考研英语2阅读

阅读占考研英语整张卷子的半壁江山，搞定阅读，分数肯定不会差。搞不定，那你英语肯定翻车。而且作文这种主观题不可控因素太多了，想要高分，想要稳妥，还是好好做阅读吧。我19年考研，英语二79，下面就把复习过程中总结的一些考研英语二阅读技巧分享给大家~1. 复习要达到什么效果好多小伙伴不知道自己要复习到什么程度，没有个明确的目标，就很难制定复习计划。英语复习要做到历年真题里每一个单词，每一个句子的语法，意思都理解，文章的逻辑关系，主旨能很好的把握，每道题正确答案为什么对，错误答案错在哪里都要很清楚。2.真题书怎么选选真题书一定要选适合自己的，像我英语基础不好，四级都考了3次才飘过，买真题书的时候就一个要求：详细。然后学姐就推荐了《考研真相》的英语二版，叫《考研圣经》，这本讲解是真的详细，其他书只会挑几个长难句图解分析，它直接把每个句子都图解分析一遍，所有的语法盲点都扫的干干净净，太适合英语不好的了。而且有一套完整的解题方法，尤其是排除干扰项的方法，分分钟排除错误答案，真的是特别实用的考研英语二阅读技巧。3. 做阅读的时间合理分配时间是相当重要的考研英语二阅读技巧。每篇16分钟最佳，最多可延长至20分钟左右。在一开始的时候就要把握好做题速度和效率，不要等到最后去模拟，根本来不及的，因为你已经习惯你以往的做题方式了。具体时间分配如下：第一步：快速划出段落序号以及各段首句 （1分钟）第二步：阅读首段，了解文章主题（1-2分钟）宏观把握，随机应变，根据第一段内容，才能更好的给定位打下基础。第三步：扫描题干，尽量找出题干能够提供的信息（1分钟）定位词的优先考虑顺序：①首先标出明确告诉位置的题目所在（某段某行）②专有名词优先，包括人名、地名、书名以及带引号的词等③数字、时间、时段（包括某些介词短语）④较长、较复杂的词组（名词动词词组优先）⑤重要的动词、形容词或副词等实词⑥条件词、因果词、比较词等虚词（往往起到辅助作用）第四步：变速浏览原文，抓住中心 （7-8分钟）第五步：仔细审题，定位原文（3-5分钟）第六步：重叠选项，斟酌答案（3-5分钟）4.阅读文章怎么分析阅读不是做完就完，一定要自己分析总结。建议动手翻译文章，至少10篇。翻译过程如下：①找到主句和从句，找到主句从句的主谓宾，找到从句的引导词。②找完翻译句子，先翻主句，再翻从句，然后根据逻辑关系调整语序。翻译的时候可能会有不认识的单词，先不查看能不能理解句子逻辑，实在影响理解再查。③对照真题书上的解析看自己的分析是否正确，《考研圣经》上有每一句的分析，正好一一对应，很容易发现问题。5. 真题要做几遍？其实这个真没有定数，参照第一条的复习效果，如果你做一遍就能达到那就做一遍，如果你需要做三遍才能达到那就做三遍。只不过根据大部分同学的复习进度，三遍是比较合理的。我自己也把真题刷了3遍，具体说下时间安排：①4月-6月：英语一真题《考研真相》，从最近的年份往前做，每天一篇，能做多少做多少。②暑假：英语二真题，除过最近3年不做留下模拟，剩下的按照年份由远到近，尽量保证3天做完一套。做完就按照上面的方法分析。③9月-11月：暑假做过的真题做第二遍跟第三遍。前面做得细，这两遍就不会很费时间，只需要总结整理一些做题方法即可。④12月：考前拿出留下的3套真题做模考，掐着时间每一道题都要做，一边检测自己的复习结果，一边熟悉考试的感觉。关于考研英语二阅读技巧，我的经验就是这些。说是技巧，其实更偏重于复习方法，因为我觉得所有技巧都是建立在踏实复习的基础上。大家在准备英语的时候一定要先抓基础，在谈提高。

紧张忙碌的2019考研已经告一段落，与去年的真题相比，今年真题的难度并没有发生非常大的变化。接下来我们就一起分析一下2019考研英语二的阅读理解题。下面进入正题——2019考研英语二阅读真题2019年的英语二阅读题就话题而言，第一篇文章探讨的是人的愧疚感，第二篇文章是气候变化与森林的关系，第三篇文章为美国劳动力短缺与其移民政策的关系，第四篇文章讲的是如何解决塑料袋对于环境影响的问题。从四个话题上讲，都比较贴近生活实际，所以大家可能对上述话题并不陌生。那么难点究竟在哪里呢？就是在文章中暂时遇到难词、生僻词。那么整体而言单词的难度是怎样的呢？实际上，四篇阅读词汇难度适中，并没有出现某一篇文章出现过多生僻单词，会导致阅读断断续续的情况，所以最后的做题难度自然是比较适中的。就有小伙伴说啦！适中我也做不出来啊，你这都是瞎说！小可爱邪魅一笑，你们这些愚蠢的二战党好好在单词上下下功夫吧，今年英语二74分以上的同学多的是好吗？2019考研英语二阅读题型如何分析？从题型看，今年的英语（二）阅读理解沿袭了之前的出题风格，细节题占绝大部分，其次是词义句意题、态度题、主旨题。说白了，就是一般正常题型，英语惯用的复习方法依旧奏效，因此同学们需要在平时要多加强细节题的练习。从体裁看，本次考试的四篇阅读理解以议论文为主，同学们在平时要多读英语议论文性质的文章，同时也不能忽略说明文的学习。到此，综上所述，对于考研英语阅读理解，重点就在词汇备考中，一方面需要掌握一些基础词汇，便于我们了解话题； 另一方面在做题的同时，结合自己对于话题的熟悉程度，综合自己对于词汇记忆的知识，培养自己推测陌生单词的能力。最后大家要知道的：阅读中遇到陌生单词是很常见的，我们必须放平心态，戒掉狂躁。同时，在平时积累单词时候，有侧重地培养自己的猜测生单词的能力，这样在考试中才能够灵活面对生词，积极应对，熟能生巧。

考研英语二的阅读理解部分分值较高，因此是很多同学想要攻破的部分之一，那么，如何才能在阅读理解部分得到更高的分数呢？首先，大家要了解并熟知考研英语二中的阅读部分分为四篇文章，每一篇文章中附带五个小题，第一步要分配好做题时间，避免前面篇章浪费过多时间，后面只能草草阅读蒙题了之。其次，阅读理解中四篇文章，分别涉及不同领域的话题词汇，所以在做题之前，应注意考研词汇的积累，毕竟单词是阅读的基础。再次，考研英语二的阅读理解部分，并没有特别的难，做过几套题的同学会发现，其实有时候不通篇阅读的情况下，一样可以做出正确答案，甚至上下文都不知道讲的是什么内容，但是答案却是正确的，这是怎么做到的呢？接下来就给大家详细说一说阅读部分的解题技巧：1. 快速浏览五个小题的题干，综合揣摩作者会如何行文；2. 根据各题题干关键词，明确答案区间，牢记问题，快速阅读文章，关键词出现时，务必降速，仔细研读，简单题快速直选，疑难问题可搁置，通读全文后，修改初期对文章的推测和理解后，再次去处理疑难问题；3. 站在命题人角度思考问题，切勿主观随意猜测下定论，练习过程中可以不勾画，注意力集中，可以再日常联系中培养思维灵敏度。考题无非大致分为以下几种：1.具体信息题，也叫细节理解题，对于此类问题，应用上文提到的关键词定位法，找到答案区间即可解题；2. 生词生意或熟词生意题，应将词汇还原到原文中，根据所在句子和文中的意思解题；3. 论点论据题，一般位于段落开头句，并用其他的句子或例子加以论证；4. 中心思想题，看每一段落的中心句，将所有中心句串联起来，揣摩通篇的中心思想；5. 及作者观点或态度题，作者观点可能不断变化，因此，可以直接找作者的最后一个观点，一般会出现在文章末端。在以上技巧的基础上，再加以练习，相信会有很大提高。

1.单词量。记单词得用单词书，那种有解释，有例句并且例句是从考研英语真题里出的书。这种书会看的相对慢一点，所以第一次看必须把单词分等级，完全不会三颗星，有一些印象的两颗星。复习考研英语第二遍的时候要是会了就把星星去掉。为了确保考研英语复习时间可控性，所以建议你们现在开始看！！2、阅读题方法单词量上来了之后，考研英语阅读题还是会有你看不懂的单词。首先看题目，画出关键词，再超快速浏览一遍文章。最后开始做题，每一题在文中找对应段落，一般是按顺序来的。首先，考研英语阅读题一共分为细节题，段落大意题，举例论证证点题，文章主旨题，猜测句意或词意题。①细节题。这种题目一般是说：关于什么什么，下列哪一个是对的或是错的。回到原文中把题目的中心单词找出来，再在这里前后三四句把文章中对应选项的句子找出来，做比对，就OK了。②段落大意。考研英语阅读真题里面的段落大意不难的。也是在文中找出对应的地方，一般这一段的句首或上一段的句末的第一句话就差不多是这一段的大意。如果没有这种中心句的话，你看这一段它主要讲什么，这一段中间有没有总结性的句子，哪个选项最接近，就选哪个。③举例论证题。考研英语阅读题目就是这一个故事是说明了什么。首先也是文中找到对应的内容。再来就是往前或往后找，总会有一句话是它的中心，为了要说这个才讲例子的。这种题不可能在文中找不到它的中心句。一般是例子的前一句或后一句。④文章主旨。这一类会有文章说了什么，选文章题目等等。这首先把握整体考研英语阅读文章的基调，二把握每段主体叙述对象就差不多了，哪个对象说的最多，就是哪个。⑤猜句意和举例论证像是反过来，这种句子一般后面跟的是一个例子，把例子看个大概明白OK。猜词意的话一般在这一段的某个地方会有它的替换词。

