The Economist 经济学人英国著名财经杂志,是考研英语阅读真题来源最多的杂志,以财经类文章为主,其它方面也有涉及2.Nature 自然英国权威科学杂志,考研英语科普类文章的主要来源3.Scientific American 科学美国人美国著名科普杂志,考研英语科普类文章的主要来源4.Business Week 商业周刊全球最大的商业杂志,考研英语财经类文章主要来源5.Newsweek 新闻周刊美国主流杂志,综合类6.Time 时代周刊美国主流杂志,综合类7.The New York Times 纽约时报美国主流报纸,综合类8.The Guardian 卫报英国主流报纸,综合类
备考考研英语的方法很多,但最好要找到属于自己的学习方法。众所周知,考研英语词汇是基础,但是学单词不仅仅要学习单词本身,搭配也是非常重要的~小西整理了20考研英语必备的39个高频短语。答应小西,没时间也要挤时间背一背,对大家作文、翻译、阅读理解都非常有用,记得要坚持学习,反复记忆哦!
2020考研英语一真题及答案【完整版】!【完形】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案(1-20)1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up【阅读】Section III Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for Zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. "A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a "town of culture" award could [A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as [A] a sensible compromise.[B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-cotching bonus.[D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it [A] endeavours to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present [A] a contrasting case.[B] a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D] a related topic.25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical[B] Objective[C] Favourable[D] Critical答案(21-25)21.D focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.B a self-deceiving attempt.23.D commits to its long-term growth.24.B a supporting example.25.C Favourable.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money, Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the proction of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing instry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers proced in the world, made profits of more than f 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than f 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every pay walled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms; either freely available from the moment of publication,or pay walled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their proct free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around500 to $5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these "article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because [A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.!27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have [A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing instry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? [A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned.[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms [A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] rece the cost of publication substantially.[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D] The few feed on the many.答案(26-30)26.