds up9.[A] claims [B] reports [C] declarations[D] proclamations10.[A] an advantage [B] a benefit [C] an interest[D] a profit答案:DABAB CDCAD全文翻译:安全生产并不是偶然事件:事故发生率低的公司制定自己的安全计划,努力付诸实施,并且不断使之发挥持久效力。如果这项工作做得好,就会建立一个无事故的工作氛围。在这种环境里,因工伤损失的时间会被保持在最低限度。成功的安全计划强调的重点可能大不相同。有些计划强调机械防护。另一些强调通过遵守规章制度来实施安全作业。还有一些靠的是对工人的感情投入。但是,要获得最好的效果,每一个计划当中都会遵循某些基本的思想。安全计划的价值不容置疑。单从财政的角度来说,安全计划花钱值得。工伤索赔越少,工人的保险率也就越高。这可能就决定着工厂的运营是盈利还是亏损。

高兴

1999年考研英语翻译题型答案—本文讨论历史学研究方法的问题

While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.几乎每个历史学家对史学都有自己的界定,但是现代史学家的实践最趋于认为历史学试图重现过去的重大史实并对其做出解释。Caught in the web of its own time and place, each generation of historians determines anew what is significant for it in the past.由于受其所处时间和地点的限制,每一代史学家都要重新判断过去哪些史料对他们具有重要价值。In this search the evidence found is always incomplete and scattered; it is also frequently partial or partisan.在这种探索中,所发现的证据总是不完全的、零散的,而且常常是不全面的或带有派别色彩的。The irony of the historian’s craft is that its practitioners always know that their efforts are but contributions to an unending process.历史研究这个行当的讽刺意味在于,从事研究的人一直知道,他们的努力只不过是为永无止境的过程添砖加瓦而已。Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.人们之所以关注历史研究的方法论,主要是因为史学界内部意见不一,其次是因为外界并不认为历史是一门学问。While history once revered its affinity to literature and philosophy, the emerging social sciences seemed to afford greater opportunities for asking new questions and providing rewarding approaches to an understanding of the past.尽管历史学一度崇尚它与文学和哲学的相似之处,但新兴的社会科学似乎提供了更多机会,以便人们能够提出新问题,有了解过去的有效途径。Social science methodologies had to be adapted to a discipline governed by the primacy of historical sources rather than the imperatives of the contemporary world.社会科学研究的方法论必须进行改变以适应这样一个学科,其基础是史料,而不是当代社会的需要。During this transfer, traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.在这种转变中,历史学家研究历史时,那些解释新史料的新方法充实了传统的历史研究方法。Methodology is a term that remains inherently ambiguous in the historical profession.在历史学界,方法论这个词从来都是模棱两可的。There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical workin general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historicalinquiry.所谓方法论是指一般的历史研究中的特有概念,还是指历史探究中各个具体领域适用的研究手段,人们对此意见不一。Historians, especially those so blinded by their research interests that they have been accused of “tunnel method,” frequently fall victim to the “technicist fallacy.”史学家,尤其是那些单纯局限于他们研究兴趣的史学家,被指责为使用“单方向研究法”,他们常常成为“纯技术方法论”的牺牲品。Also common in the natural sciences, the technicist fallacy mistakenly identifies the discipline as a whole with certain parts of its technical implementation.纯技术方法论错误地把整个学科与学科研究的某些操作方法等同起来,这种情况在自然科学领域里也屡见不鲜。It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources, and to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques.这种谬误同样存在于历史传统派和历史社科派;前者认为历史就是史学界内部和外部人士对各种史料来源的评论,后者则认为历史的研究是具体方法的研究。

