考研英语一试题题型

英语一的真题书有很多，我复习买书时，身边很多人推荐《考研真相》和黄皮书给我，为了今早复习，所以我就花费了几天时间，集中精力琢磨这两本书的区别和联系。我把自己找到的一些资料整理出来，希望可以帮助到更多和我一样，面临资料选择难题的人。一、外在因素对比1.书籍封皮：考研真相的封皮设计师黄白红三色，红色所占比例较大，三色搭配的还算可以，个人挺喜欢的；黄皮书之所以叫黄皮书，是因为全书通体黄色，这两本书在茫茫书海之中，算是比较容易辨别出来的。2.分册装订：两本书都是分册装订得，采用的均是双色印刷，这种设计相对来说是比较好的。有利于零取零看，便于随身携带，而且次重点相对突出，能够很快找到想要复习的重点知识，节约不少复习时间。3.书籍价格：这个是我在天猫上搜索的啦！《考研真相》的价格是40多元，黄皮书的价格在67元钱左右。二、书籍定位我是基础不怎么好的，单词语法差的不行，我感觉自己已经快无药可救了。所以就想找一本解析详细的书，当我看到真相中写的是基础薄弱者专用，我就想着是不是这本书更适合我，又因给我推荐黄皮书的人很多，所以我还是仔细研究了黄皮书。我发现黄皮书主要是讲解命题思路的，会稍微偏向于基础较好的人，拿到题目，对着解析看了一篇文章，仍旧没有多大感觉，基本上都不太会（估计是我基础太差了）。我害怕选择这本书我可能会比较吃亏，到头来复习效果会不理想，这也是我最后没买这本书的最大的原因了。三、内在精华对比我还会继续从两本书的内容具体来说，当然如果你不想了解，那就算了。1.基础知识《考研真相》的基础知识解析很详细，从词汇注释和语法解析详系解析。词汇注释的详细度可以媲美字典注释，字典中注释单词也就从音标、词性、词义、近反义词、相关词组和例句来讲的，书中的注释也详细到了如此，我学习遇到生单词，基本上没太查字典。语法知识把文章每句话的语法都进行详解，简单句是用简洁的语言来讲的，分析的还算透彻；长难句的解析是个图解，感觉会比较直观和清晰。黄皮书中对于基础知识也用的是词汇注释和语法解析，书中对于单词注释了音标、词性、词义，句子解析是把文章的长难句拿出来讲了，基本上和大多数书一样。我想这应该是归结于这本书的适用人群不同，主要是比较适合基础较好的人。我去知乎上找资料时，发现很多人似乎和我存在的好多问题是一样的，他们也存在对黄皮书文章看不懂，做题做不对的情况，估计是和我一样，基础不好吧！2.答案解析再就是两本书的答案解析啦！真相中的答案解析挺详细的，分了四个版块来讲，有选项表析、答案考点、定位分析和干扰项分析。选项表析可以帮助我们整体把握各个选项，有出处、特征和具体的翻译；在答案考点的帮助下，可以快速掌握命题方向和命题规律；定位分析主要是对正确选项回文定位，可以学会“回文法”做题；干扰项分析是用“排除法”进行做题，很不错的哦！黄皮书的答案解析同样给的也是表析、快速解题、正确项设置和干扰项设置，选项表析没有选项的出处和特征分析；其它的几个点也比较简单了。（原谅宝宝写的有点累，就不一一写了，大家自己看图哇~~）3.书籍的赠品资料还是说一下我的购物体验吧！我买书的时候是比较喜欢店家送小礼物的，尤其是比较实用的东西。《考研真相》中送了很多的电子资料，包含了词汇、语法、翻译点拨的PDF资料，还有“零元课”的免费视频赠送，有词汇、语法和技巧点拨等很多资料，可以下载到手机上，随时进行学习。黄皮书中送的资料有词汇背诵宝典和8年真题资料，都是文本资料，电子资料也有很多的啦！也还不错的，只是不是很适合像我这种基础不好的人学习。

考研五大题型中，翻译对语法和词汇的依赖度最高，那么在这里我们就一起分析，想要拿下翻译题，至少需要掌握哪些方面的词汇知识。考研词汇基本可以分为两大类：基础词汇，大约2000词;核心词汇，3500左右。基础词汇，指考生在初高中就已经学过的词语，比如“support”、“claim”等等，基础词汇在翻译中也很常见，主要考察其生僻意思，其难度令大多数考生望而生畏。比如，2010年考研试题翻译中出现了这样的搭配“health of game”，很多同学觉得很简单直接翻译成“游戏的健康”。“游戏”不是生物谈何“健康”，这种译文毫无疑问是错误的。在这里就是考察“game”的生僻意思——“猎物”，所以正确翻译应该是“猎物的健康”。再比如，考研考研试题中还出现过这样的搭配“common run of men”，很多同学看到“run”就想到了它的第一意义——“跑步”，甚至有考生翻译成“普通跑男”，这种翻译无疑也是错误的。在这里也是考查“run”的生僻含义，表示“种类”。所以考生在备考翻译词汇时，要多积累一些基础词汇的生僻意思。那有同学会问，考研2000多个基础词汇都需要掌握才能做好翻译吗?答案当然是否定的，2000多个基础词汇未必都会在翻译题中考察，翻译中的基础词汇有一个非常明显的特点——在翻译题中复现率极高，比如“business”一词在2005年考过“行业”(television business)的含义，2006年考过“商业”(conct in business)的含义，2009年考过“业务”的含义(chief business)。大家在备考翻译中的基础词汇时，只需关注历届考研翻译考研试题中出现的那一部分即可，大概有500词左右。核心词汇，指初高中未学过、较长较难的词汇。这部分词虽然难，但是词义比较固定，相对没有那么灵活，所以同学想办法记住词义就可，无需掌握多个意思。当然，备考翻译也不需要将3500个核心词汇都背全，考研翻译中核心词汇考察有一个很显著的特征——这部分词在考研阅读和完形填空中复现率极高。所以大家应该主要去掌握这两大题型中常出现的核心词汇，总计1000词左右。翻译题型只是纸老虎，只要大家根据出题特点相应进行备考，拿下6分或9分的及格分并不困难。