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27.A thrived mainly on university libraries.28.D Encouraged.29.A allow publishers some room to make money.30.D The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are lessthan40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feelgood but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will [A] help little to rece gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the Califormia measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C] It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate [A] the harm from arbitrary board decision. [B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to [A] the underestimation of elite women's role[B] the objection to female participation on boards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women's need in employment should be considered.[B] Feasibility, should be a prime concern in policy making.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.答案(31-35)31.A help little to rece gender bias.32.C It may go against the Constitution.33.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.35.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.Text4 :Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a"GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple, Facebook and Amazon-in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax).Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance, law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union. Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach aconsensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to [A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax [A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that [A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work [A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to in involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy答案(36-40)36.C impose alevy on tech multinationals.37.A may trigger countermeasures against France.38.B the current international tax system needs upgrading39.C is faced with uncertain prospects.40.B France leads the charge on Digital TaxPart B Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fix actions are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated [F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor ring a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact: We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In althood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42. Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer ring a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond ring direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.44. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image. are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45. In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues "Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.答案(41-45)41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signal42.E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43.G Eye contact can also be aggressive44.A Eye fixactions are brief45.D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence ring the 14h century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17h century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored itellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) Before each of their revelations many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking.including the geo-centric view that the Earth was a the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory ring a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress. this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe ring most of 17h century. (49) As many took on the ty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17h and I8h centuries were times of radical change and curiosity, Scientific method,rectionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase' sapere aude' or dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay" An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?".It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.答案(46-50)46.随着教会的教义和思维方式在文艺复兴时期黯然失色,中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合,从而出现了新的及尚未开发的知识领域。47.在每个真理揭示之前,当时的许多思想家都采用了更古老的思维方式,仍旧沿用以前的思维模式,其中包括认为地球是宇宙中心的地球中心说。48.尽管教会试图镇压这-代逻辑学家和理性主义者,但人们对宇宙如何运转的解释却越来越多,并且以-种不容忽视的速度在增加。49.当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时,文艺复兴时代已经结束,并且开启了一个新的时代。50.此类寻求知识和了解已知信息的行为被拉丁语概括为:“sapere aude"即"敢于求知”作文Section ll WritingPart A51. Directions:The students union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest. White a notice in about 100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice. (10 points)小作文:通知留学生唱歌比赛 【参考范文】NoticeDec.21, 2019In order to enrich the campus life and provide the colorful life for you, the Students' Union is preparing the upcoming singing contest, which will be held in the auditorium in our university on the evening of December 31, 2019. Now, the Union is recruiting contestants for this competition.Anyone who are fond of signing or interested in the competition, please send his or her application to students’union@sohu.com before next Wednesday. Besides, there are generous awards in gratitude for this activity. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any queries concerning the singing contest. Meanwhile, volunteers for this activity are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs.We are looking forward to your participation.The Students' UnionPart B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below, In your essay, you should1) Describe the picture briefly,2) Interpret the implied meaning, and3) Give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)大作文:习惯良好的时间管理习惯 【参考范文】Portrayed distinctively by the two cartoons above is an impressive scene: a girl in the left picture is doing homework and saying that early completion is better. Nevertheless, the boy in the right picture is sitting in front of the desk and saying that he will not finish the homework until the last minute.Undoubtedly, the symbolic implication of the pictures is to show us that importance should be attached to the formation of good habits, especially the good habit of time management. On the one hand, efficient time management is critical to personal development. As the old saying goes,“Time is money," and in the fast-paced modern life, it seems that we always have a lot of things to do and we are very busy. In the face of such a situation, we have to realize that efficiency holdsthe key to saving time and time management skills hold the key to personal success. On the other hand, good time management habits play a vital role in the