考研英语语法2020

以下是宏博太奇考研小编为大家准备整理的“2020考研英语语法全面举例讲解：过去将来时”，希望对考生有帮助！2020考研英语语法解析：过去将来时(1)由should/would + 动词原形构成。第一人称用should; 第二、三人称用would。美国英语所有人称一律用would. should/would 的简略形式为’d, 如I’d, you’d; would not 和should not的简略形式分别为wouldn’t 和shouldn’t.(2)过去将来时表示从过去某时间看将要发生的事情，多用在宾语从句中。还可以表示过去的倾向或过去经常发生的事情。如：They asked me if I would go to Guangzhou soon. 他们问我是否很快要去广州。She told me she would come again next week. 她和我说她下周还来。I told him to leave immediately, but he wouldn’t. 我告诉他马上离开，但他不。He’d play the violin when he was in low spirits. 他情绪低落的时候，就拉小提琴。When I was in college, I would find a part-time job ring the summer holidays every year to earn my tuition. 我上大学的时候，每年暑假都找份临时工挣学费。(3)其他表示过去将来时的结构：以上是宏博太奇考研为大家准备整理的“2020考研英语语法全面举例讲解：过去将来时”的相关内容。 宏博太奇考研将为大家及时提供相关资讯。

以下是宏博太奇考研小编为大家准备整理的“2020考研英语语法全面举例讲解：逻辑意义一致原则”，希望对考生有帮助！2020考研英语语法解析：逻辑意义一致原则逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须与主语的意义一致(因有时主语的形式是单数，但意义却为复数;有时主语形式为复数，而意义却为单数)。具体请看下文。1. what， who， which， any， more， all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。如：Which is your bag? / Which are your bags? / All is going well. / All have gone to Beijing.2. 表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体，如：Thirty minutes is enough for the work.3. 若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。如：“The Arabian Nights” is an interesting story-book.4. 表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式(也可用复数。如：One and a half apples is (are) left on the table.5. 算式中表示数目(字)的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。如：Twelve plus eight is twenty. / Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.6. 一些学科名词是以 –ics 结尾，如：mathematics， politics， physics 以及news， works等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：The paper works was built in 1990. / I think physics isn‘t easy to study.7. trousers， glasses， clothes， shoes， 等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a (the) pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。如：My glasses are broken. / The pair of shoes under the bed is his.8. “定冠词the + 形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，动词用复数。以上是宏博太奇考研为大家准备整理的“2020考研英语语法全面举例讲解：逻辑意义一致原则”的相关内容。得暑假者得考研， 我在宏博太奇考研暑假集训等你！

以下是宏博太奇考研小编为大家准备整理的“2020考研英语语法全面举例讲解：省略不定式的情况”，希望对考生有帮助！2020考研英语语法解析：省略不定式的情况为了避免重复，不定式可省略，但to有时保留，有时不保留。例如：You will make it if you try (to). 如果你努力，你会成功的。George says he is going to leave Shanghai, but I don’t think he really wants to. George 说要离开上海，但是我不认为他真的愿意走。Some of them retired, and others were ready to. 一些人退休了，还有的准备退。He always speaks faster than he needs to. 他说话总是没必要的快。I’d like to do it now, but I haven’t got the time (to). 我倒是想现在干，但没时间。“Would you go there with me?” “I’m glad to.” “你愿意和我一起去吗?”“愿意。”“Did you pass the exam?” “No, I tried (to), but I failed.” “你考试及格了吗?”“没有，我努力了，但没成功。“Do you want to sing them an English song?” “I prefer not to.” “你愿意为他们唱首英文歌吗?”“我不想唱。”You’d better sing an English song if they ask you (to) again.如果他们再要求你，你最后唱一首英文歌。后面常省略不定式而保留to的结构，还有：used to 常常 be going to 打算mean to 打算 ought to 应该plan to 计划 want to 要想两个不定式由and, or, except, but, than 连接时第二个可省略to，尤其是两个不定式紧密相连时。例如:I intend to call on him and discuss this question again. 我打算去拜访他并和他谈谈这个问题。I’d like to lie down and go to sleep. 我想躺下睡觉。You’re free to talk or laugh here. 在这里你可以随便说笑。I’m anxious to go and ask him about it. 我急于去问问他这个事。Do you want to have lunch now or wait till later? 你想现在吃午饭还是再等会儿?We had nothing to do except (to) look at the posters outside the cinema. 我们无事可做，只有看看电影院外面的招贴。He had nothing to do except talk nonsense. 除了胡说八道，他没别的事干。I would rather die than be insulted. 我宁死也不受侮辱。以上是宏博太奇考研为大家准备整理的“2020考研英语语法全面举例讲解：省略不定式的情况”的相关内容。宏博太奇考研将为大家及时提供相关资讯。得暑假者得考研， 我在宏博太奇8月暑假集训等你。

以下是宏博太奇考研小编为大家准备整理的“2020考研英语语法全面举例讲解：将来进行时”，希望对考生有帮助！2020考研英语语法解析：将来进行时shall/will be + 现在分词用法：将来进行时动词表示在将来某一段时间内将会发生的动作。This time next week we shall be working in that factory. 下星期这时候，我们将在那个工厂劳动。When I get up tomorrow morning, my mother will be getting breakfast for me. 当我明天早晨起床时，我妈妈将在为我准备早饭。I will be seeing him next month. 我下个月将要见他。Tomorrow we will be going to the village fair. 我们明天去赶集。We will be taking our holiday at the seaside in July. 七月份我们要去海边度假。一般将来时与将来进行时都表示将来，那么如何区别一般将来时和将来进行时呢?将来进行时不表示个人意愿，强调主观上感觉某事即将发生，并对这一事情有着期待，感情色彩较浓，强调动作。一般将来时主要是对某一事情即将发生做一个事实性的说明或陈述，强调事实或意愿。以上是宏博太奇考研为大家准备整理的“2020考研英语语法全面举例讲解：将来进行时”的相关内容。宏博太奇考研将为大家及时提供相关资讯。我在宏博太奇暑假集训等你！