2020考研英语二真题及答案【作文】！真题：一个饼图：60%用来学习知识，21%用来消磨时间，4%是其它，17%是获取信息。高校学生手机阅读目的调查【参考范文-网络版】As is vividly depicted in the chart, it provides the information concerning the reading purpose of college students by mobile phones in a certain university.To be specific, the percentage of learning is 58%, which is biggest among the four categories. Meanwhile, acquiring information, entertaining and others account for 28%, 12% and 2% respectively.Without a doubt, the real purpose of the chart is to tell us that a majority of college students read their phones for study rather than have fun. On one hand, with the rapid development of science and technology, our smart phones become increasingly convenient for students to study. Instead of taking numerous books in their bags, they prefer to put significant learning materials into their phone and then they can read them at any place they want. On the other hand, the present college students are under huge competitive stress. As a result, they are aware of the significance of learning in college,where they should enhance their knowledge and skills to cope with the challenges and obstacles in the years to come.Taking above reasons into consideration, we could firmly believe that the tendency will continue in the forthcoming years.小作文：真题Directions:Suppose you are panning a tour of historical site for a group of international students1) Say something about the site2) give some tips for the tourYou should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name at the end of the email. Use“Li Ming" instead.Do not write the address (10 points)[参考范文--网络版]Dear international students,Welcome to China! Knowing that you have a keen interest in Chinese historical sites, I am writing to recommend you to visit the Forbidden City, one of the prestigioushistoric relics in China.Here are the brief introctions . Firstly, The Forbidden city is the imperial palace of the two dynasties in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Secondly, located in the capital of China, the Forbidden City showcases many collections of ancient arts and antiques, which offer a glimpse of China's extensive and sophisticated culture.Finally, what needs to pay special attention to is that you had better book tickets online ahead of time though any digital devices. Before visiting, to take a panorama of the palace would be a sensible to guild your trip and save much time.I hope my suggestions would be of benefit for you. Please feel free to contact me. I am looking forward to your reply.Enjoy your tour!关于作文的真题和参考答案就到这里啦，今年参加考研的小伙伴可以好好休息一下啦。2020考研已经结束，话说2021考研还会远吗？备考2021考研的宝宝们，不用害怕，考研一般在大三第二学期2月份开始，考研的话，大半年时间够用了，现在你可以搜集了解目标院校的招生简章、专业目录、参考书目、报录比这些信息，尽量找一些已考上的学姐学长，了解参考书目、真题等信息。有机会的话去目标院校多转转，没准儿会有意想不到的收获。现阶段，你应该学好英语和专业课，打好基础，为你的正式备考打好基础。说到资料，数学的话，一般来说汤神讲的细、基础，适合基础不好的，李大帝综合性强。英语的话，真题安利英语一的《考研真相》/英语二的《考研圣经》，逐词逐句精解，一句一句解析每一篇真题，完形填空和阅读理解都是一句话一句话给你分析讲解的，补基础很不错。