development of the whole society. There is no doubt that, to a large extent, social progress is closely related to the efforts of each indivial. If we can develop the good habit of time management, we are much more likely to improve efficiency and have a better performance in the learning and working process, which is anintegral part of social advances and prosperity.From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that the sense of efficient time management skills is of equal importance in personal and social progress.Therefore,we ought to take advantage of the phenomenon to enlighten the public and the press is expected to take a lead in advertising the value of developing good time management habits. Only in this way can we have a bright future.以上便是整理的2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案,2021考研的小伙伴可以参考真题,准备明年12月的考研初试。下面分享一份公共课书单,希望对大家有用:【英语书单】单词:闪过英语《考研词汇闪过》按重要程度划分了频考词、基础词、偶考词、超纲词,划重点,后期冲刺只背高频词和基础词,省时间。真题:《考研真相》(英语二:考研圣经):一词一句讲解真题,重点词汇和每个句子都有详细讲解,不怕你看不懂,还有排除干扰项的方法,帮助提高答对率,适合基础弱的人。作文:英语一《写作160篇》/英语二《写作宝中宝》:通过词句段篇先教你学会写作文,再用三步作文法帮你拔高,专门针对基础薄弱的。【数学书单】《张宇真题大全解》:从94年到现在的真题都包括了,讲解很好,帮助研究数学题型。李永乐王式安660题:用这本书练习做题,都是经典题型!同济六版/七版《高等数学》上、下同济五版/六版《线性代数》课本:《线性代数》、《概率论》、《数理统计》【政治书单】官方红宝书(政治大纲解析);风中劲草(三本书)、肖秀荣系列:精讲精练、1000题、讲真题、形势与政策、冲刺八套卷、最后四套卷;蒋中挺冲刺5套卷;启航20天20题
众所周知,考研英语对于准备考研的小伙伴来说至关重要。而考研英语满分是100分,时间是180分钟。平均下来,就是需要我们在18分钟内完成10分的题目。除去涂卡的时间,大概就是需要15分钟完成10分的题目。在考研英语这几大提醒中,阅读又占据了英语的大概半壁江山,传统阅读就占到40分。所以阅读的得分情况对于我们英语过线或者拿到高分都至关重要,我们应该非常重视阅读这一题型。那在备考过程中我们如何来快速而准确的完成我们的阅读题目,取得理想的分数呢?下面我们就考研英语阅读六种题型的解题技巧做个梳理和归纳总结。一、题型分析首先,我们应该从考研英语阅读的体裁进行分析,大部分阅读的文章属于议论文。那议论文的核心结构就是论点和论据两部分。阅读题目的题型主要有以下六种: ① 主旨大意题(对中心论点的考查);② 段落推断题(段落论点的考查);③ 例证题(论点和论据关系的考查);④ 态度题(作者或者文章某人对某事物的观点态度的考查);⑤ 词义句意题(对某个词或者句子意义的考查);⑥ 细节题(对文章某个细节事实信息的考查)。明确了阅读题的六大题型,我们就可以针对每个题型来梳理和归纳每类题的解题思路和技巧了。二、六大题型解题思路不同的题型考查的重点不一样,所以每类题型的解题思路也会有差异。下面我们来想归纳一下该六大题型的解题技巧,给同学们的阅读解题提供思路和方法。① 主旨大意题主旨大意题识别:该题是针对文章中心的考查。我们做阅读题目的第一步永远是识别题目。主旨大意题的识别比较简单:题干中出现title,subject, mainly about/discuss/The text intends to tell us ...等这些字眼的时候,我们要能识别出来是主旨大意题;而且在题目位置的设定上,主旨大意题一般都在最后一题。解题思路:一、通过读题干解主旨大意,一共有三种方法,分别是:1)通过题干中反复出现的普通表达及同义词来解;2)首末题干解;3)题干中的态度倾向来解。二、通过文章确定答案:1)看文章开头,围绕转折寻找文章中心;2)看看是否是“抛砖引玉”引出文章中心;3)通过文章首句判断文章中心。(注:需要提醒的是这三种读题干解主旨大意题的方法是有顺序的。永远是优先考虑第一种,第一种不能有效解题的时候在再考虑第二种,然后第三种。通过读题干我们可以解出一部分主旨大意题,还有一部分主旨大意题我们不能通过读题干解出来,这时我们可以采用第二类。第二类也是遵循同样的顺序,优先考虑第一种,有无明显转折,没有转折,再看是否是抛砖引玉,最后看首句)最后定位信息和选项进行信息匹配,选出答案。② 段落推断题段落推断题识别:1)题干中infer/imply/indicate/learn from/suggest等标志词2)某段discuss/conclude....3)Which of the following is true according to Para X ?解题思路:由于段落推断题主要是对段落论点的考查,经常考查的段落论点的位置常在段落的转折处、段首和段末出现。所以我们的解题思路是:先看段落有无明显的转折,没有明显转折再看段首,段首不能解题,再看段末。最后进行定位处信息与选项信息进行匹配,那个信息匹配度最高,哪个是我们的答案。③ 例证题例证题识别: 1)题干中example/case/story.... is to show/demonstrate/illustrate...相关字眼的;2)位置识别:把题干信息放回原文,发现信息是例子,间接判断。解题思路:识别后,用题干中的例子信息进行原文定位,(既然是例证题,所以例子作为论据是证明论点的)然后在定位的例子前找例子证明的观点信息,然后把观点信息和选项信息进行匹配,匹配度最高为答案。④ 态度题态度题识别:1)题干中有attitude,view, opinion, feel等词2)选项中是四个态度词解题思路:由于考研阅读的文章大部分来自于西方权威学术议论文,这就限定了在这样的文章中作者不能随意表达自己的观点态度。有一些态度可以表达,有一些态度不可表达。可以表达的态度:1)“正”态度,即积极、正面的态度:agree/support/positive/appreciation/...2) “负”态度,即消极、负面的态度:disagree/ oppose/ negative/critical/skeptical... 3) “中”态度,即客观的态度:objective/impartial...