2020考研英语一真题及答案【完整版】！【完形】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案（1-20）1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up【阅读】Section III Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for Zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. "A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a "town of culture" award could [A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as [A] a sensible compromise.[B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-cotching bonus.[D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it [A] endeavours to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present [A] a contrasting case.[B] a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D] a related topic.25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical[B] Objective[C] Favourable[D] Critical答案（21-25）21.D focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.B a self-deceiving attempt.23.D commits to its long-term growth.24.B a supporting example.25.C Favourable.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money, Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the proction of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing instry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers proced in the world, made profits of more than f 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than f 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every pay walled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms; either freely available from the moment of publication,or pay walled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their proct free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around500 to $5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these "article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because [A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.!27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have [A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing instry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? [A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned.[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms [A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] rece the cost of publication substantially.[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D] The few feed on the many.答案（26-30）26.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27.A thrived mainly on university libraries.28.D Encouraged.29.A allow publishers some room to make money.30.D The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are lessthan40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feelgood but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will [A] help little to rece gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the Califormia measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C] It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate [A] the harm from arbitrary board decision. [B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to [A] the underestimation of elite women's role[B] the objection to female participation on boards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women's need in employment should be considered.[B] Feasibility, should be a prime concern in policy making.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.答案（31-35）31.A help little to rece gender bias.32.C It may go against the Constitution.33.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.35.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.Text4 :Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a"GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple, Facebook and Amazon-in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax).Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance, law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union. Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach aconsensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to [A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax [A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that [A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work [A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to in involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy答案（36-40）36.C impose alevy on tech multinationals.37.A may trigger countermeasures against France.38.B the current international tax system needs upgrading39.C is faced with uncertain prospects.40.B France leads the charge on Digital TaxPart B Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fix actions are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated [F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor ring a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact: We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In althood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42. Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer ring a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond ring direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.44. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image. are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45. In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues "Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.答案（41-45）41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signal42.E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43.G Eye contact can also be aggressive44.A Eye fixactions are brief45.D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence ring the 14h century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17h century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored itellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) Before each of their revelations many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking.including the geo-centric view that the Earth was a the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory ring a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress. this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe ring most of 17h century. (49) As many took on the ty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17h and I8h centuries were times of radical change and curiosity, Scientific method,rectionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase' sapere aude' or dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay" An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?".It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.答案（46-50）46.随着教会的教义和思维方式在文艺复兴时期黯然失色，中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合，从而出现了新的及尚未开发的知识领域。47.在每个真理揭示之前，当时的许多思想家都采用了更古老的思维方式，仍旧沿用以前的思维模式，其中包括认为地球是宇宙中心的地球中心说。48.尽管教会试图镇压这-代逻辑学家和理性主义者，但人们对宇宙如何运转的解释却越来越多，并且以-种不容忽视的速度在增加。49.当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时，文艺复兴时代已经结束，并且开启了一个新的时代。50.此类寻求知识和了解已知信息的行为被拉丁语概括为：“sapere aude"即"敢于求知”作文Section ll WritingPart A51. Directions:The students union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest. White a notice in about 100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice. (10 points)小作文：通知留学生唱歌比赛 【参考范文】NoticeDec.21, 2019In order to enrich the campus life and provide the colorful life for you, the Students' Union is preparing the upcoming singing contest, which will be held in the auditorium in our university on the evening of December 31, 2019. Now, the Union is recruiting contestants for this competition.Anyone who are fond of signing or interested in the competition, please send his or her application to students’union@sohu.com before next Wednesday. Besides, there are generous awards in gratitude for this activity. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any queries concerning the singing contest. Meanwhile, volunteers for this activity are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs.We are looking forward to your participation.The Students' UnionPart B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below, In your essay, you should1) Describe the picture briefly,2) Interpret the implied meaning, and3) Give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)大作文：习惯良好的时间管理习惯 【参考范文】Portrayed distinctively by the two cartoons above is an impressive scene: a girl in the left picture is doing homework and saying that