最近20届考研党成绩要出来啦，很多21小伙伴也紧张了起来，纷纷问我考研英语二怎么备考，先说一下我的情况吧！我呢基础不太好，四级低分飘过，英二78上岸。所以如果有基础差的小伙伴问考研英语二怎么备考，就可以参考一下我的情况~基础差考研的话，主要还是单词和真题，这两部分把基础补上去，过线没问题。如果你现在纠结方法，相信我先开始背单词，再做真题，别想些别的了！你要了解考研英语二怎么备考的基本步骤。（一）复习单词单词直接用乱序版的词汇背就行了，每天过个1单元，基本一个月就能把词汇书过一大半。单词书我用的《考研词汇闪过》，里面按真题考频划分了重点，有高频词、中频词和低频词，还有常考短语讲用法，不仅省时间，还能掌握高频词的用法。背英语单词的时候，不用太在意自己每天背了忘。英语单词就是这样，你背75个有可能只能记住20个，你背20个有可能只能记住10个。考研英语这么多单词就是让你过的，有些同学有可能考研复习结束单词书都只过了一遍，这种肯定有很多单词记忆不起来的。考研单词最起码都要过三遍，更别说你每天背，估计5遍以上都有了。所以从现在就开始背单词吧！（二）复习真题真题里面最重要的就是阅读，所以我就说下阅读，得阅读者得高分。阅读理解4篇文章，20个题目，每题2分，共40分。阅读理解这块的内容主要来源是国外的一些杂志周刊：《经济学人》《 时代周刊 》《自然杂志》《 卫报》《 纽约时报》其实就和中国的人民日报，新华报什么的差不多。先准备资料：真题书：英语二《考研圣经》，是英语一《考研真相》的英语二版本，基础薄弱想大幅提分就用它！逐句图解文章，不用查语法书、不用担心看不懂文章。而且里面有完整的解题方法：不仅从题干分析，教你选出正确答案，而且从选项分析一步一步排除干扰项。这2方法能让你提高做题正确率，方法适用于做任何阅读题。别的书解析没这么细致，解题思路也简单，下次还不会做题。那么怎么才能利用真题资料搞定阅读呢？下面给出一些真题的方法，仅供参考：1.常规做一篇阅读，用时20分钟（做完先不要对答案）2.全文翻译，一笔一笔写在一本本子上，用时2.5小时（对照解析看看自己翻译的有什么问题，并做好生词短语的记录，平时没事都可以拿出来记一记）3.对着翻译再做文章，用时15分钟（对答案）4.对着错误答案看解析，知道自己错在什么地方。总结一下题型，避免再次出错。5.一篇下来至少两小时，前期每天就只做一篇就行了，后期熟悉了，就一天一套卷子。 而且，考研单词的重复率很高，18年的整张卷子单词70%在前五年的真题里出现过，所以真题里的每一个你不认识的单词你都要把它消化掉。所以，好好利用你身边的真题吧，少年！考研英语二怎么备考？单词和阅读真的不能丢，最后两个月作文也要抓起来！要不然到了考场，作文都写不完就亏大了！

01 文章脉络分析引出主题：美国绝大多数大学进行远程授课，但部分学生希望返校上课，因为在家学习效率不高，而且学校说不定比家更安全（Para.1&2） ↓此次疫情会加剧大部分院校的财务危机，规模较大的大学还能维持运转，但小一些的学校压力很大，很可能会破产（Para. 3&4）↓破产的学校往往依赖于学费这一个进项，但入学率连年下降，还有不少新生退学；出现这一现象，一方面是因为人口出生率下降，另一方面是因为这些学校教学方法落后（Para. 5&6）↓ 非白人学生较多的学校更不稳定，会有大批倒闭（Para. 7） ↓由于学生越来越倾向市区的大规模大学，位置较偏且规模较小的学校很快会被淘汰或者被整合（Para. 8）疫情也加速了这一过程。受出行禁令的影响，且不少人担忧美国治疫不力，外籍留学生的比例会进一步下滑（Para. 9） 同时因为经济衰退，家境贫困的本土学生很可能会放弃读大学，各州政府的教育补助也会大幅缩水，联邦的援助资金也是杯水车薪（Para. 10）↓此外，不少学校还面临着学生的诉讼，被要求退还学费。综上，美国大学面临着巨大的挑战（Para. 11）02 原文精读分析Could a fifth of America’s colleges really facethe chop?美国五分之一的高等院校是否能经受住此次淘汰危机？【Para.1】Martyna Malecka, acriminologystudent at Stonehill College,can’t wait for classes to restart in August. Her campus in Easton, Massachusetts, “feels like a village”: its elegant redbrick buildingssprawlover 384bucolicacres. She judges time spent there less of a coronavirus risk than staying at home in Chicago.玛蒂娜·马雷卡(Martyna Malecka) 就读于美国石山学院犯罪学专业，已迫不及待地想要迎接 8 月份的开学。她所在的校区位于马萨诸塞州的伊斯顿，“给人一种村庄的感觉”：校园内遍布着雅致的红砖建筑，总共占地 384 英亩；建筑周围则是一片田园景 象。玛蒂娜认为，呆在学校要比呆在芝加哥的家里更安全，感染新冠的概率更小。blues n. (pl.) a feeling of depression or deep unhappiness 忧郁 (习语 the blues)the chop n. (BrE, informal) the cancellation or abolition of something 取消；废止all these projects are destined for the chop. 所有这些工程注定要被取消the dismissal of someone from employment 解雇hundreds more workers have been given the chop. 又有几百名工人被解雇。criminology n. [ U ] the scientific study of crime and criminals 犯罪学sprawl v. If you say that a place sprawls, you mean that it covers a large area of land. 延伸The State Recreation Area sprawls over 900 acres on the southern tip of Key Biscayne.州立休闲区占地九百多英亩，地处基·比斯坎南端。（表达建筑占地面积的时候可以使用这个动词）bucolic a. /bjuklk/ ( literary ) connected with the countryside or country life 乡村的；乡村生活的；田园的【Para.2】Universities everywhere have madevaliantefforts to function remotely. A few, such as California State University, say they will continue teaching only online next year. Ms Malecka doubts that distance study works. She gets top marks, but laughingly admits she has “no idea” what she has learned after being at home since March. It is too easy to ignorelecturerswho appear by video, she says, and some hardly set assignments. Like other students, families and faculty, she cravesin-person learning.世界各地的大学都为远程运作作出了顽强的努力。一些学校，如加州州立大学，表示他们明年将继续只进行在线教学。然而，玛蒂娜很怀疑远程学习是否行得通。她能拿到高分，但却戏谑地承认自己其实并“不是很清楚”自 3 月以来在家到底学了些什么。她谈道，视频授课的讲师很容易被学生忽视，而且有些老师几乎不布置作业。与其他学生、家长和教师一样，玛蒂娜渴望面对面上课。valiant a. A valiant action is very brave and determined, though it may lead to failure or defeat. 顽强的（英勇的；勇敢的；果敢的；坚定的）Despite valiant efforts by the finance minister, inflation rose to 36%. 尽管这位财政部长作了顽强的努力，通货膨胀率还是升到了 36%。She made a valiant attempt not to laugh. 她试图强忍住不笑出来。lecturer n. (especially in Britain) a person who teaches at a university or college （尤指英国大学的）讲师He's a lecturer in French at Oxford. 他是牛津大学的法语讲师。crave v. to have a very strong desire for sth 渴望；热望SYN long for[ VN ] She has always craved excitement. 