处女血

1999年考研英语阅读理解第四篇答案和全文翻译

原文+译文:When a Scottish research team startled the world by revealing 3 months ago that it had cloned an alt sheep, President Clinton moved swiftly. 三个月前,当一个苏格兰研究小组宣布他们克隆了一只成年绵羊时,世界为之震惊,克林顿总统迅速做出反应。Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment -- although no one had proposed to do so -- and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning.他宣称反对利用这种非同寻常的畜牧业技术去克隆人,并下令禁止联邦资金用于此类实验——尽管还没有人提议要那样做——并要求一个由普林斯顿大学校长哈罗德·夏皮罗为首的独立专家小组,在九十天内拿出有关克隆人的国家政策的建议,向白宫汇报。That group -- the National Bioethics Advisory Commission (NBAC) -- has been working feverishly to put its wisdom on paper, and at a meeting on 17 May, members agreed on a near-final draft of their recommendations.这个名为“全国生物伦理道德顾问委员会”(NBAC)的小组一直在非常积极地工作,集思广益,并诉诸笔端;在5月17日的一次会议上,委员们就接近定稿的意见书取得了一致意见。NBAC will ask that Clinton’s 90-day ban on federal funds for human cloning be extended indefinitely, and possibly that it be made law.NBAC将要求克林顿总统禁止联邦资金用于克隆人的九十天禁令无限期地延长,并且还可能要求将之立法。But NBAC members are planning to word the recommendation narrowly to avoid new restrictions on research that involves the cloning of human DNA or cells -- routine in molecular biology.但是,NBAC成员们正计划在建议的措辞上更为严谨,以避免给克隆人体DNA或细胞等研究带来更多的限制——(这属于)分子生物研究中的常规课题。The panel has not yet reached agreement on a crucial question, however, whether to recommend legislation that would make it a crime for private funding to be used for human cloning.然而,该小组尚未在一个关键问题上达成一致,即是否建议立法机关将私人资金用于克隆人的行为法定为犯罪。In a draft preface to the recommendations, discussed at the 17 May meeting, Shapiro suggested that the panel had found a broad consensus that it would be “morally unacceptable to attempt to create a human child by alt nuclear cloning.”在5月17日会议上讨论的建议序言草案中,夏皮罗表示,专家组已取得广泛的共识,认为“试图利用成人细胞核去克隆婴儿将是违背道德伦理的”。Shapiro explained ring the meeting that the moral doubt stems mainly from fears about the risk to the health of the child. The panel then informally accepted several general conclusions, although some details have not been settled.夏皮罗解释说在与会期间,道德上的怀疑主要源于对婴儿健康的担忧。随后,该小组非正式地接受了几项概括性的结论,尽管有些细节尚无定论。NBAC plans to call for a continued ban on federal government funding for any attempt to clone body cell nuclei to create a child. Because current federal law already forbids the use of federal funds to create embryos (the earliest stage of human offspring before birth) for research or to knowingly endanger an embryo’s life, NBAC will remain silent on embryo research.NBAC计划呼吁继续禁止为任何企图利用人体细胞核去制造婴孩的做法提供联邦政府基金资助。因为现行的联邦法律已经禁止联邦基金用于制造研究用的胚胎(人类后代出生前的最早阶段)或有意识地危及胚胎的生命,所以NBAC在胚胎研究这一问题上将保持沉默。NBAC members also indicated that they will appeal to privately funded researchers and clinics not to try to clone humans by body cell nuclear transfer. NBAC的成员明确表示,他们将呼吁受私人基金资助的研究人员和诊所不要尝试通过人体细胞核转移来克隆人。But they were divided on whether to go further by calling for a federal law that would impose a complete ban on human cloning. Shapiro and most members favored an appeal for such legislation, but in a phone interview, he said this issue was still “up in the air.”但他们在是否进一步要求联邦立法强令完全禁止克隆人这一问题上存在分歧。夏皮罗和大多数委员赞成将此立法,但在电话采访中,他透露这一议题仍“悬而未决”。试题:51. We can learn from the first paragraph that.[A] federal funds have been used in a project to clone humans[B] the White House responded strongly to the news of cloning[C] NBAC was authorized to control the misuse of cloning technique[D] the White House has got the panel’s recommendations on cloning52. The panel agreed on all of the following except that.[A] the ban on federal funds for human cloning should be made a law[B] the cloning of human DNA is not to be put under more control[C] it is criminal to use private funding for human cloning[D] it would be against ethical values to clone a human being53. NBAC will leave the issue of embryo research undiscussed because_.[A] embryo research is just a current development of cloning[B] the health of the child is not the main concern of embryo research[C] an embryo’s life will not be endangered in embryo research[D] the issue is explicitly stated and settled in the law54. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that.[A] some NBAC members hesitate to ban human cloning completely[B] a law banning human cloning is to be passed in no time[C] privately funded researchers will respond positively to NBAC’s appeal[D] the issue of human cloning will soon be settled答案:B C D A