early completion is better. Nevertheless, the boy in the right picture is sitting in front of the desk and saying that he will not finish the homework until the last minute.Undoubtedly, the symbolic implication of the pictures is to show us that importance should be attached to the formation of good habits, especially the good habit of time management. On the one hand, efficient time management is critical to personal development. As the old saying goes,“Time is money," and in the fast-paced modern life, it seems that we always have a lot of things to do and we are very busy. In the face of such a situation, we have to realize that efficiency holdsthe key to saving time and time management skills hold the key to personal success. On the other hand, good time management habits play a vital role in the development of the whole society. There is no doubt that, to a large extent, social progress is closely related to the efforts of each indivial. If we can develop the good habit of time management, we are much more likely to improve efficiency and have a better performance in the learning and working process, which is anintegral part of social advances and prosperity.From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that the sense of efficient time management skills is of equal importance in personal and social progress.Therefore,we ought to take advantage of the phenomenon to enlighten the public and the press is expected to take a lead in advertising the value of developing good time management habits. Only in this way can we have a bright future.以上便是整理的2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案，2021考研的小伙伴可以参考真题，准备明年12月的考研初试。下面分享一份公共课书单，希望对大家有用：【英语书单】单词：闪过英语《考研词汇闪过》按重要程度划分了频考词、基础词、偶考词、超纲词，划重点，后期冲刺只背高频词和基础词，省时间。真题：《考研真相》（英语二：考研圣经）：一词一句讲解真题，重点词汇和每个句子都有详细讲解，不怕你看不懂，还有排除干扰项的方法，帮助提高答对率，适合基础弱的人。作文：英语一《写作160篇》/英语二《写作宝中宝》：通过词句段篇先教你学会写作文，再用三步作文法帮你拔高，专门针对基础薄弱的。【数学书单】《张宇真题大全解》：从94年到现在的真题都包括了，讲解很好，帮助研究数学题型。李永乐王式安660题：用这本书练习做题，都是经典题型！同济六版/七版《高等数学》上、下同济五版/六版《线性代数》课本：《线性代数》、《概率论》、《数理统计》【政治书单】官方红宝书（政治大纲解析）；风中劲草（三本书）、肖秀荣系列：精讲精练、1000题、讲真题、形势与政策、冲刺八套卷、最后四套卷；蒋中挺冲刺5套卷；启航20天20题

考研英语的难度是比较高的，而其中的阅读题是整个考研英语中内容最复杂、难度最大的一部分。很多同学的阅读题几乎全军覆没，最后导致英语没能过国家线，而错失了今年读研的机会。那么，考研英语阅读题到底难在哪里？我们又该如何应对呢？一、难点一：文章中的单词不认识，句子无法理解很多同学拿来一篇文章大概扫一眼就会发现，几乎百分之六七十的单词都不认识。如果一篇文章中大部分单词都不认识，那么百分之二百都是基本功没做好。在进入阅读专项之前是需要积累大量词汇的。考研单词5000个，其核心单词2000个是必须烂熟于心才能去做题的。文章首先就是由单词构成的，单词不过关做阅读题就会寸步难行。认识单词之后就是连词成句，这也是很多同学卡壳的地方，最常见的情况就是单词都认识，却无法理解整句话的意思，很多人最后理解的文章意思牛头不对马嘴，做题必然错一片。而这其中最主要的原因就是语法不过关，理解能力差，这是需要勤加训练才能克服的。二、难点二：看得懂文章却选不对答案在背过了单词，学过了语法也能理解文章基本意思之后，还是有一部分同学做不对题。为什么自己明明看懂了文章，理解了意思，还是做错题？这其中最主要的原因是做题时加入了主观色彩。阅读题最忌讳不尊重原文而加入主观色彩去选答案，基本一选一个错，而答案中也会专门给你设坑，让你踩坑而不自知。所以，大家做阅读题时一定要非常客观，所有的答案都要回到原文中去一一对应，原文没有提到的，答案说的再有道理都不能选。三、难点三：耗费时间过多，严重影响后面做题阅读题内容多，难度大，确实需要花费很多时间，但是要在合理范围内，不可超时。考研英语答题时间为三个小时，其中分配于阅读题的时间大概在72-80分钟，一旦超时，会严重影响之后的答题节奏，造成不可挽回的损失。很多同学因为刚入考场特别紧张和焦虑，所以一时半会儿进入不了状态，一篇文章看了一遍又一遍，最后白白浪费时间。其实不如一开始花几分钟时间调整心态，平静下来再答题，效果会更好些。还有一部分原因就是平时模拟训练的次数不够，从不掐时间做题，而导致真正到考场时时间把握不准。四、应对之策造成以上难点的原因，有一部分是因为考研英语阅读题本身就比较有难度，但是大部分原因在于大家自己。想要应对这些难点，做好英语阅读题，拿到高分，最重要的就是训练。单词的积累在这里不必多说，语法也应该提前搞定，最重要的就是关于做题手感和做题技巧，这是需要不断打磨的。大家可以在有了一定基础后，把07-15年的阅读真题仔细琢磨一番，一定会大有收获。至于做题时间的问题，就需要大家平时做题时自觉掐时间完成，不要一道题做三四十分钟，那样是没有任何效果的。以上给大家梳理了一下在面对考研英语阅读题时会遇到的困难，其实困难的主要原因就是基本功不扎实，平时练的太少。如果2020考研的小伙伴们想要在英语上取得高分，那么阅读分数一定要拿稳，希望大家埋头学习，勤加训练，最后收获好结果。

以下是宏博太奇考研小编为大家准备整理的“2020考研英语语法全面举例讲解：过去进行时”，希望对考生有帮助！2020考研英语语法解析：过去进行时由助动词be 的过去式 + 现在分词构成。其中be有人称和数的变化，第一、第三人称单数用was，其他用were.1)过去进行时动词主要表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行或持续进行的动作。过去进行时经常与过去时配合使用。例如：This time yesterday, we were having an English lesson. 昨天这个时候，我们正在上英语课。The teacher was giving us a lesson when Tom walked into the room. 老师在给我们上课时，汤姆走进教室。While we were having supper, all the lights went out. 我们吃饭的时候，灯灭了。He was reading while she was setting the table. 她摆桌子时，他在读书。It was getting dark. The wind was rising. 天渐渐黑下来了。风势增强了。2)过去进行时动词常用always, continually, frequently 等词连用，表示过去经常发生的行为。这种用法表明带有的感情色彩。例如：The two brothers were frequently quarreling when they were young. 两兄弟小时候常吵架。In Qing Dynasty, China was always making concessions to western powers. 清朝时，中国总是对西方列强妥协。以上是宏博太奇考研为大家准备整理的“2020考研英语语法全面举例讲解：过去进行时”的相关内容。 宏博太奇考研将为大家及时提供相关资讯。 暑假集训来了，20考研的小哥哥，小姐姐们准备好参加了么?