她总渴望刺激。【Para.3】Whether or not universitiesget backquicklytothat, many are likely to suffer. Stonehill is private and Catholic, with 2,500 students and a $200mendowment. It looksin good shape, but many similar liberal-arts colleges, especially in the northeast and Midwest, are not. Their problems arelong-standing. Nathan Grawe of Carleton College in Minnesota, who researches demography and higher ecation, says the core difficulty is theslipping fertility rate. Overall enrolment has drifted downover the past few years.但不管各个大学是否会迅速回归线下授课，许多院校都可能要经历一番磨难。石山大学是一所私立天主教学校，拥有 2500 名学生和 2 亿美元的资助基金，看上去运转良好。但在许多与它类似的文理学院，尤其是位于美国东北部和中西部的文理学院，情况却并非如此。这些学校有许多问题由来已久。明尼苏达州卡尔顿学院的内森·格劳（Nathan Grawe）从事人口统计学和高等教育研究，他认为，核心问题是美国生育率不断下滑，因此，过去几年里，美国大学入学总人数也有所下降。get back to sth/doing… phrase If you get back to an activity, you start doing it again after you have stopped doing it. 重新开始I think I ought to get back to work. 我想我应该重新开始工作了。If you get back to someone, you contact them again after a short period of time, often by telephone. (常指通过电话) 再联系We'll get back to you as soon as possible. 我们将尽快再跟你联系。endowment n. [ C U ] money that is given to a school, a college or another institution to provide it with an income; the act of giving this money 捐款；捐赠；资助in good shape phrase If someone or something is in shape, or in good shape, they are in a good state of health or in a good condition. If they are in bad shape, they are in a bad state of health or in a bad condition. (身体、物体) 处于（良好/不良）状况He was still in better shape than many young men. 他依然比许多年轻人都健康。Generally, if a company has lots of assets relative to liabilities, it's in good shape.一般来说，一家公司如果资产丰厚，而债务相对较少，它的运营状况就很好。long-standing a. A long-standing situation has existed for a long time. 长期存在的They are on the brink of resolving their long-standing dispute over money. 他们即将要解决彼此之间为时已久的金钱争议。slipping a. 不断下降的，退步的slip v. to fall to a lower level; to become worse 下降；退步；变差His popularity has slipped recently. 近来他已不如过去那样受欢迎fertility rate n. 生育率；人口出生率drift down v. 缓慢下降 How can banks be expected to lend more to re-inflate the economy's asset prices while wages and consumer prices continue to drift down? 当工资和消费持续下落，怎么还能指望银行借出更多钱，再通胀经济体内的资产价值？【Para.4】 This squeezes smaller colleges hardest. A study by ParthenonEY, an ecucation consultancy, of over 2,000 colleges suggested 800 are so small or inefficient that they maygo bust. Around one-fifthrun budget deficits. Others pile up debts, fail to build sufficient endowments or sustain student numbers only by agreeing topainfullybig discounts on fees. Mr Grawe points out that eight colleges were already closing each year before the pandemic.这一局面下，规模较小的大学受到的压力最大。教育咨询公司 Parthenon-EY 对 2000 多所大学进行了一项研究，结果表明，有 800 所大学规模太小或效率太低，很可能破产。约五分之一的 院校存在预算赤字。其它学校或债台高筑，或无力筹足基金，又 或单凭大幅降低学费来勉强维持学生数量。格劳先生指出，在新冠大流行之前，每年倒闭的大学就有 8 所。go bust v. = go bankrupt 破产 We lost our money when the travel company went bust . 旅行社破产，我们的钱都赔了进去。run budget deficits phrase 出现、实行预算赤字 Morgan expects even Singapore's government to run a budget deficit this year and next. 摩根预计，就连新加坡政府今明两年也会出现预算赤字。painfully adv. extremely, and in a way that makes you feel annoyed, upset, etc. 非常地；令人痛苦地；令人烦恼地Progress has been painfully slow . 进度慢得令人焦急。【Para.5】Those that fail are usually small, among the 40% of higherecation institutions with fewer than 1,000 students. In the past decade these have seen enrolments slip faster than medium-sized ones. (The biggest typically still thrive.) Of the 72 colleges Parthenon found had shut since 2007, almost every one was small. They are vulnerable because they depend most on revenue from students; others find ways tohire outcampuses for conferences, raise research funds, earnbequestsand thelike.