考研英语一试题库

2020考研英语一参考书哪个好，真题解析怎么样？考路护航小编整理了以下经验贴，如果你遇到这样的问题，请参考下文哦。很多同学说，题库做过许多，毫不幽默的说，做的历年试题都已经可以当沙发坐垫了。刚开始刚碰到题库的时后，建意先从李达的2020年考研公共课英语词汇精讲做起，李达博士任职于武汉大学，15年教学辅导经验，是考研复试口语面试官，他采用独创ARTS英语教学法，编写的考研英语真题词汇，最合适拿来打基础，而且它的逐题逐句解读历年试题，能够帮你完全弄懂历年试题。弄懂每一语句的词法组成，根据英语词注释，夯实基础没把握的英语词。薄弱环节的朋友都会用！小贴士：真题做题技巧：拿到历年试题，先大概浏览题目，归纳题干关键信息词。然后精读文章段首，确立语句和语句之间的关系，进而寻找关键句。再去再阅读其他每段起句，梳理每段与主题思想之间的关系。英语短文的逻辑性十分强，每一语段相互间全是有较强的逻辑顺序的。例如，第一段叙述了某类状况，第二段就会对于这一状况剖析缘故，或是实际诠释这一状况在实际中的反映。因此，我认为必须要穿透得出结论的内容看懂语段和主题思想之间的关系，搞清楚每一语段都是不孤立的，全是和全篇中心思想有某类思维关连。这比只是地看懂零碎的词汇、句意更为关键。由于弄搞清楚逻辑顺序之后，全篇的构思和框架结构就会很明了，可以确切效率高地掌握全篇內容。

以下是金程考研为大家带来2019年考研英语二真题及解析。在考研路上，金程考研与你并肩前行！2019年考研英语二真题及答案解析来源：金程考研

2020考研英语二真题及答案【作文】！真题：一个饼图：60%用来学习知识，21%用来消磨时间，4%是其它，17%是获取信息。高校学生手机阅读目的调查【参考范文-网络版】As is vividly depicted in the chart, it provides the information concerning the reading purpose of college students by mobile phones in a certain university.To be specific, the percentage of learning is 58%, which is biggest among the four categories. Meanwhile, acquiring information, entertaining and others account for 28%, 12% and 2% respectively.Without a doubt, the real purpose of the chart is to tell us that a majority of college students read their phones for study rather than have fun. On one hand, with the rapid development of science and technology, our smart phones become increasingly convenient for students to study. Instead of taking numerous books in their bags, they prefer to put significant learning materials into their phone and then they can read them at any place they want. On the other hand, the present college students are under huge competitive stress. As a result, they are aware of the significance of learning in college,where they should enhance their knowledge and skills to cope with the challenges and obstacles in the years to come.Taking above reasons into consideration, we could firmly believe that the tendency will continue in the forthcoming years.