考研英语一试题种类很多，目前市面上卖的很火的就是《考研真相》和黄皮书了，但是这两者还是有很大的差距的。下问是两者详细的对比，希望对大家有所帮助。一、《考研真相》和黄皮书共同优点现在要说的是这两本书的共同的优点，也是这些优点的存在让它们的销量翻倍，好评如潮。这两本书都是分层装订得，这样子很方便大家携带。同时，它们还采用了双色印刷，纸质非常好，让人感觉很喜欢用。都有英汉对照，英文居左，汉语居右，很方便对照查阅，还可以拿来练习翻译。此外，他们的翻译给出了试题的来源，英汉对照式的原文和译文。写作的话都给出了不同梯度的作文模板。二、《考研真相》和黄皮书的不同点要说他们的不同点简直太多了，先说最重要的一点吧！适用人群是有区别的，《考研真相》的适用人群是基础不好的人，而黄皮书则截然相反。下面具体说说两者的不同吧！1.文章讲解详略由于使用人群的不同，这两本书的粗略程度也是有着天壤之别的。《考研真相》里面的讲解很详细，很适合打基础。词汇注释和句子解析详细到每句话都拿出来讲，完全可以不用单词书和语法书。而黄皮书的话词汇注解相对简单，考生复习还得查阅字典等工具书，句子解析更是粗略，只对长难句进行了讲解，基础不好的人肯定不能很好的理顺文章，那么做题肯定答不对。2.答案解析详略《考研真相》和黄皮书的答案解析也是有很大的差距的。《考研真相》的答案解析讲解很详细，比如说它的阅读答案解析，从中可以学会用“回文法”和“排除法”进行做题。黄皮书中的答案一段落为单位，再每个段落之后安排了相应的考题，这样子割裂了文章的连贯性，不利于考生进行复习。不过它的文章前面设置有“考题速览”，这个板块还是不错的，可以帮助你整体了解文章。三、到底应该如何选择会更好？现在的考生遇到的难题，大都是单词不认识，语法学不会，从而文章读不懂，更别提做题了，肯定是做不对的。要想解决这些困难，还是要解决基础问题的。话说到这里就很明显了，聪明的人肯定都知道自己该如何选择了。复习基础知识当然是要选择一本讲解比较详细的书，这样子自己才能看得懂，才有信心好好复习。

嗨，这里是小恬的第七篇文章。在前面六篇文章中，小恬已经把一篇完型、四篇阅读和一篇七选五翻译完毕（点击蓝字链接即可阅读）2020考研英语一真题翻译22020考研英语一真题翻译32020考研英语一真题翻译42020考研英语一真题翻译52020考研英语一真题翻译6剩余的翻译、作文部分因为大家都有答案，就准备只将三道题目翻译一下。另外为了感谢大家的收藏和分享，小恬打算在文末跟大家分享一下完型、阅读和七选五的答题技巧，都是干货啦。第三部分 翻译仔细阅读以下文本，然后将画横线部分翻译成中文。你的翻译应该整洁地书写在答题卡上。（10分）第四部分 写作A部分你的大学的学生会安排你通知国际学生一个即将到来的歌唱音乐会。写一则百字左右的公告。将你的答案写在答题卡上。在公告里不要用你自己的名字。B部分根据下面的图片写一篇160到200字的文章。在文章中，你应该:1、简要描述图片2、说明隐含意义3、给出你的观点将答案写在答题卡上。（20分）考研英语真题答题技巧分享:一、完型1.梳理介词意义考研英语对常见单词考得很细，尤其是介词（如to, by, with用于连接句子成分）、连词（如since, if, unless, while可用于连接句子）这些种类的单词，本身数量并不多，更容易掌握。备考时将这些词语统计一下，一个一个对照词典查好共有哪些意义，还有相互之间的辨析，如20年真题的in, on, at, under。2.犹豫不决时，将候选单词分别放上去默读，选择通顺的那个。如完型最后一题，just end up with就比just follow up with通顺，也是最恰当的。二、阅读理解1.分类型做题。一般看完文章后，不要立刻答题，而是先看题目类型。对于文章主要内容learn from the text、文章标题best title of the text的可以作答，因为考察的是文章主要内容和思想倾向，这在文章总是重复出现而且第一印象会比较深刻。而题目限定了某一段（出现Paragraph）、某个人、某个机构（句中单词首字母会大写如第二篇文章的Elsevier，第三篇文章的Catalyst,甚至以缩略词出现,整个单词大写，如第四篇文章OECO）的时候，需要回到文章，寻找对应的目标。此时不要太相信自己的记忆完全依靠它来作答，因为记忆是偏向总体性、主观的，而细节是部分的、客观的，往往会有出入。2.利用出题顺序。一般来说，细节理解题的顺序与文章段落顺序一致，寻找答案时可以依据段落顺序寻找。例如，如果第一题对应了第一段，第二题的就在第二三段，搜索关键词的时候可以不用看第一段和比较后的段落。如第四篇文章，第37题提到Paragraph 2（第二段）,第39题提到Paragraph 5（第五段），那么第38题肯定在第三、四段找。3.原文与答案对比。此时需要细心对照，一般完全不同和完全相同的可以直接排除。出现原文同义词的大概率是正确答案。如第36题，选项的impose a levy 和原文的impose a…… tax, 选项的 tech multinationals和原文的multinationals that ……digital services 就是部分完全相同，部分同义词替换。三、七选五1.锁定关键词。七选五一般是一段选一句，我们需要从段落层面概括每一段的大意，提炼核心，再与七个句子的关键词比对，挑选最适合的一项。2.注意修饰词。七个句子一般都不是长句，每个单词都有其存在的意义，不能随便删除，故而其中的修饰词必须在上下文中有所体现。如G选项的could also be，也，那么前文肯定出现过与主语eye contact或者表语aggressive相同或者相反的单词。对比C选项can be friendly，可以判断的是，如果C和G两个选项都需要选进文中，C填入的空格肯定在G前。尤其注意定语（如选项的most, biological, friendly），它们或是它们的同义词需要在对应的段落出现。当然，所有答题技巧都要靠实力支撑，否则也只能沦为奇技淫巧。考研初试英语实力，主要靠的单词和语法基础。再次推荐一下新概念系列，多看、多读、多分析其中的文章，搞定语法和单词。这门课程对提升听说能力也大有裨益。祝大家初试第一、复试第一、总分第一，成功上岸！

小白答疑　哈喽，小小白们好久不见，小白答疑回归啦~在这里，我们会从大家的留言中筛选一些典型问题进行详细的解答，帮助大家披荆斩棘，关关难过关关过！1一轮复习要达到什么效果？某小小白发表于1天前小白考研小白小白，一轮复习到底应该达到什么样的效果，因为我看也有同学和我一样觉得一轮复习课后题目都不大会做，知识点也是记不住，就陷入了深深的自我怀疑与自我否定中，然后就是在不相信自己的怀疑态度里复习，更加没效果。一轮复习达到的效果不能一概而论，毕竟大家基础不同，复习效率也不同，自然最后掌握的情况也不一样，但大体上各科的一轮复习要求可以有如下参考：英语单词至少背完一遍，能独立进行长难句分析，也做了一部分真题，至少做到除去近三年真题外，其他年份的真题的4篇阅读都刷过一遍。数学基础知识啃完一遍，争取达到基础题目都会做，明白哪些是基础考点，哪些是重难点题型；了解各科目的知识框架图，每一章有哪些考点，每一个考点有哪些常见题型及答题套路。但是注意一轮复习不需要研究偏题难题也无需开始数学真题。