这些破产的大学往往规模很小，且属于美国高等院校中学生人数不达 1000 人的 40%院校之列。过去十年，它们招生人数下滑速度超过中等院校。(当然，最大的几所学校通常仍能不断壮大。) Parthenon 发现有 72 所大学在 2007 后纷纷倒闭，其中几乎每一所规模都不大。它们之所以如此脆弱，是因为极其依赖学生缴 纳的学费进项；另一些学校则通过把校园出租给会议举办方、筹集研究资金、争取他人遗赠等方法来增加收入。hire out v. If you hire out a person's services, you allow them to be used in return for payment. 出租...employment agencies which hire out personnel to foreign companies. …向外国公司出租人员的职业介绍所。bequest n. ( formal ) money or property that you ask to be given to a particular person when you die 遗产； 遗赠He left a bequest to each of his grandchildren. 他给他的孙辈每人留下一笔遗产。like n. [ sing. ] a person or thing that is similar to another 类似的人（或物）（注意词性；复习）jazz, rock and the like (= similar types of music) 爵士乐、摇滚乐以及诸如此类的音乐a man whose like we shall not see again 我们再也不会见到的那种男人【Para.6】Robert Zemsky of the University of Pennsylvania, who co-wrote a recent book on the growingwoesof universities, expects a “collapse, lots of closures” of smaller colleges, notably in the wider Midwest. He blames both demography and teaching methods that do not suit some students, noting how, at many universities, more than a quarter of freshmen quit in their first year. Curriculums, he says, areoutdated, faculty areout of touchand four-year degrees should be cut to three to save costs and force arethinkof higher ecation.宾夕法尼亚大学的罗伯特·泽姆斯基(Robert Zemsky)最近与人合写了一本书，着眼于美国大学日益严峻的困境。他预计规模较小的大学将会“破产，大量关门”，尤其是在更为广阔的中西部地区。他把这归咎于美国人口结构和不适合部分学生的教学方法，特别提到在许多大学，超过四分之一的新生是怎么会在第一学年就退学的。泽姆斯基表示，很多学校课程过时，教师们与学 生脱节，而且 4 年制的学位课程应该削减到 3 年制，以节省教育成本，促使人们重新考虑高等教育。woes n.[ pl. ] the troubles and problems that sb has 麻烦；问题；困难financial woes 财政困难Thanks for listening to my woes. 谢谢您听我诉说不幸的遭遇outdated a. no longer useful because of being oldfashioned 过时的；陈旧的outdated equipment 过时的设备out of touch phrase If you are out of touch with someone, you have not been in contact with them recently and are not familiar with their present situation. 不联系的；与……脱节James and I have been out of touch for years. 我和詹姆斯已经多年没有联系了。rethink n. If you have a rethink of a problem, a plan or a policy, you think about it again and change it. 重新考虑a radical rethink of company policy 对公司规划的彻底反思【Para.7】Among the most vulnerable colleges are those that cater mostly to non-white students. “African-Americans are more than two times as likely to attend an institution at risk, compared with whites andHispanics,” he says. Crystal Nix-Hines, a lawyer in Los Angeles who specialises in the ecation sector, also expects an “enormouswinnowing” of historically black colleges.最岌岌可危的要数那些主要招收非白人学生的大学。泽姆斯基谈 道:“与白人和拉美裔相比，非裔美国人有两倍多的概率会去这 些高风险的大学。”洛杉矶律师克里斯特尔·尼克斯-海因斯(Crystal Nix-Hines)专门负责教育相关的案子，他也预测这些历 来以黑人为主的大学会面临一场“大洗牌”。Hispanic n. A Hispanic is someone who is Hispanic. 拉美裔美国人About 80 percent of Hispanics here are U.S. citizens. 这里约 80%的拉美裔美国人是美国公民。winnowing n. 筛选；遴选winnow v. If you winnow a group of things or people, you rece its size by separating the ones that are useful or relevant from the ones that are not. 筛选; 遴选Administration officials have winnowed the list of candidates to three. 行政官员将候选人名单筛减到三人。【Para.8】Consolidation of higher ecation isovere. Students increasingly prefer bigger and more urban institutions, so some smaller, rural ones will go. How many? Just before the pandemic, Mr Zemsky and his co-authors suggested that 10% of colleges would eventually close. He now expects 20% to shut ormerge withothers.高等院校整合来得有些晚。学生们越来越偏向更大、更市区化的学校，因此一些规模较小、位置偏远的学校将被淘汰。至于具体 数字，在大流行发生之前，泽姆斯基和他的合著者预计最终会有10%的大学倒闭。而现在，他预计，将有 20%倒闭或并入其他院校。