卡拉斯

考研英语丨历年翻译真题中考察过的351个高频词组(1990-2017)

通过历年考试考研调查数据发现,翻译题是考研英语各题型中得分率较低的一道题。为什么翻译是考研人的普遍弱项?主要原因是词组和单词量不够,语法障碍,缺乏翻译技巧,翻译速度过慢,阅读速度过慢等几大因素。为针对词组和单词量薄弱的情况,小编为大家整理了《历年翻译真题中考察过的351个高频词组(1990-2017)》,这些词组复考率超高,还能帮你有效地把握命题规律!希望大家好好背熟,考研翻译一定可以有一些突破,提高得分率!

溪公

近20年考研英语真题翻译常考词组

考研英语,翻译是很多考研童鞋们的伤。其主要的原因是,基础没有打牢固,词组和单词量的积累不够或者对意思的理解有偏差。其实翻译是很容易得分的题目,记住下面总结的这些近20年真题中的常考的翻译词组,可以帮我们更加高效地做出翻译题目,有效地把握命题的规律!其实这些词组不仅做翻译很有用,做完型填空的时候也是有用的,完型填空里面就会有很多的固定搭配。自己写作文的时候也可以合理地使用这些词组,让改卷的老师眼前一亮的赶脚。最后,21考研的童鞋要好好加油咯!已经正式步入6月份了!