小作文：真题Directions:Suppose you are panning a tour of historical site for a group of international students1) Say something about the site2) give some tips for the tourYou should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name at the end of the email. Use“Li Ming" instead.Do not write the address (10 points)[参考范文--网络版]Dear international students,Welcome to China! Knowing that you have a keen interest in Chinese historical sites, I am writing to recommend you to visit the Forbidden City, one of the prestigioushistoric relics in China.Here are the brief introctions . Firstly, The Forbidden city is the imperial palace of the two dynasties in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Secondly, located in the capital of China, the Forbidden City showcases many collections of ancient arts and antiques, which offer a glimpse of China's extensive and sophisticated culture.Finally, what needs to pay special attention to is that you had better book tickets online ahead of time though any digital devices. Before visiting, to take a panorama of the palace would be a sensible to guild your trip and save much time.I hope my suggestions would be of benefit for you. Please feel free to contact me. I am looking forward to your reply.Enjoy your tour!关于作文的真题和参考答案就到这里啦，今年参加考研的小伙伴可以好好休息一下啦。2020考研已经结束，话说2021考研还会远吗？备考2021考研的宝宝们，不用害怕，考研一般在大三第二学期2月份开始，考研的话，大半年时间够用了，现在你可以搜集了解目标院校的招生简章、专业目录、参考书目、报录比这些信息，尽量找一些已考上的学姐学长，了解参考书目、真题等信息。有机会的话去目标院校多转转，没准儿会有意想不到的收获。现阶段，你应该学好英语和专业课，打好基础，为你的正式备考打好基础。说到资料，数学的话，一般来说汤神讲的细、基础，适合基础不好的，李大帝综合性强。英语的话，真题安利英语一的《考研真相》/英语二的《考研圣经》，逐词逐句精解，一句一句解析每一篇真题，完形填空和阅读理解都是一句话一句话给你分析讲解的，补基础很不错。

你知道一份考研英语试卷是怎么诞生的吗？它经历了怎样的“整容”手术，才最终呈现在考生面前的呢？今天，猫叔来揭开真题的这层神秘面纱，让你看个清楚。01对比题源文章猫叔在上一篇文章中，已经把命题人的选材库翻了个底朝天。我们发现，命题人主要从英美报刊杂志中选取文章。这些题源文章，且叫他生肉文章。下面展示一下，命题人是如何把生肉文章加工成熟肉的，是为「考研试卷诞生记」。我们以2005年Text 1做标本。首先，Google这篇阅读的第一句Everybody loves a fat pay rise，我们发现文章选自The Economist《经济学人》。整容前的生肉文章然后将生肉文章，和命题人改编过的熟肉文章逐字进行对比，剪裁过程一目了然。02第一步，去标题标题是一篇文章的文眼所在，同时蕴含作者的态度立场。保留标题，相当于剧透。