overe a. If you say that a change or an event is overe, you mean that you think it should have happened before now. 早该发生的This debate is long overe. 这场辩论早就应该进行了。overe reforms 迟来的改革A book like this is long overe . 像这样的书早就该有人出版了。merge v. ~ (with/into) sth~ A with B~ A and B (together) to combine or make two or more things combine to form a single thing （使）合并，结合，并入His department will merge with mine. 他的部门将和我的合并。 【Para.9】The pandemic furtherdimstheir prospects in several ways. Take universities’ efforts to recruit foreign students, who typically pay full fees. For each of the past three years, enrolments of foreign undergraates haveslid. A drop in Chinese studentsexplainsmuch of that. Travel bans and concern that America hasbungledthe coronavirus will only put offmore.大流行从多个角度打击了这些学校，使它们的前景更为暗淡。以各个大学想法设法招收外国学生为例（这些学生通常要支付全额学费），过去三年里，每年外籍大学生的入学人数都在下滑。中国学生人数的下降基本说明了出现下滑的原因。旅行限制和对美国在新冠上应对不力的担忧只会让更多中国留学生望而却步。dim vt./vi. If your future, hopes, or emotions dim or if something dims them, they become less good or less strong. 使变暗淡; 变暗淡Their economic prospects have dimmed. 他们的经济前景变得暗淡了。slide v. ~ (from...) (to...) to become graally lower or of less value 逐渐降低；贬值Shares slid to a 10-year low. 股价跌到了 10 年来的最低点。explain v. ~ sth (to sb) to give a reason, or be a reason, for sth 说明（…的）原因；解释（…的）理由Well, that doesn't explain why you didn't phone. 嗳，那不是你不打电话的理由。Oh well then, that explains it (= I understand now why sth happened) . 噢，原来是这么回事。bungle v. to do sth badly or without skill; to fail at sth 笨拙地做；失败They bungled the job. 他们把活儿搞糟了。a bungled robbery/raid/attempt 未遂的抢劫╱袭击╱尝试put off v. If something puts you off something, it makes you dislike it, or decide not to do or have it. 使反感; 使 对…失去兴趣(之前在沃尔玛那一篇中有提到过，Collins 对这一用法进行了更详细的归纳)The high divorce figures don't seem to be putting people off marriage. 高离婚率好像并没有使人们对婚姻望而却步。His personal habits put them off. 他的个人习惯让他们反感。 【Para.10】The economic slump means some poorer families will not send youngsters to study. Others will delay. Funding from states for public universities is certain to fall. A report by Pew Charitable Trusts published on May 18th points out that states cut funds for higher ecation by 29% per student between 2008 and 2012. This time the slump is likely to be worse. Already Nevada and Ohio say they have plans to cut. The University of Michigan has talked oflosing outon $1bn. Federal spending will rise ($14bn in emergency help went to universities and students under the Cares Act), but is unlikely to make up all the shortfall.而随之而来的经济衰退意味着一些较为拮据的家庭将不会考虑送孩子去上大学。还有一些家庭会延迟入学计划。各州对公立大学的资助必然会下降。皮尤慈善信托基金（Pew Charitable Trusts）5 月 18 日发布的一份报告指出，2008 年至 2012 年间， 各州生均高等教育经费支出就已削减了 29%。而此次经济衰退 大概率会更加严重。内华达州和俄亥俄州已经表示，他们有削减这方面开支的计划。密歇根大学(University of Michigan)也谈 到过要损失 10亿美元。虽然联邦政府对大学的资金援助将会增加 (依据《CARES 法案》，将有 140 亿美元用于对各个大学和学生的紧急援助)，但不太可能弥补所有的缺口。lose out (on sth) v. 损失…；输掉Their family would lose out on 30 years of earnings. 那么他们家庭将会损失 30 年的收入。shortfall n. If there is a shortfall in something, there is less of it than you need. 不足The government has refused to make up a $30,000 shortfall in funding. 政府已经拒绝补足 3 万美元的资金短缺。【Para.11】Finally, many universities face possibly costly legal trouble.Ms Nix-Hines counted 134lawsuits, mostlyclass-actionones, leviedagainst the “wholegamut” of private and public colleges by late May, mostly as students sought the return of tuition fees, saying they received asubstandardservice online.Some colleges might now seek a “liability shield” to protect against futureprosecutionsbefore they reopen. For universities, it all adds up to “their greatest challenge in history”, she says. That may soundalarmist, but it is probably true.