专业课根据大纲要地毯式浏览完一遍，并做了适当的笔记，并做完对应的课后题。政治课本基础看完一遍（暑假左右开始即可），并搭配相应章节题目，做题正确率≥60%就说明掌握的很不错啦。2英语真题每一遍要怎么做？某小小白发表于1天前小白考研想问做英语真题好几遍怎么做？第一遍？第二遍？第三遍的侧重点是什么？还是答案不写在上面，做三遍？对于英语真题，大多数过来人都建议刷3遍左右，但是由于大家基础不同，所以也不用死板教条，我们的原则是求质不求量，尽自己最大能力就行。第一遍仔细刷，不放过一个犄角旮旯。可以以篇为单位做，做完对答案，对照答案解析分析每一个选项，做到每一个选项都在文中找到出处（对在哪、错在哪），逐字逐句翻译，分析出题思路。第二遍可以以篇为单位也可以几篇一起做，主要是对第一遍进行查漏补缺，哪些单词还不记得，哪些长难句还不会分析和翻译，同时继续分析出题思路。第二遍依然错的题目就要格外重视了，这就是你的弱势题型，一定要多总结，避免下次出错。第三遍做起来速度就很快了，主要是查第一二遍的漏，做最后的总结。小白建议大家在做题时把答案写在另外的纸上或者直接把真题复印一式三份，每一遍都用崭新的卷子做，因为没有标记的试卷才能检测出自己是否真正掌握了相关知识点。做真题最重要的是总结出题套路，一篇文章，每一遍的效果肯定大不相同，就如同好的书籍，一定要研读多次，把书读厚再读薄，此即真题反复刷的意义所在。最后，大家要记住留下最近三年的真题作为考前模拟哦~如果大家想了解什么或者有什么问题，都可以留言给我们，小白都会努力回复大家的哟~

考研英语各位考生在复习的时候需要分析考情，那么今天环球青藤小编就来给大家说一说考研英语试卷结构分析，希望能给各位考生带来帮助，祝愿各位考生都能取得满意的成绩。首先，我们先来看一下考研英语试卷结构。以英语(一)为例：第一部分，完形填空(20*0.5’=10’)第二部分，阅读理解。包括：传统阅读(20*2’=40’)新题型(5*2’=10’)翻译 (5*2’=10’)第三部分，写作。包括：小作文(10’)大作文(20’)针对于这样的试卷安排，考生并不陌生。那么，在各部分，词汇是如何考查考生，而考生又应该如何应对呢?接下来，我们再依次看一下各个部分对于词汇的考察以及备考策略。(一) 完形填空。完形填空可以说是考研整套试卷对于词汇最直接最根本的考查。它主要考查同义词、反义词、形近词的辨析以及单词的搭配和组合能力。我们以05年真题为例，05年考研英语真题完形填空是 关于人类鼻子功能的说明文。其中，70%的考题关于词汇(v.7个 adj.4个 n.1个 prep. 2个) 30%考语法，逻辑关系，固定搭配(逻辑关系4个，固定搭配2个)。由此可见，完全考查词汇的题占到了70%。因此，如果单词没有打好基础，这部分分数也是很难拿到的。我们再来看以一下词汇的具体考法。 1、词汇辨析：包括形近异义词，形异义近词 2、词语搭配(介词与名词、介词与形容词、介词与动词、动词与副词、动词与名词的搭配等) 3、习语(即一些固定的词组)的意义 例如， rare bird (特立独行的人)。(二)阅读理解。考研阅读理解分成三大部分：传统阅读理解，新题型和翻译。对于这三部分的考题，词汇毫无疑问都是基础，换句话说，不认识单词，谈不上做题方法与技巧。但是，考研英语较四六级英语而言，它考查词汇的难度较大，因为其经常考查单词熟词生义。针对这一考点，考生在平时准备单词的时候要格外用心，要把出现的熟词生义总结下来，并且背诵下来。只有自己不断的积累，才能为单词打下夯实的基础。这里就不展开各个题型给考生介绍考查形式了。(写作)写作对单词的考查是最直接，最具体的。它涉及到考生是否能够正确使用单词，包括单词的拼写与用法。这就要求考生在平时准备时就要做到常用写作词汇拼写无误，词汇丰富。对于词的要求为词汇的准确性和多样性。准确性包括(1)拼写正确(2)用法正确Eg. (1) I’ll send you home first on my way to station. (正确的用法为take)(2) That corrupted official is famous for his lust. (正确的用法为notorious)多样性包括在选择上不要选择过于简单乏味的单词，相反，要选择一些词义相同，表达方式不同的词语。例如，英文写作中一定会写到“因为”，考生就可以用到一下表达方式。Eg. because, e to, thanks to ,on account of, considering that, seeing that, in that, now that…由此可见，词汇渗透在考研英语的各个题型中，考生只有对词汇做好全面的复习，打好基础，到了复习的冲刺阶段，才不会产生障碍。考研英语试卷结构分析小编就说到这里了，更多关于考研考试的报名入口，报名时间，考研成绩查询，报名费用，准考证打印入口及时间等问题，小编会及时更新。希望各位考生都能进入自己的理想院校。希望大家能认真做题，提高应试能力。

关于考研英语如何复习？按照“合——分——合”的步骤，上一篇说了第一部分“合”（预备阶段），接下来说“分”，即专项训练。“分”成几块研一研！（专项训练）如果说上面提到的真题检测是预备阶段，那么从“分题型精研”（专项训练）开始，则进入了真题的正式复习阶段。当然，不是“合”完之后，就立刻开始“分”。要是在之前的检测中，发现自己和考研之间有很大差距，还得先复习“基础知识”——就英语而言，即“背单词”和“补语法”；要是自己和考研之间差距特别小，可以直接开始专项训练，在“分题型精研真题”的过程中巩固基础知识。“分”的意义在于：（1）专注做一件事更容易成功。完形、阅读、新题型、翻译和作文考查的重点不尽相同，如果同时开始复习，会导致精力分散、失去焦点，可能什么都复习不好。在一段时间内集中全力去攻克同一个题型，大脑会在重复训练中不断强化、不断深化，反而更容易出成绩。 （2）先复习分值更大的题型。考研英语一分值：阅读（40分）>作文（30分）>完形（10分）=新题型（10分）=翻译（10分）；考研英语二分值：阅读（40分）>作文（25分）>翻译（15分）>完形（10分）=新题型（10分）。（3）先复习更易提分的题型。考研英语一提分容易度：阅读>新题型>作文>翻译>完形；考研英语二提分容易度：阅读>新题型>翻译>作文>完形（个人观点，仅供参考，这里的提分容易度是综合“难易程度”和“提分空间”做出的判断）。（4）先复习比较基础的题型。这里的“基础”，指的是可以为后续复习提供帮助的题型。