以下是宏博太奇考研小编为大家准备整理的“2020考研英语语法全面举例讲解：一般将来时”，希望对考生有帮助！2020考研英语语法解析：一般将来时一般将来时动词表示将来发生的动作或情况。主要有以下几种表现形式：(1)shall/will + 动词原形表示单纯的将来，不涉及主语的主观意愿。第一人称I, we用shall 或will，其余用will. 其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下：否定式I shall/will not study….You will not study….He will not study….疑问式Shall I study…?Will you study…?Will he study…?否定疑问式Shall I not (shan't i) study…?Will you not (Won't you) study…?Will he not (Won't he) study….?简单回答（肯定/否定）Yes, you will. No, you won't.Yes, I shall/will. No, I shan't/won't.Yes, he will. No, he won't.例如：I shall be twenty years old next year. 我明年二十岁。The sky is black. I think it will rain. 天黑下来了。我想可能会下雨。You will meet him at the station this afternoon. 你下午会在车站碰到他。The train will arrive soon. 火车快要到了。When shall we see you next time? 我们下次什么时候能看见你呢?He probably won’t go with us. 他大概不能和我们一起去。注意：1)shall, will的缩写形式为’ll, 如I’ll, you’ll, he’ll 和she’ll等。2)will 用于第一人称时，可以表示将来的意愿、决心、允诺、命令等;shall用于第二、三人称时，可以表示说话人的将来的意愿。例如：I will give you a new pen for your birthday. 我将送你一支新钢笔作为生日礼物。(允诺)I will take the college entrance examination. 我将参加大学入学考试。(决心)Shall I open the window? 我打开窗户好吗?(征求允诺)You shall have the book as soon as I get it. 我一拿到书就给你。(说话人的允诺)The enemy shall not pass. 决不让敌人通过。(说话人的保证)I will do my best to help you. 我愿意尽力帮助你。(意愿)Nobody shall be late for the meeting. 任何人开会都不能迟到。(说话人的命令)(2)be going + 动词不定式1)这种结构表示主体现在打算在最近或将来要做某事。这种打算往往是事先考虑好的。例如：My brother is going to learn English next year. 我哥哥准备明年学英语。I am going to meet Tom at the station at six. 我六点钟要到火车站去接汤姆。She is not going to be there. 她不会到那儿去的。When are you going to finish your work? 你的工作什么时候做完?He is going to stay a week. 他准备呆一星期。We are going to call a meeting to discuss it. 我们准备开个会来讨论一下。2)这种结构还可以表示说话人根据已有的迹象认为非常可能即将发生某事。例如：Look at these black clouds?it is going to rain. 看这些乌云?要下雨了。I think it is going to snow. 我看要下雪。I am afraid I am going to have a bad cold. 恐怕我要得重感冒。以上是宏博太奇考研为大家准备整理的“2020考研英语语法全面举例讲解：一般将来时”的相关内容。 宏博太奇考研将为大家及时提供相关资讯。暑假集训正在进行，你可以了解的。

以下是宏博太奇考研小编为大家准备整理的“2020考研英语语法全面举例讲解：被动语态”，希望对考生有帮助！2020考研英语语法解析：被动语态(一)简介在英语中，语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语的关系。英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态(active voice) 表示主语是动作的执行者;被动语态(passive voice)表示主语是动作的承受者。如：Saddam is being tried. 萨达姆正在接受审判。The Iraqi government is trying Saddam. 伊拉克政府正在审判萨达姆。More and more people use computers now.(主动语态)Computers are more and more widely used now.(被动语态)English is spoken all over the world. (被动语态)(二)英汉两种语言在表达被动方式上的差异汉语表达被动语态非常简单明了，用“被”“遭”“受”等词来表示，如“被捕”、“被杀”、“受到凌辱”等。而英语表达被动的方式也不复杂，用“助动词be+动词的过去分词”表示。其中助动词be有人称、数量和时态的变化，而这正是英语被动语态的难点。(三)被动语态的构成被动语态由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。这里要强调一定是及物动词的过去分词，因为不及物动词不能带宾语，也就不可能有被动语态。英语主动语态有16个时态;被动语态常用的有8个，以give为例说明如下：考研英语完型、阅读、翻译及写作都不开语法知识，语法是基础，考生一定要熟悉，且灵活的掌握。2017考研复习之初，今天给大家讲解语法知识点，希望考生能够从现在日积月累，最终质变提升。下面讲解的是关于省略结构的知识点，大家请看：2020考研英语语法小讲：被动语态的疑问句是将第一个助动词移到主语之前、句末用问号;否定式是在第一个助动词后加not或never等其他否定词、句末用句号。如：“During the interview, were you asked questions in English?” “No, I wasn’t asked questions in English.” “面试的时候，用英语问你问题了吗?”“没有，没有用英语问我问题。”The origin of the universe will probably never be explained. 宇宙的起源大概永远也不会被解释清楚。Is the restaurant being decorated? 那家餐馆正在装修吗?The restaurant is not being decorated. In the fact the restaurant has never been decorated。 那家餐馆没有在装修。实际上，那家餐馆从来没有装修过。