最后，许多大学还可能面临天价官司。据尼克斯-海恩斯统计，截止到 5 月底，状告“全体”私立和公立大学的诉讼共有 134 份，其中大部分是集体诉讼，起诉的原因主要是大学生们提出他们在网上受到的课程服务低于标准，要求学校退还学费。目前，一些大学也许会寻求“责任护盾”来抵抗任何在复课前可能会出现的起诉。尼克斯-海恩斯称，对于大学来说，所有这些叠加在一起，构成了“它们有史以来的最大挑战”。这听起来可能有点危言耸听，但情况大概率就是这样。lawsuit n. a claim or complaint against sb that a person or an organization can make in court 诉讼；起诉 He filed a lawsuit against his record company. 他对给他录制唱片的公司提起了诉讼。class action n. a type of lawsuit that is started by a group of people who have the same problem 集体诉讼levy v. to use legal authority to demand and collect (a fine, a tax, etc.) 使用合法权力要求和收取(罚款、税金等)SYN-imposeThey levied a tax on imports. 他们对进口货征税。The government will levy a fine on the company. 政府将对该公司征收罚款。gamut n. /'gmt/the complete range of a particular kind of thing 全部；全范围The network will provide the gamut of computer services to your home. 这个网络将为家庭提供全方位的计算机服务。substandard a. A substandard service or proct is unacceptable because it is below a required standard.低于标准的Residents in general are poor and underecated, and live in substandard housing. 居民一般都很穷、受教育程度低，而且居住条件很差。prosecution n. the process of trying to prove in court that sb is guilty of a crime (= of prosecuting them) ; the process of being officially charged with a crime in court（被）起诉，检举；诉讼Prosecution for a first minor offence rarely leads to imprisonment. 因初犯轻罪被控者很少被判监禁。alarmist a. ( disapproving ) causing unnecessary fear and anxiety 危言耸听的；骇人的A spokesperson for the food instry said the TV programme was alarmist. 食品业的一位发言人说这个电视节目危言耸听。

英语二真题什么时候开始刷？这个其实是算得着的，我们仅算英二的题，从10年-20年，共11年真题PS：我们常说的刷真题，主要指刷4篇常规阅读，刷三遍所以，一共是44篇阅读，每天1篇，做完一遍需要1个半月，二刷三刷速度可以加快，再一个半月即可搞定。这么算来，7月开始刷真题时间绰绰有余，5月开始有点早。但如果你还想做下英一的，或者英二10年以前的（就是mba考试题），那就可以早点开始。如果你基础很好，每天可以做两篇甚至更多，那开始刷真题的时间可以比7月晚。考英语二需要刷英语一的真题吗？时间允许的情况下，建议做一下。具体做哪几年可以这样安排：在保证英二真题刷3遍的情况下，能做几年英一真题就做几年，优先做最近的年份，因为年份更近的真题思路和出题方式更成熟，更有参考价值。考英语二，先刷英语一真题，再刷英语二呢，还是先二再一？先做英一真题，再做英二真题。做英一真题是因为英二的真题比较少，刚开始做单词量，语法都不过关，很多人真题做着做着变成了词典，每个单词都要查，折腾一通下来，文章讲啥都快背下了，最根本的做题感受忽略了。有点浪费真题，所以我们先用英一的真题补补基础，积累单词语法，然后再做英二的真题更能发挥价值。如果要刷英语一阅读，是不做题只看文章分析长难句找生词呢，还是把题做完分析文章，然后找生词长难句那些？做英一真题的步骤：①先做题。虽然解题思路不一样，但是题型都差不多，英一英二都是主旨题，态度题，细节题这种。②做完题简单对一下答案，不用太纠结正确率。③翻译文章，搞懂每个语法点和单词。如果看不懂的句子比较多，就别只翻译长难句和破题句，尽量做到全文翻译。始终记得，关键句是你读懂全文知道这几个关键，不是看不懂几句，还自欺欺人觉得只要看懂这个别句子就能做对题。④文章分析翻译完，再看一下自己的选项，一部分题基本就能知道为啥错。还不知道为啥错的，就需要一些逻辑分析和解题方法，这部分我们不研究，因为英一英二不一样，没必要。该怎么选择真题书？适合自己就好，不要听别人怎么说。直观的方法是找一篇真题来看一看，做一做，如果看不懂的句子比较多，就用《考研圣经》，逐词逐句图解分析，真题文章里所有句子都讲解啦~基础不好可以用来精读文章哦~PS：逐句的图解跟题目讲解是分开的，哪句不会就翻哪句~方便翻阅。想做英一的话，同系列的叫《考研真相》，讲解的详细程度都是一样的~英二做英一就是为了补基础嘛。如果基础还不错，一篇没几个句子不懂，那就选只讲长难句的真题书具体可以看看每本书的详情页，对比一下自己适合哪个~

本文是2013年考研英语试卷阅读理解Part A的Text 2部分。本文主要讲述了网络隐私问题，就“在线行为广告”引发的争议展开论述，随后追溯了争议的相关解决方案。An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half.老话说的好，广告费的一半是浪费了的——问题是，没人知道哪一半浪费掉的。In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reced.在互联网时代，至少在理论上，这一浪费的部分能够减少。By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy.通过观察人们搜索什么，点击什么，在网络上说什么，公司能够瞄准那些更容易购买的客户投放“行为”广告。26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to:第一段表明，“行为”广告帮助广告商：[A] ease competition among themselves缓和他们之间的竞争[B] lower their operational costs降低运营成本[C] avoid complaints from consumers避免消费者的抱怨[D] provide better online services提供更好的网络服务答案：B。解析：第一句就指出了，广告费花费了有一半被浪费掉了。后面指出互联网时代广告费用大幅减少，因为公司（广告商）能够将“行为”广告投放给最有可能购买的人群。由此可知，“行为广告”能帮助广告商“降低运营成本”这句话最符合题意。In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?在过去几周，一场争论表明这些精准信息对于广告商的价值：广告商应该假定用户乐于被追踪并且收到这些广告吗？或者应该获得用户明确的准许？In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Cornmission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track "(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed .在2010年12月，美国联邦贸易委员会建议提出一个“禁止追踪”的选项加入到网络浏览器中，以便用户能告诉广告商他们不想被“追踪”。Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT ;Google's Chrome is e to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digltal Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the instry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests.微软的IE浏览器和苹果的Safari浏览器提供了“禁止追踪”选项；谷歌的Chrome浏览器在今年准备提供这样的功能。2月，联邦贸易委员会和数字广告联盟同意该行业尽快对“禁止追踪”这一请求作出回应。27. “The instry” (Line 6, Para.3) refers to:“该行业”指的是：[A] online advertisers在线广告商[B] e-commerce conctors电子商务运营[C] digital information analysis数字信息分析者[D] internet browser developers网络浏览器开发商答案：D。解析：FTC和DAA一致认为the instry会对DNT要求迅速做出回应。前面又指出FTC提议在浏览器上添加DNT选项，可见这个提议的动作执行者在浏览器开发商。可见FTC和DAA提议的the instry就是浏览器开发商。On May 31st Microsoft set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10, the version e to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.微软在五月31日率先发起讨论，它表明随windows8一起发布的IE 10，将把“禁止追踪”选项设为默认状态。Advertisers are horrified .广告商慌神了。Human nature being what it is,most people stick with default settings.人性本质上是，大多数人还是坚持默认设置的。Few switch DNT on now,but if tracking is off it will stay off.很少人会打开DNT选项，但是如果“追踪”是关闭的那么它就一直关闭了。Bob Liodice,the chief executive of the Association of National Advertisers,says consumers will be worse off if the instry cannot collect information about their preferences.国家广告协会会长Bob Liodice 表示，如果这个行业不能收集消费者们的偏好信息，消费者的情况将会更糟。People will not get fewer ads,he says.“They’ll get less meaningful,less targeted ads.人们看到的广告不会更少，他们会得到更多的“无意义的”、更不精确的目标广告。28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a defaultBob Liodice坚称设置“禁止追踪”为默认选项[A] may cut the number of junk ads可能减少垃圾广告[B] fails to affect the ad instry对这个行业没有影响[C] will not benefit consumers对消费者不利[D] goes against human nature违反人性答案：C。解析：Bob Liodice指出了消费者的情况会更糟糕，收到的广告不会变少，反而会出现更多无意义的广告。所以C正确。It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond.还不清楚广告商怎么回应。Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so.收到“DNT”信号并不能迫使企业去停止追踪，尽管一些企业承诺会这么做。Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.由于不能分辨出用户是拒绝“行为”广告还是他们只是坚持微软的默认选项，一些企业可能忽略“禁止追踪”的信号并且继续追踪。29. which of the following is true according to Paragraph.6?根据第六段，下面哪一个是正确的？[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose“禁止追踪”可能不能取得预期目标[B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT广告商更希望执行“禁止追踪”选项[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers“禁止追踪”在消费者之中并不流行[D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads广告商有责任提供“行为”广告答案：A。解析：公司收到DNT信号并不意味着一定要求停止追踪，而且由于他们不清楚消费者心理，可能也会对DNT默认信号加以忽略。由此，DNT并不能达到限制公司获取用户在线行为信息的目的。所以A合适。Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone.并且也不清楚为什么微软一意孤行的发起行动。After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how.毕竟，它也有商业广告业务。据称这些业务也遵守“禁止追踪”选项设定。不过还在具体怎样实施还在研究当中。If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on advertising，it has chosen an indirect method: there is no guarantee that DNT by default will become the norm.如果它是想让谷歌不高兴，谷歌的业务几乎全靠广告支持。它选择了一个不太直接的方式，没有保证说能将“‘禁止追踪’设为默认状态”成为行业规范。DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other procts favorably with Google's on that count before.“禁止追踪”看起来也不能成为Windows 8的巨大卖点，尽管此前这个公司将旗下一些产品与谷歌的进行了有利对比。Brendon Lynch, Microsoft's chief privacy officer, blogged:" we believe consumers should have more control." Could it really be that simple?Brendon Lynch，微软首席隐私官，在博客中写道：我们相信消费者将有更多的控制权。真的那么简单吗？30. The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of:作者对Brendon Lynch在博客中所说的态度是：[A] inlgence纵容[B] understanding理解[C] appreciation欣赏[D] skepticism怀疑答案：D。解析：Brendon Lynch说消费者应该拥有更多控制权，但是作者后面又反问：真的那么简单吗？可见，作者对Brendon Lynch的观点是怀疑的。