不可以表达的态度:1)歧视类:biased/discriminate/prejudice... 2) 冷漠类:indifference/uninterested/interested/concerned... 3)不清楚:unclear/ambiguous/uncertain... 4) 情感过于强烈,肯定或否定:enthusiastic/strongly/absolutely... 5) 容忍类:tolerance/inlgent...那么我们态度题解题思路就是识别后,先排除不可以表达的态度词,然后再用题干信息定位,通过定位信息中的态度词或者论述来判断相应的态度倾向。 ⑤ 词义句意题词义句意题识别:“某个词或句子”is closest in meaning/probably means...解题思路:先用“某个词或句子”回原文进行定位,定位到信息以后,通过上下文的逻辑关系来推测词义句意。我们常考的逻辑关系可以大致分为两大类:语义的一致(包括并列、总分、论点和论据)和语义的相反(转折、让步和对比)。如果没有明显的逻辑关系,我们还可以通过定位信息的感情色彩帮助我们推测词义句意。⑥ 细节题细节题识别:排除前五大题型,剩下的就是细节题。解题思路:细节题是对文章细节信息的考查。我们的解题步骤是:1)利用题文同序进行模糊定位,缩小解题范围; 2)利用关键词进行精准定位,锁定解题信息。(注:关键词可以分为题干中关键词和选项中关键词,优先考虑题干中关键词进行精准定位,可能涉及到题干中存在唯一关键词或者多词并用作为关键词;如果题干中没有有效信息定位,我们可以通过选项中关键词来一一定位);3)定位好信息后,把定位信息与选项信息进行匹配,哪个信息匹配度最高,哪个是答案。三、总结归纳以上就是我们针对考研阅读六大题型的识别和解题思路进行的梳理和总结。在这里再温馨提示一下:① 在做阅读的过程中,我们优先看题干有没有主旨大意题,如果有,可以先解决主旨大意题;② 在做不论哪个题型时,我们的第一步永远是识别题目。因为每种题型的解题思路都是不同的,所以我们必须先识别,再选择该题目相应的解题思路和方法; ③ 解题思路了解后,最重要的是我们利用真题进行实战演练,熟练掌握每个题型的解题技巧。希望我们总结的考研阅读的六大题型解题思路能对大家的解题提供帮助,为大家的考研梦助力,最后祝大家能够实现自己的考研梦,加油。
2020考研结束,小西老师们经过这几天的整理、研讨分析,终于把今年的真题卷研究透彻了!今天,小西带大家了解一下完形填空和阅读理解~Let's take a look!Part 1 英语一01完形填空复现结构(题目源于20考研英语一真题)02阅读理解主旨大意(题目源于20考研英语一真题)作者态度题(题目源于20考研英语一真题)Part 2 英语二01阅读理解事实细节题(题目源于20考研英语二真题)推理判断题(题目源于20考研英语二真题)词义推断题(题目源于20考研英语二真题)讲个秘密上面全部的这些题型的解题技巧,小西都在冲刺专题当中详细地讲解过,除此之外,在小西的押题密卷中,阅读理解text2与2020年英语二真题text3主题一致,都是环保类,且复现较多真题词汇。20考研英语真题text3小西押题密卷text2WOW~应该给小西老师加鸡腿!21考研的童鞋们,考研跟对老师很重要,而小西的老师刚好专业!想真题体验的童靴可以去小西考研APP上了解哦
1.单词量。记单词得用单词书,那种有解释,有例句并且例句是从考研英语真题里出的书。这种书会看的相对慢一点,所以第一次看必须把单词分等级,完全不会三颗星,有一些印象的两颗星。复习考研英语第二遍的时候要是会了就把星星去掉。为了确保考研英语复习时间可控性,所以建议你们现在开始看!!2、阅读题方法单词量上来了之后,考研英语阅读题还是会有你看不懂的单词。首先看题目,画出关键词,再超快速浏览一遍文章。最后开始做题,每一题在文中找对应段落,一般是按顺序来的。首先,考研英语阅读题一共分为细节题,段落大意题,举例论证证点题,文章主旨题,猜测句意或词意题。①细节题。这种题目一般是说:关于什么什么,下列哪一个是对的或是错的。回到原文中把题目的中心单词找出来,再在这里前后三四句把文章中对应选项的句子找出来,做比对,就OK了。②段落大意。考研英语阅读真题里面的段落大意不难的。也是在文中找出对应的地方,一般这一段的句首或上一段的句末的第一句话就差不多是这一段的大意。如果没有这种中心句的话,你看这一段它主要讲什么,这一段中间有没有总结性的句子,哪个选项最接近,就选哪个。③举例论证题。考研英语阅读题目就是这一个故事是说明了什么。首先也是文中找到对应的内容。再来就是往前或往后找,总会有一句话是它的中心,为了要说这个才讲例子的。这种题不可能在文中找不到它的中心句。一般是例子的前一句或后一句。④文章主旨。这一类会有文章说了什么,选文章题目等等。这首先把握整体考研英语阅读文章的基调,二把握每段主体叙述对象就差不多了,哪个对象说的最多,就是哪个。⑤猜句意和举例论证像是反过来,这种句子一般后面跟的是一个例子,把例子看个大概明白OK。猜词意的话一般在这一段的某个地方会有它的替换词。
考研英语阅读专项练习,有没有推荐的?建议直接从真题开始做起吧,就把真题里的阅读拿出来练习,你可以复印上几份反复做,或者做题的时候用铅笔做,做完一遍擦掉再做。想要阅读得到突破,做一遍是没什么效果的,要多做,做多了才能掌握出题规律。我一般是这么来做题的:1.先按照考试时间把题做完。2.扫清阅读障碍。①做完真题后先自己翻译,遇到不认识的单词时,立刻把它记到笔记本上,一定要把它弄懂。②遇到不懂的长难句,你就可以看看《考研真相》上的详细的句子图解,学着拆分这个句子,把这个长难句搞明白,适合基础薄弱的同学。3.搞清楚题目问题,弄懂答案选项。①做题的时候首先要看题目问的什么,通过问题定位到原文的哪一个点,找到原句子,进行分析,选出正确答案。②并且要思考:为什么选A,为什么不选BCD,一定要搞清楚原因。4.翻译全文,理清文章脉络。①做完题后,把全文在不看译文的情况下,翻译一遍②这样做的目的是锻炼你对句子整体的把握,培养你的语感。让你知道知道整句话是讲的什么。大约一篇文章下来差不多2个半小时,可以一篇文章用2天来解决,如果是2天的话,那么第二天翻译的时候要把句与句之间的关系思考一下,上下句是什么关系,进行一个大概的梳理。同时分享一些做题小技巧给你,你可以在平时做题的时候多留意。1. 用文章里举例的句子来作为选项,直接排除。200%错。要知道---例子都是用来证明观点的!2. 某某人说的话,或者是带引号的,一定要高度重视。尤其是在段落的后半部分。很有可能就是某个问题的同意替换,即题眼。3. 文章基本以5段为主(也有6段、7段的),要把握每段之间的关系。一般来说,一段一个题,只是一般来说喔。4. 有时候每段的第一句话,仅仅是一个表述。而在第2或3句以后,会出现对比或者转折。一般来说,转折后面的是作者的态度。你要注意的是,作者对什么进行了转折。那个关键词你要找出来。5. 在应该出现答案的地方,没有答案。接着往下读。答案可能会在下一段的开头部分。因为文章都是接着说的。要有连贯性。6.正确选项都是原文中的个别几个词的同义替换。阅读理解历年的所有真题,都是同意替换!就看你能不能找得到。考研英语,考的就是这个那个关键词,就看你找没找得到,不管是什么类型的题。7.每一个问题,在原文中,都要有一个定位。然后精读,找出那个中心句或者关键词。要抓文章的中心主旨和各段落的大意,阅读理解考的就是这个“中心句”。说了这么多,还是要你自己去练习,做的多了,自然就熟悉了,熟悉了还怕搞不定阅读吗?加油吧!