举个例子，在复习完形、阅读、新题型这几个选择题时，如果你能做到真正意义上的“精读文章”（不只是分析试题答案，而是逐词逐句扫清文章中的词汇障碍和语法障碍），其实也是在给翻译和写作做积累，能够在一定程度上提升翻译和写作能力。综合以上几大要素，建议大家按照“阅读—新题型—作文—翻译—完形”的顺序进行专项训练（具体可结合自身情况进行调整，但阅读一定要最先开始复习；而作文难度较大，需要付出更多时间和精力，不建议太晚）。注意事项：（1）不要在专项训练时就做完所有的真题，一定要留出至少5套完整的试题进行下一阶段成套精研。（比如，把《考研真相》“考前冲刺版”2015—2020这6年真题留在最后进行成套精研，用“基础加强版”2001—2007和“高分突破版”2008—2014共14年真题进行专项训练；或从“高分突破版”开始，留几年后面的真题用于成套训练——具体留多少年，需根据专项训练的结果而定。）《考研真相》里面是一句一句图解文章的，基础再差也能看懂，还总结了一套完整的解题方法，从题干和选项分析，挨个排除了干扰项，可以帮你提高正确率，适合基础差想多提分的考研党用。考英二的话，就用《考研圣经》，同一系列的英语一真题《考研真相》（2）专项训练时，各题型的练习套数不必追求完全一致，应根据题型的重要程度和自己的掌握程度灵活调整。举个例子，阅读可能需要做十年，甚至更多套才能较好掌握；但新题型可能做五六套就没问题了。（3）后期时间如果比较紧张，或者为了缓解枯燥，可以同时开始两个题型。比如，翻译和作文就可以作为一项长期工程，从某个阶段开始每天坚持翻译一个句子（精读阅读文章其实也是在复习翻译），或者每天坚持摘抄一句作文佳句（到一定阶段可以每天坚持写一个英文句子）。

2020考研英语一真题及答案【完整版】！【完形】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案（1-20）1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up【阅读】Section III Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for Zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. "A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a "town of culture" award could [A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as [A] a sensible compromise.[B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-cotching bonus.[D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it [A] endeavours to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present [A] a contrasting case.[B] a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D] a related topic.25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical[B] Objective[C] Favourable[D] Critical答案（21-25）21.D focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.B a self-deceiving attempt.23.D commits to its long-term growth.24.B a supporting example.25.C Favourable.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money, Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the proction of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing instry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers proced in the world, made profits of more than f 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than f 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every pay walled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms; either freely available from the moment of publication,or pay walled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their proct free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around500 to $5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these "article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because [A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.!27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have [A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing instry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? [A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned.[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms [A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] rece the cost of publication substantially.[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D] The few feed on the many.答案（26-30）26.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27.A thrived mainly on university libraries.28.D Encouraged.29.A allow publishers some room to make money.30.D The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are lessthan40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feelgood but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will [A] help little to rece gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the Califormia measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C] It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate [A] the harm from arbitrary board decision. [B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to [A] the underestimation of elite women's role[B] the objection to female participation on boards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women's need in employment should be considered.[B] Feasibility, should be a prime concern in policy making.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.答案（31-35）31.A help little to rece gender bias.32.C It may go against the Constitution.33.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.35.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.Text4 :Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a"GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple, Facebook and Amazon-in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax).Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance, law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union. Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach aconsensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to [A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax [A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that [A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work [A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to in involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy答案（36-40）36.C impose alevy on tech multinationals.37.A may trigger countermeasures against France.38.B the current international tax system needs upgrading39.C is faced with uncertain prospects.40.B France leads the charge on Digital TaxPart B Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fix actions are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated [F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor ring a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact: We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In althood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42. Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer ring a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond ring direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.44. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image. are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45. In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues "Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.答案（41-45）41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signal42.E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43.G Eye contact can also be aggressive44.A Eye fixactions are brief45.D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence ring the 14h century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17h century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored itellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) Before each of their revelations many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking.including the geo-centric view that the Earth was a the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory ring a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress. this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe ring most of 17h century. (49) As many took on the ty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17h and I8h centuries were times of radical change and curiosity, Scientific method,rectionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase' sapere aude' or dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay" An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?".It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.答案（46-50）46.随着教会的教义和思维方式在文艺复兴时期黯然失色，中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合，从而出现了新的及尚未开发的知识领域。47.在每个真理揭示之前，当时的许多思想家都采用了更古老的思维方式，仍旧沿用以前的思维模式，其中包括认为地球是宇宙中心的地球中心说。48.尽管教会试图镇压这-代逻辑学家和理性主义者，但人们对宇宙如何运转的解释却越来越多，并且以-种不容忽视的速度在增加。49.当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时，文艺复兴时代已经结束，并且开启了一个新的时代。50.此类寻求知识和了解已知信息的行为被拉丁语概括为：“sapere aude"即"敢于求知”作文Section ll WritingPart A51. Directions:The students union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest. White a notice in about 100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice. (10 points)小作文：通知留学生唱歌比赛 【参考范文】NoticeDec.21, 2019In order to enrich the campus life and provide the colorful life for you, the Students' Union is preparing the upcoming singing contest, which will be held in the auditorium in our university on the evening of December 31, 2019. Now, the Union is recruiting contestants for this competition.Anyone who are fond of signing or interested in the competition, please send his or her application to students’union@sohu.com before next Wednesday. Besides, there are generous awards in gratitude for this activity. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any queries concerning the singing contest. Meanwhile, volunteers for this activity are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs.We are looking forward to your participation.The Students' UnionPart B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below, In your essay, you should1) Describe the picture briefly,2) Interpret the implied meaning, and3) Give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)大作文：习惯良好的时间管理习惯 【参考范文】Portrayed distinctively by the two cartoons above is an impressive scene: a girl in the left picture is doing homework and saying that early completion is better. Nevertheless, the boy in the right picture is sitting in front of the desk and saying that he will not finish the homework until the last minute.Undoubtedly, the symbolic implication of the pictures is to show us that importance should be attached to the formation of good habits, especially the good habit of time management. On the one hand, efficient time management is critical to personal development. As the old saying goes,“Time is money," and in the fast-paced modern life, it seems that we always have a lot of things to do and we are very busy. In the face of such a situation, we have to realize that efficiency holdsthe key to saving time and time management skills hold the key to personal success. On the other hand, good time management habits play a vital role in the development of the whole society. There is no doubt that, to a large extent, social progress is closely related to the efforts of each indivial. If we can develop the good habit of time management, we are much more likely to improve efficiency and have a better performance in the learning and working process, which is anintegral part of social advances and prosperity.From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that the sense of efficient time management skills is of equal importance in personal and social progress.Therefore,we ought to take advantage of the phenomenon to enlighten the public and the press is expected to take a lead in advertising the value of developing good time management habits. 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2020考研结束，小西老师们经过这几天的整理、研讨分析，终于把今年的真题卷研究透彻了！今天，小西带大家了解一下完形填空和阅读理解~Let's take a look！Part 1 英语一01完形填空复现结构（题目源于20考研英语一真题）02阅读理解主旨大意（题目源于20考研英语一真题）作者态度题（题目源于20考研英语一真题）Part 2 英语二01阅读理解事实细节题（题目源于20考研英语二真题）推理判断题（题目源于20考研英语二真题）词义推断题（题目源于20考研英语二真题）讲个秘密上面全部的这些题型的解题技巧，小西都在冲刺专题当中详细地讲解过，除此之外，在小西的押题密卷中，阅读理解text2与2020年英语二真题text3主题一致，都是环保类，且复现较多真题词汇。20考研英语真题text3小西押题密卷text2WOW~应该给小西老师加鸡腿！21考研的童鞋们，考研跟对老师很重要，而小西的老师刚好专业！想真题体验的童靴可以去小西考研APP上了解哦