所以，改编的第一步，是去标题。原文标题这篇阅读选自《经济学人》，而该杂志的标题可谓独树一帜。概括来说，就是八个大字：多层标题，主题突出。通常采用三层标题式，分别为加红、放大字体、加粗字体三种排版方式。层层推进，观点明晰。以上图为例，第一层是红色大标题，表明文章的话题是「动物行为」；第二层大号字体，对标题进行进一步说明，「公平、公正」；第三层是加粗字体，交代文章内容，某些猴子似乎具备高度发达的公平意识。剧透这么多，去标题当然是命题人的先行步骤。03第二步，裁剪。裁剪手法主要包括删减、增添和替换。考研大纲规定，4篇阅读的字数大约1600词，平均每篇大约400词左右。这篇文章未删减前共520词，超出词数要求范围，命题人进行了删减。第1段只字未动。第2段删了三处。第一处是删掉了which引导的定语从句，这个从句补充说明雌性卷尾猴入选研究对象的原因：它们身上有吸引公众眼球的一切必需要素。删掉这个从句，并不影响句子意义的完整性。第二处删掉了超纲词finicky，意思是「过分讲究的，爱挑剔的」。删除的另一个原因是，第23题问的就是雌性卷尾猴被当做研究对象的原因，而这个词直接关系着答案。正确选项就是对这个词的深度解读。这也是命题人没有选择一贯的超纲词替换手法（加括号注释法），而是直接删掉的原因。第三处删掉了括号内容，括号本来就是起补充说明的作用，删掉不影响句意。第3段替换了一个超纲词。将swap替换成exchange，二者意思相同。注意，命题人处理超纲词还有一种手段，那就是加括号补充说明法。例如，2006年Text 3中，biomass是超纲词，命题人并未删减，而是在其后面添加括号（the amount of living biological matter）对biomass这个词进行了解释说明。第4段进行了两处替换。将短语in the absence of替换为同义的without；将超纲表达sullen behavior替换为resentment。第5段内容全删。这一段介绍了两位博士在试验前期教卷尾猴以物换物时的一些发现，是对上一段的补充性内容。第6段也算是全保留，只是将million的缩写式还原为完整写法。经以上删减改编后，由原来的6段变为5段，最后的真题文章词数为426。04第三步，设题。关于出题，有一个原则是始终不变的，那就是「题文同序」原则。也就是说，题目序号和文章段落顺序是同步的，永远不会出现「第一道题从第三段出，第二道题又从第一段出」这种无秩序情况。这篇阅读的出题布局是这样的：前两道题21题和22题都出自第一段；23题出自第二段；24题出自最后两段；25题出自最后一段。其中，21、22、25题有明显的段落定位标识，其他两题需要综合题干和选项来定位出处。那一篇文章中，什么句子最有可能成为出题点呢？简单来说，就是你在阅读过程中，那些没有读懂或者似懂非懂的句子。下面我们将站在命题人的高度，来审视一下五道题的出题点。第21题其实是问作者的开篇手法。第一段里，all too human和all too monkey这两个特殊表达成功地引起了我的注意。而且从末句的But可以看出，重点在all too monkey上，也是文章主旨所在。那具体怎么在这两个表达上做文章呢？all too human尚可理解，「太人性的」，但「太猴性的」该做何解呢？于是，根据第一个问号有了第21题，根据第二个问号有了第22题。第23题在上面的剪裁过程中解释过了。第24题有点简单，其实答案就是把原文中的肯定句改为否定句，换了个说法而已。第25题是推理题，关键看能不能理解文末那个长难句。综上，出题点主要集中在第一、二、五段。那第三四段为什么没有设题呢？读一下第三四段你会发现，这两段都是白描性语言，第三段讲研究人员如何教会卷尾猴用石头换取食物，第四段讲葡萄是卷尾猴的最爱，有葡萄谁也不乐意吃黄瓜片儿。这样的平铺直叙性段落，少了拐弯抹角那个劲儿，不适合出考研难度的题目。那考研阅读的出题点有何特征呢？梳理以后我发现有这么几个：第一，逻辑衔接处。转折、因果、递进、让步等具有明显逻辑关系的句子，很容易成为出题点。第二，长难句。有一些句子很长，动辄七八十词、上百词，结构又复杂，是出题重灾区。考查的就是学生对长难句层次和结构的分析能力。第三，举例处。这个只需记住一点，例子就是论据，而论据是为论点服务的，找准论点题目怎么出都不会做错。第四，引用处。英语文章很爱引用权威人士、专家的话来佐证或反驳观点。经常出态度立场题，只要注意文中具有感情色彩的表达，稍加分析，就能做对题目。其他的诸如，特殊单词处常出语义题；类比处常出写作手法题等等。这些零散的微观出题点也需要了解一下。05三步骤汇总至此，命题人的出题三大步骤已非常清晰：一去标题、二剪裁、三设题。阅读文章题材多样，形式变化万千，但是出题人的出题思路和考查目的却是万变不离其宗。因此，学习阅读理解的过程。其实就是破解出题人思路的过程。换位思考尤为重要。我们要学会站在命题人的高度，内化命题人的出题思维。只有这样，才能啃下考研阅读这块硬骨头。