考研英语真题阅读理解部分该如何分析?Q:天道考研盼盼老师你好,请问,英语真题阅读理解A部分阅读,做完后应该如何分析?从哪几方面做好笔记呢?A:建议第一遍掐表练习,错多少都没关系,主要是熟悉考试节奏,做完一篇或是四篇后,看错在哪里,如果还不清楚的话,建议先逐字逐句翻译一遍,从文章到问题以及选项都要翻译,即使翻译出来的不成语句也要坚持,翻译几篇后你就会发现这样做的意义啦。把不认识的单词、词组、长难句抄下来,把句子结构分析透彻,经常拿出来翻翻记记。翻译一遍后大概就会清楚文章的意思了,然后自己根据参考资料研究,最主要的目的是分析透文章结构,问题设置方向以及选项中的陷阱。按照这一方式,把各篇文章问题设置特点,以及常出现的陷阱进行归纳,总结出规律,这样才能提高阅读的正确率。大二考生应该怎么选择院校和专业呢?Q:老师你好,我现在是一名大二的学生,学的计算机专业,我是女生,就考研的话本专业自己觉得太难了,有什么好的意见吗?A:你现在是大二,准备时间比较长。目前的阶段,你可以认真打好英语的基础,英语的提高是个长期过程,你有充足的时间来学好英语。在这一阶段你可以多关注一下各个专业的考查方向以及考情,通过网上查阅或是图书馆翻阅相关书籍,或者也可以蹭你们学校其他专业的课程,多感受一下,根据自身的兴趣爱好与专业素质的高低来选择最适合自己的专业。
嗨,这里是小恬的第七篇文章。在前面六篇文章中,小恬已经把一篇完型、四篇阅读和一篇七选五翻译完毕(点击蓝字链接即可阅读)2020考研英语一真题翻译22020考研英语一真题翻译32020考研英语一真题翻译42020考研英语一真题翻译52020考研英语一真题翻译6剩余的翻译、作文部分因为大家都有答案,就准备只将三道题目翻译一下。另外为了感谢大家的收藏和分享,小恬打算在文末跟大家分享一下完型、阅读和七选五的答题技巧,都是干货啦。第三部分 翻译仔细阅读以下文本,然后将画横线部分翻译成中文。你的翻译应该整洁地书写在答题卡上。(10分)第四部分 写作A部分你的大学的学生会安排你通知国际学生一个即将到来的歌唱音乐会。写一则百字左右的公告。将你的答案写在答题卡上。在公告里不要用你自己的名字。B部分根据下面的图片写一篇160到200字的文章。在文章中,你应该:1、简要描述图片2、说明隐含意义3、给出你的观点将答案写在答题卡上。(20分)考研英语真题答题技巧分享:一、完型1.梳理介词意义考研英语对常见单词考得很细,尤其是介词(如to, by, with用于连接句子成分)、连词(如since, if, unless, while可用于连接句子)这些种类的单词,本身数量并不多,更容易掌握。备考时将这些词语统计一下,一个一个对照词典查好共有哪些意义,还有相互之间的辨析,如20年真题的in, on, at, under。2.犹豫不决时,将候选单词分别放上去默读,选择通顺的那个。如完型最后一题,just end up with就比just follow up with通顺,也是最恰当的。二、阅读理解1.分类型做题。一般看完文章后,不要立刻答题,而是先看题目类型。对于文章主要内容learn from the text、文章标题best title of the text的可以作答,因为考察的是文章主要内容和思想倾向,这在文章总是重复出现而且第一印象会比较深刻。而题目限定了某一段(出现Paragraph)、某个人、某个机构(句中单词首字母会大写如第二篇文章的Elsevier,第三篇文章的Catalyst,甚至以缩略词出现,整个单词大写,如第四篇文章OECO)的时候,需要回到文章,寻找对应的目标。此时不要太相信自己的记忆完全依靠它来作答,因为记忆是偏向总体性、主观的,而细节是部分的、客观的,往往会有出入。2.利用出题顺序。一般来说,细节理解题的顺序与文章段落顺序一致,寻找答案时可以依据段落顺序寻找。例如,如果第一题对应了第一段,第二题的就在第二三段,搜索关键词的时候可以不用看第一段和比较后的段落。如第四篇文章,第37题提到Paragraph 2(第二段),第39题提到Paragraph 5(第五段),那么第38题肯定在第三、四段找。3.原文与答案对比。此时需要细心对照,一般完全不同和完全相同的可以直接排除。出现原文同义词的大概率是正确答案。如第36题,选项的impose a levy 和原文的impose a…… tax, 选项的 tech multinationals和原文的multinationals that ……digital services 就是部分完全相同,部分同义词替换。三、七选五1.锁定关键词。七选五一般是一段选一句,我们需要从段落层面概括每一段的大意,提炼核心,再与七个句子的关键词比对,挑选最适合的一项。2.注意修饰词。七个句子一般都不是长句,每个单词都有其存在的意义,不能随便删除,故而其中的修饰词必须在上下文中有所体现。如G选项的could also be,也,那么前文肯定出现过与主语eye contact或者表语aggressive相同或者相反的单词。对比C选项can be friendly,可以判断的是,如果C和G两个选项都需要选进文中,C填入的空格肯定在G前。尤其注意定语(如选项的most, biological, friendly),它们或是它们的同义词需要在对应的段落出现。当然,所有答题技巧都要靠实力支撑,否则也只能沦为奇技淫巧。考研初试英语实力,主要靠的单词和语法基础。再次推荐一下新概念系列,多看、多读、多分析其中的文章,搞定语法和单词。这门课程对提升听说能力也大有裨益。祝大家初试第一、复试第一、总分第一,成功上岸!