山涛

干货分享!近20年考研英语真题翻译常考词组,助你成功上岸

近20年考研英语真题翻译常考词组,助你成功上岸收藏起来吧素材来源:艺考直通车

北漂鱼

1999年考研英语阅读理解第一篇—这是一篇法律题材的文章

原文+翻译:It’s a rough world out there.外面是一个危险的世界。Step outside and you could break a leg slipping on your doormat.迈出家门时,你可能会滑倒在门垫上,而摔伤一条腿。Light up the stove and you could burn down the house.点燃炉灶时,你可能会把房子烧掉。Luckily, if the doormat or stove failed to warn of coming disaster, a successful lawsuit might compensate you for your troubles.不过还算幸运的是,如果门垫或炉灶上没有警示语提醒你可能发生的危险,那么一场成功的诉讼或许可以补偿你所受的伤害。Or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s, when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers’ misfortunes.这种想法大约自20世纪80年代初开始传播,那时陪审团开始认为更多的公司应对其客户所遭受的不幸负责。Feeling threatened, companies responded by writing ever-longer warning labels, trying to anticipate every possible accident.由于感到了威胁,公司方面做出了反应:写出越来越长的警示语,力图预先标明种种可能发生的事故。Today, stepladders carry labels several inches long that warn, among other things, that you might -- surprise! -- fall off. The label on a child’s Batman cape cautions that the toy “does not enable user to fly.”如今,活梯上贴着几英寸长的警告标签,除了其他警告事项外,还警告你可能会摔下来,简直是莫名其妙!贴在儿童的蝙蝠侠披风上的标签也告诫说,本玩具“无法让用户飞行”。While warnings are often appropriate and necessary -- the dangers of drug interactions, for example -- and many are required by state or federal regulations, it isn’t clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured. About 50 percent of the companies lose when injured customers take them to court.虽然警示语常常是合理而必要的(如警告药物有相互作用的危险),并且很多是州或联邦法规所要求的,但是当消费者受伤时,这些警示语能否真正保护制造商和销售商使之免于承担责任,却还很难说,被受伤的消费者告上法庭的公司中,大约一半会败诉。Now the tide appears to be turning.现在这种趋势似乎正在转变。As personal injury claims continue as before, some courts are beginning to side with defendants, especially in cases where a warning label probably wouldn’t have changed anything.尽管个人伤害索赔案件如以往一样不断发生,但有些法庭已开始站到被告一方,特别是在处理那些有警告标签也可能无法避免伤害的案件时。In May, Julie Nimmons, president of Schutt Sports in Illinois, successfully fought a lawsuit involving a football player who was paralyzed in a game while wearing a Schutt helmet.五月份,伊利诺斯州的Schutt体育公司总裁朱利·尼蒙斯就成功地打赢了这样一场官司。一名橄榄球队员戴着该公司的头盔在一场比赛中受伤瘫痪,遂将该公司告上法庭。“We’re really sorry he has become paralyzed, but helmets aren’t designed to prevent those kinds of injuries,” says Nimmons. The jury agreed that the nature of the game, not the helmet, was the reason for the athlete’s injury.尼蒙斯说:“他成了瘫痪,我们非常难过,但我们设计头盔不是为了预防这类伤害的。”陪审团也认为造成该运动员受伤的是这项运动本身的危险性,而不是头盔。At the same time, the American Law Institute -- a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight -- issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones.与此同时,美国法学会——一群说话举足轻重的法官、律师、学者——发布了新的侵权法指导原则,宣布公司不必警示顾客那些显而易见的危险,或者给顾客列出一份冗长的可能遇到的危险的清单。“Important information can get buried in a sea of trivialities,” says a law professor at Cornell law School who helped draft the new guidelines. If the moderate end of the legal community has its way, the information on procts might actually be provided for the benefit of customers and not as protection against legal liability.康奈尔大学法学院一位参与起草新指导原则的教授说,“重要的信息会淹没在细枝末节的汪洋之中”。如果该法律团体的这一适中的目标能够实现,产品上提供的警示信息就不再是为回避法律责任而设,而是为保护消费者利益而提供了。试题:51. What were things like in 1980s when accidents happened?[A] Customers might be relieved of their disasters through lawsuits.[B] Injured customers could expect protection from the legal system.[C] Companies would avoid being sued by providing new warnings.[D] Juries tended to find fault with the compensations companies promised.52. Manufacturers as mentioned in the passage tend to.[A] satisfy customers by writing long warnings on procts[B] become honest in describing the inadequacies of their procts[C] make the best use of labels to avoid legal liability[D] feel obliged to view customers’ safety as their first concern53. The case of Schutt helmet demonstrated that.[A] some injury claims were no longer supported by law[B] helmets were not designed to prevent injuries[C] proct labels would eventually be discarded[D] some sports games might lose popularity with athletes54. The author’s attitude towards the issue seems to be.[A] biased[B] indifferent[C] puzzling[D] objective答案:B C A D