朱永涛《英语国家社会与文化入门》（第3版）配套题库（含考研真题）英国、爱尔兰、澳大利亚第1章英国简介（1）Ⅰ. Multiple choice.1. Who were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England?[北二外2008研]A. The Anglo-Saxons.B. The Vikings.C. The Normans.D. The Romans.【答案】A查看答案【解析】盎格鲁-撒克逊人是日耳曼民族的分支，于五世纪中期由北欧入侵大不列颠，成为现今英格兰人的祖先。2. Which of the following was the man who crushed various rebellions in Ireland and settled English and Scottish Protestants there by giving them land?[北京交大2005研；首都师范大学2008研]A. Oliver CromwellB. King Charles ⅠC. William ⅠD. William Ⅲ【解析】克伦威尔，英国政治家、军事家、宗教领袖；他粉碎了爱尔兰的多次反叛，并将土地分给英格兰和苏格兰新教徒。3. In which of the following years did Julius Caesar invade Britain?[首都师范大学2009研]A. 55 BCB. 54 BCC. 54 ADD. 43 AD【解析】Julius Caesar凯撒，罗马共和国末期独裁统治者、政治家、军事统帅；他于公元前55年入侵英国。4. Which of the following peoples were the ancestors of the Welsh?[首都师范大学2009研]A. The Celts.B. The Romans.C. The Danes.D. The Anglo-Saxons.【解析】英国威尔士人的祖先为凯尔特人；盎格鲁-撒克逊人是英格兰人的祖先。5. The Church of England founded by Henry Ⅷ was named in England as _____.[中山大学2009研]A. CatholicB. AnglicanC. PuritanD. Episcopal【答案】B查看答案【解析】亨利八世，英国都铎王朝第二任国王；因教皇不同意其离婚的要求，亨利八世在英国推行宗教改革，脱离罗马天主教廷，引进新教，建立了英国国教（the Church of England），也被称为圣公会（Anglican Church）；宗教改革使英国王权得到高度集中。6. Christianity was first introced into Britain by _____.[北京交大2007研；对外经贸2003]A. the CeltB. The RomansC. the Viking DanesD. the Norman-French【解析】公元前55年，罗马人入侵英国，把基督教引进了英国。7. Three of the following are the main activities of the City of London. Which is the exception?[北京交大2006研]A. Government administration.B. Buying and selling commodities.C. Providing services and finance for commercial investment.D. Stock exchanges.【解析】伦敦是世界最重要的金融中心之一；主要活动包括买卖商品，为商业投资提供服务和资金以及股票交易。选项A不包含在内，为正确答案。8. Britain doesn’t share any land border with any other countries except _____.A. the Republic of IrelandB. FranceC. IcelandD. Norway【解析】英国位于大不列颠群岛，被北海、英吉利海峡、凯尔特海、爱尔兰海和大西洋包围，仅与同属大不列颠群岛的爱尔兰共和国接壤。