备考的童鞋们,考研英语阅读真题都做过一遍了吗?那么,你需要试一下新的阅读方式——“老干部”式看报!相信很多同学应该都知道,考研英语真题几乎都是摘自英美主流权威报刊杂志,入选的文章经常出现外国广泛关注的话题。如果你有精力在复习英语时,挤出一些阅读题源报纸的时间,培养阅读思维和语感,会在英语考试中更有把握。搜索网上关于题源刊物的归纳,主要集中在Newsweek《新闻周刊》,New York Times《纽约时报》,U.S.News and World Report《美国新闻与世界报道》,Times《时代周刊》这几本名声响当当的报纸杂志。但是,通过分析对比近几年考研阅读真题的题源,不难发现,出题人早已另有所爱。先来看看近几年都有哪些刊物向考研英语输送了真题文章。2020年英语(一)、英语(二)的阅读题文章中三篇来自The Guardian《卫报》,其余文章分别来自Newsweek《新闻周刊》、Times《时代周刊》、New York Times《纽约时报》。2019年英语(一)、英语(二)的阅读题文章中两篇来自The Christian science monitor《基督教科学箴言报》,两篇来自The Atlantic《大西洋月刊》,两篇来自网站Bloomberg“彭博网”。2018年英语(一)、英语(二)的阅读题文章中三篇来自The Christian science monitor《基督教科学箴言报》,两篇来自The Guardian《卫报》,一篇来自网站Bloomberg“彭博网”等。……小编在这里就不一一列举了,直接上干货!近八年出题人PICK最多的“选手”刊物都在这了——并附上官方网站。1.The Guardian《卫报》八年间,《卫报》一共有13篇文章被考研英语选中,足以见得,C位非它莫属,你的目光也一定要紧紧跟随C位的文章,阅读报纸的首选。2.The Christian science monitor《基督教科学箴言报》第二顺位的《基督教科学箴言报》,从2016年起,每年至少有一篇阅读文章来自这个报纸,稳定的命题率让它毫无悬念的“高位出道”。3.The Atlantic《大西洋月刊》《大西洋月刊》以其深刻的内容和优美的文字,成为题源刊物的“潜力股”。这本关于文学、政治、科学与艺术的杂志,不仅是美国最受尊敬的杂志之一,也是政治人物必读刊物。4.The Economist《经济学人》《经济学人》在题源刊物中可谓是“常青树”般的存在,过去十年,频频入选考研英语真题。这本看似是主讲经济的杂志其实是个“大杂烩”,包括政治、经济、文化、科技、历史等诸多话题。追求用最小的篇幅传达更多的信息,机智幽默的同时,又不失严肃。除此之外,有精力的同学也可以涉猎阅读《时代周刊》、《自然杂志》、《新闻周刊》、《华盛顿邮报》等刊物。考研的时间这么紧迫,看报当然也要讲究效率,不能盲目阅读。一个小技巧教会你如何筛选文章:1.挑选接近真题长度的文章,大致在3-6个段落,字数控制在400-500之间。2.挑选近三年关于经济、社会生活和文化、科技教育等话题文章。小编提醒,题源刊物一定程度上会对阅读有所帮助,但仍要根据自身情况,谨慎选择!英语基础薄弱的同学要先以历年真题为主,切不可因小失大。