说失屠羊

1995年考研英语翻译题型全文翻译—批评标准化教育测验是错误的

The standardized ecational or psychological tests that are widely used to aid in selecting, classifying, assigning, or promoting students, employees, and military personnel have been the target of recent attacks in books, magazines, the daily press, and even in Congress. 广泛用来帮助选择、分类、指定或者激励学生、雇员和军队人员的标准化教育或心理测试是近来书刊、杂志、日报社甚至是国会攻击的目标。71) Thetarget is wrong, for in attacking the tests, critics divert attention from the fault that lieswith ill-informed or incompetent users.把标准化测试作为抨击目标是错误的,因为在抨击这类测试时,批评者未注意到其弊病在于那些对测试不甚了解或使用不当的使用者。The tests themselves are merely tools, with characteristics that can be measured with reasonable precision under specified conditions.这些测试本身只是工具,其特点能够在特殊的条件下相当准确地被估量。Whether the results will be valuable, meaningless, or even misleading depends partly upon the tool itself but largely upon the user.测试结果是否有价值、有意义,或者甚至误导人部分取决于工具本身,而大部分取决于使用者。All informed predictions of future performance are based upon some knowledge of relevant past performance: school grades, research proctivity, sales records, or whatever is appropriate.所有已知的对将来行为的预测都是基于对过去某些相关经验的了解的基础之上的:学校成绩、科研生产力、销售业绩,或诸如此类。72) How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends uponthe amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdomwith which it is interpreted.这些预测在多大程度上被后来的表现证实,这取决于被采用信息的数量、可靠性和适宜性以及解释这些信息的技能和才智。Anyone who keeps careful score knows that the information available is always incomplete and that the predictions are always subject to error.任何仔细记分的人都知道可用的信息总是不完整的,预测总是容易出现错误。Standardized tests should be considered in this context.标准化测试应该考虑在这样的环境中使用。They provide a quick, objective method of getting some kinds of information about what a person learned, the skills he has developed, or the kind of person he is.他们提供快捷、客观的方法以获取关于某个人学到了什么、他有哪些技能或者他属于哪种人的一些信息。The information so obtained has, qualitatively, the same advantages and shortcomings as other kinds of information.如同其他种类的信息,如此得来的信息在质量方面也是兼有优缺点。73) Whether to use tests, otherkinds of information, or both in a particular situation depends, therefore, upon the evidencefrom experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.因此,究竟是采用测试还是其他种类的信息,或是在某一特定情况下两者同时使用,须凭有关相对效度的经验依据而定,也取决于诸如费用和现有条件等因素。74) In general, the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted cannot be well defined.一般来说,当被测定的特征能够被很准确地界定时,测试最为有效;而当被测定或被预测的东西不能够被明确地界定时,测试的效果则最差。Properly used, they provide a rapid means of getting comparable information about many people.如果测试被恰当地使用,它们将提供一种快捷的方式来获取有关很多人的可比较的信息。Sometimes they identify students whose high potential has not been previously recognized, but there are many things they do not do.有时,通过它们(测试)还可以发现那些高潜质以前没有被发掘的学生,但许多事情是测试做不到的。75) For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.例如,测试并不弥补明显的社会不公;因此,它们不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人,如果在较好的环境下成长,会有多大才干。试题分析1.