9. As King Alfred was not able to drive the Danes out of England, he made a treaty with them, allowing them to keep the northern and eastern parts of England, which later became known as _____.A. the DanelawB. WessexC. SussexD. Normandy【解析】阿尔弗雷德同丹麦人签订协议，允许丹麦人治理英格兰东北地区，这部分地区后来被称为“丹麦区”，选A。B、C项为昂格鲁撒克逊七国时期的两个国家。D项为法国诺曼底。本文由才聪学习网原创，欢迎关注，带你一起长知识！

考研中有一个重要的复习资料，就是各科目的往年真题。由于真题数量有限，很多童鞋都有一个疑问：什么时候开始做真题比较好呢？经常刷经验贴、逛考研论坛的同学，可能会看到这样一种观点，”因为真题很珍贵，所以要晚做“。惠园教育小编并不是十分赞同这个观点。事实上，“真题很珍贵”同“真题要晚做”根本构不成因果关系，恰恰相反，正是因为真题很珍贵，所以作为考生，我们一定要尽早了解真题、熟悉真题，做到考点清楚、思路清晰。谁占领了先机，谁就为后半程的复习打下了坚实的基础。考研真题很重要，不要犹豫该什么时候做考研真题，你应该思考的是，如何快速找到真题，高效使用考研真题，如何通过做考研真题，从中摸索出命题人的出题思路和命题规律。一、如何快速找到真题对任何一位准备考研的同学来说，历年考研真题的重要性是显而易见的，其他的复习资料可以不买，但前几年的真题是必不可少的。收集历年真题，一直是很多考生头痛的事情，因为大部分院校，不对外公布历年真题，所以，网络上流传的，大多是“回忆版”，不全，而且可能错漏百出。但是也有一部分院校，会在官方网站公布自己院校的历年的真题，供考生下载使用。其实寻找真题也需要好的方法，不然会白白浪费很多时间和金钱。下面为各位考研er提供一些过来人的经验，总结了以下几种方法来帮助大家找真题。1、学校官网查看院校自身的官网，有些学校会公开发布历年真题。2、各大院校考研论坛在各大学校网站的BBS上，总会有热心的师兄师姐介绍自己的考研经验以及上传专业课的考研真题，甚至有过来人连答案也一起贴出！这些帖子在论坛上也很容易找到，因为通常是加精或者置顶的。在百度等网站上发帖求助，一般也会有热心人回复。但是这个考题的准确度和真实性就无从考量了。 3、考上目标学校的师兄师姐“借”如果是本校有师兄师姐考过同一个学校的话，找师兄师姐借考研资料是最好不过。这里的借打了引号，是因为一般找师兄师姐借复习资料的时候，他们都会比较大度地送给自己的小弟小妹们，尤其是对于已经考上的师兄师姐而言，一般在这个时候还处于成功的喜悦当中，对于师弟师妹们的要求当然是来者不拒，更会主动介绍自己考研的经历以及报考专业的情。这对于考研的同学们来说那真是一举两得。每年毕业前，各大高校都会有跳蚤市场，有条件的同学可以去逛逛，运气好可以淘到师兄师姐用过的考研资料，更能因此认识学长学姐。4、考研QQ群QQ群里有很多共享的考研复习资料，考研真题是必不可少的。一般在考研BBS上面会提供不少QQ群供大家在考研路上相互鼓劲。向QQ群发出申请要求加入，一般都会批准，然后就有海量的资料可大量下载。而且在QQ群里，会很快找到大家一起奋斗的感觉，有利于进入状态。QQ群里的考研人很多，最好是能找到本科同一院校或报考同一专业的，因为这样很多真题资料可以共享，和很多相同专业的同学讨论1小时，胜过自己苦思冥想好几天！5、目标院校书店和复印店基本上各高校研招办都会卖各专业5年内的真题，一般是都不贵，有的学校会提供邮寄，如果不提供邮寄的话，那就只有托人买了，或者勤快一点的话，也可自己赶到学校去买，顺便看看学校的环境，憧憬一下自己在这里读研时的场景。去目标院校买真题无疑是最放心的途径，但是成本也比较高。6、利用网络资源（1）利用网络搜索引擎，进行关键词搜索，会有很多网页，一些机构的网页，能够找到一些；（2）到各大网络文库去找，比如百度文库、豆丁文库、道客巴巴文库等，以及一些博客文章等。（3）到网络云盘去搜索，有些人会在云盘分享历年真题。7、淘宝店铺购买通过淘宝进行购买，有些人会专门售卖真题及答案解析，不过大家在购买的时候，一定要注意辨别真伪、年份，以及齐不齐全等问题，不然买了假真题也是劳民伤财。一定要选择那些开设时间比较长，信誉比较好的店铺。8、从专业课辅导班上得到一般辅导班会发放专业课的真题及复习笔记。