(四)被动语态的用法1、不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者。换个说法，有一件事情不知道是谁干的或者不想说出是谁干的，这时就用被动语态。例如：I felt a littlie nervous when I was being interviewed. 我接受面试的时候，有点紧张。These fighters are imported from Russia. 这些战斗机是从俄国进口的。That place has been turned into a swimming pool. 那个地方已被变成游泳池。2、说话或发表意见时，为了显得客观公正，也常用被动语态He’s said/believed/reported to be in the U. S. A. 据说/据信/据报道他在美国。还有下列常用句型(that后面跟句子)：It is said that……. 据说It is reported that……. 据报道It is hoped that……. 希望It is believed that……. 人们相信It is announced that……. 据宣布it is (well) known that……. 众所周知It has been decided that……. 已经决定It is supposed that……. 人们认为It is suggested that……. 有人建议It must be remembered that……. 务必记住It is taken for granted that……. 被视为当然(五)主动句变被动句的注意事项一是时态不能改变;二是变为被动语态后，谓语动词要和被动语态的主语在人称、数上保持一致。还要作如下变动：把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语;主动语态的主语放在by的后面，组成介词短语，再把这个介词短语放在被动语态的谓语动词之后。在动作的执行者无须说明或不必要强调时，by短语可以省略。例如：They will open a new supermarket there soon. 他们很快将在那里开办个新超市。A new supermarket will be opened there soon. 一个新超市不久将在那里开办。The doctor gave two lectures in English. 那位医生用英语讲了两次课。Two lectures were given by the doctor in English. 由那位医生用英语讲了两次课。Somebody has warned us to be careful of rats. 有人警告我们要当心老鼠。We have been warned to be careful of rats. 我们受到警告，要当心老鼠。如果主动语态有两个宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)，变为被动语态时，可将其中任何一个宾语变为主语，另一个不变。但较常见的是将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语。The reporters asked the president some questions. 记者们问了总统一些问题。The president was asked some questions by the reporters. ( 变间接宾语为主语)Some questions were asked the president by the reporters. (变直接宾语为主语)We have given him a job. 我们已给了他一个工作。He has been given a job. (变间接宾语为主语)A job has been given (to) him. (变直接宾语为主语)(六)含有情态动词的被动语态句中含有情态动词时，其被动语态的结构是：情态动词+be+过去分词：The timetable can be changed any time. 时间表随时可以改变。This book may not be taken out of the reading room. 这本书不允许带出阅览室。This dictionary must be taken good care of. 这本词典必须保管好。(七)关于被动语态的几点说明1、有些动词形式上是主动，意义上是被动。例如:School begins in September. 学校九月份开学。The library doesn’t open on Sunday. 图书馆星期天不开放。The machine runs well. 这台机器容易操作。My pen writes well. 我的钢笔好使。The cloth washes well. 这料子耐洗。The dictionary sells well. 这词典销路很好。The book hardly sells. 这书买不出去。The door will not shut/lock. 门关/锁不上。2、make, see, watch, hear, notice, feel等使役动词和感官动词的宾语后面可以接不带to的不定式作宾补。但在被动语态中，不定式符号to必须补上。例如：They made him go. 他们让他去。He was made to go. 他被要求去了。I heard him say good-bye to his friends. 我听见他向他的朋友说再见。He was heard to say good-bye to his friends. 有人听到他向他的朋友说再见。3、除助动词be外，动词get有时也可跟过去分词构成被动语态，是比较口语化的一种被动语态。这种结构中很少用by短语。例如:I got lost in the huge market. 在那个巨大的市场中我迷失了方向。You might get killed/hurt. 你会送命/受伤的。In the end this story got translated into English. 这故事最后被译成了英文。His car got damaged in a road accident. 他的车在交通事故中被毁了。4、“have/get+宾语+过去分词”这个句型也表达了一种被动的意思。如：I’ll have the bike repaired in no time. 我一会就把自行车修好。I had my wallet stolen/lost last Sunday when I was shopping. 上星期天买东西的时候我的钱夹被盗。He got his leg broken when playing football. 踢足球的时候他把腿弄断了。I bought these books at a discount and had two hundred dollars saved. 我打折买了这些书，省了两百美元。5、在need, want, require后面，主动的-ing形式表达被动的意思：My watch needs cleaning. (=…needs to be cleaned) 我的表需要清洗。Your garden needs watering. (=…to be watered) 你的花园需要浇水。Does your suit require pressing, sir? 先生，您的衣服要烫吗? 以上是宏博太奇考研为大家准备整理的“2020考研英语语法全面举例讲解：被动语态”的相关内容。 宏博太奇考研将为大家及时提供相关资讯。