[解析]本题考核的知识点:名词译为动词和介词语短的译法。这是一个主从复合句。主干为主系表结构带一个for引导的原因状语从句。主句翻译成“目标是错误的”含义不够清楚,根据上下文可知,the target应翻译成“把标准化测试作为抨击目标”。状语从句的主干是critics divert attention from…,直译为“批评家把注意力从弊病上移开”,意译为“批评家没有考虑其弊病”。The fault和其后的定语从句直译为“在于消息不灵通或不称职的使用者的错误”也不太符合中文的习惯,原因在于英文的名词使用频率比中文高,翻译时经常需要把名词转化为动词。users的动词是use,users前的形容词应相应地转为修饰动词的状语,可以译为“人们使用测试时对信息了解不够或使用不当”。In attacking the tests是介词短语做状语,译成状语从句时关键要看此介词短语在原句中起什么作用,然后再译成中文相应的状语从句。译文:把标准化测试作为抨击目标是错误的,因为在抨击这类测试时,批评者未考虑其弊病是来自人们对测试不甚了解或使用不当。2. [解析]本题考核的知识点:句子理解,代词指代。句子的主干是:How well…depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of… and (depends) on the skill and wisdom…。主语是how well开头的主语从句,其中使用了被动语态的将来时。“by+施动者”译成被动语态。depend后除了upon接了the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information做介词宾语之外,后头的the skill and wisdom with which 也是承接depend 而来,做on的介词宾语。with which引导的定语从句中it指代前文中的information,所以定语从句译成“解释这些信息的技能和才智”。词汇方面:validated的意思可以从形容词valid(有效的)推出,译为“证实”。译文:这些预测在多大程度上被后来的表现证实,这取决于被采用信息的数量、可靠性和适宜性以及解释这些信息的技能和才智。3.[解析] 本题考核的知识点:抽象名词的意译和代词指代。这是一个简单句。Whether to use… situation做主语;whether… or 意为“是……还是”; depends是谓语;evidence from和such factors as…共同做介词on的宾语。主语中的both根据上文应该指tests, other kinds of information两者;the evidence后有from experience修饰,experience又由一现在分词短语修饰;the evidence… validity可以译作“有关相对效度的经验依据”。译文:因此,究竟是采用测试还是其他种类的信息,或是在某一特定情况下两者同时使用,须凭有关相对效度的经验依据而定,也取决于诸如费用和现有条件等因素。4. [解析] 本题考核的知识点:状语从句的翻译和句子间的对比。该句由两个并列的主从复合句构成:the tests work most effectively when…and least effectively when…。两个分句由and 连接,and 之后的分句承前省略了主语和谓语the tests work。两个when都引导了时间状语从句,翻译时应置于主语之前。第二个状语从句中的主语是what 引导的名词性从句:what is to be measured or predicted,意为“被测定和被预测的东西”。词汇方面:work在这里意马心猿为“起作用”的意思;qualities是指被测人的素质;define意为“下定义,界定”。译文:一般地说,当被测定的特征能够被很准确的界定时,测试最为有效;而当被测定或被预测的东西不能够被明确地界定时,测试的效果则最差。5.[解析] 本题考核的知识点:虚拟语气,推测词义这是一个并列复合句。前一个分句的主语they指上文的the tests(本题所在段落中第二、三、四句的主语都承接第一句的主语tests,用they代替)。后一分句省略主语。由于两个分句成分相同时才会省略,因此这里省略的主语就是they(指测试)。Tell后的宾语从句用的是虚拟语气,表示对过去情况的虚拟;had he grown up 即if he had grown up。翻译时虚拟句中的条件从句应该放在其主句之前。词汇方面:gross在这里意为“明显的”;tell在此意为“判断、说明”;underprivileged 是一个需要用词汇学知识去推测词义的词,under(在……下)+privilege(特权),意为“在特权之下”,即物质条件不好,也可以结合条件句中的favorable circumstances(好的物质环境)的反义猜出词义;how able可以译作“有多能干,有多大的才干”。译文:例如,测试并不弥补明显的社会不公;因此,它们不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人,如果在较好的环境下成长,会有多大才干。

丑八怪

考研英语翻译练习1

来源:网络考研英语翻译练习1:There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which, when taken up by broadcasters and the lay press, generates both health scares and short-lived dietary enthusiasms.-有很多这类无稽之谈 在医学期刊上,当被广播公司和非专业媒体接受时,会引起健康恐慌和短暂的饮食狂热。-在医学期刊上,有很多这类无稽之谈, 如果广播公司和非专业媒体报道这些无稽之谈,就会引起健康恐慌和短暂的饮食狂热。在翻译的时候,有几点要注意:1.语序。状语前置,即 in the medical journals 要前置,放在句子的开头。2.英语的被动语态翻译成汉语时,常常用主动语态,即 taken up 这个地方要翻译成主动语态,并且需要补充一下主语。单词、短语:a great deal of —— 很多lay —— 外行的generate —— 引起short-lived —— 短暂的taken up by —— 被……接受;被……拿起;被……占据[此文转自本人简书:由由书儿]单选|你觉得这个句子的翻译得怎么样?很好,通顺、意思表达准确一般,有点儿奇怪不好不好,我翻译得更好打开百度APP进行投票如果你有更好的意见,欢迎在下方和大家分享~