当然，要不要选择报辅导班，还是看自身情况而定。二、如何高效使用真题由于政治是时事热点和背诵结合的科目，出题倾向受国家、国际大背景影响，真题的重复率低，考场上见到原题基本上是不可能的，所以政治的真题价值相对有限。而英语和数学则不同，由于采取题库制命题，出题规律比较明显，真题利用价值极高。真题的价值大致呈以下顺序排列：数学＞英语＞专业课＞政治下面具体介绍一下如何使用真题：1、近三年考研真题用来摸底自测可以把近三年的考研真题先预留出来，放在一边先不要做，等复习有了一定基础之后，用之来进行模拟自测。年份近的考研真题，最接近真实考试难度，用来考前自测效果最好。考前模考时一定要尽量模拟真实的考试时间，寻找接近真实考场的环境，对完答案后，不必过于在乎分数，认真分析错题原因，查缺补漏，回归课本，学习掌握不清的知识点。2、深入研究十年考研真题的出题规律考研真题作为最宝贵的复习资料，绝不能草草的做一遍就完事。一般来说，考研真题要做十遍，第一遍用来做题，第二遍、三遍用来纠错、总结错误原因，第四到七遍可以用来深入研究总结，比如出题方向、出题规律、考点分布、常见的错题的设置陷阱、以及正确答案的设置原则。考研真题不能光去做，还要认真去研究它的规律，等你摸清出题人的思路，你便能更好的避开出题陷阱，更好的预测出题方向，做到心中有数。3、以考研真题为指向，建立知识体系然而，光研究考研真题，吃透考研真题还不够，因为毕竟考研真题只是覆盖了少量的高频知识点，做考研真题只是考研复习的一种手段，而考研复习的真正目的是建立起完整的知识体系，同学们可以以考研真题为指向，回到知识本身，把课本上的基础知识牢牢掌握。在不同阶段，考研真题具有不同的作用。大家根据复习阶段以及自己的复习程度来分配真题的使用。除了留下用于模拟的真题，其他真题都是要反复研究的。三、各科真题如何使用1、政治由于政治是时政和背诵总和的科目，真题的重复率极低，出题倾向随大环境(国家、国际)而定，所以政治的真题价值可能相对就要低点了。政治历年考试基本都偏重基本知识点的考察，所以我们更多的是要全面了解考试大纲中指出的全部基本知识、基本概念、基本原理(规律和论断)，可按大纲所列的知识点，提出问题，回答问题，并力求理解和记忆。对于政治真题，通过对试卷的分析，可能更多的是需要你掌握基本知识点后要学会加以灵活运用，如果只是背下知识点，不一定能够把题做对，如果一旦换个说法，有些同学就做错了，所以要求大家不仅要会还要懂，将知识点融会贯通。2、专业课专业课方面，往往学校与学校、系与系之间差距较大，真题的价值也各不相同。但是根据大部分老生和科系的经验，专业课方面真题的重复率极高，如果在复习的过程中能拿到近几年的真题，那么在专业课考研中取得高分可能会更容易些。了解了真题之后，我们还有了解一下真题答案。因为通过答案，我们也能了解出题学校的风格，有的学校注重基础的考查，有点像期末考试；有的学校注重对考生学术潜力和文采的了解，有点像写毕业论文、所以，真题的答案也就十分重要了。总的来说，专业课真题的使用要明确下面几点：（1）把握命题风格因为每年的同一章节往往是由同一位或几位命题人命的题，从而可以洞察他们的命题风格，例如是重能力、重基础、还是重应用，书本知识还是延伸扩展知识等等。例如难易程度、考查趋向，是注重基础知识、应用能力还是发挥能力，以及是否存在偏、难、怪等现象。（2）明确专业课考试的题型例如选择题、简答题、论述题、案例分析题等题型类型；通过分析真题，就可以分析得到历年考试什么题型最受关注、什么题型最难答等，从而在具体的复习过程中，提请注意，并在实际练习中，有所侧重关注。（3）可以预测专业课考试范围和考试的高频考点通过对真题的分析，可以发现一个非常普遍的现象，有些知识点同一个学校隔几年都会考，甚至每年都考。相同专业同档次的学校专业课也会反反复复考。这些反反复复考的知识点就是老师容易出题的地方，需要考生高度重视。3、英语英语真题的价值，体现在阅读。如果你做了考研英语阅读，你一定会真正推翻真题要后做这个观点。考研英语阅读与四六级，甚至托福都大不相同。举个最简单的例子，如果把考研英语阅读翻译成汉语，那么你还是很有可能做错题。为什么会这样？很简单，考研阅读不仅考英语能力，更重要的，它考得是你对文章的理解，对出题思路的体会。因此，考研英语的真题确实是很重要，但是并不是说一定要反复做多半。在现阶段，你可以每天的题量都很少，比如一天一篇阅读。但重要的是做完后的分析。其实真题是可以早早做起的，但是你要懂得如何利用和处理它。真题是考研复习资料中的重头，在什么时候使用和如何利用都是需要自己去注意和解决的。考研真题往往需要我们至少做上3-5遍，才能吃透出题人的意图，找到一些命题的规律和答题的技巧。可试卷只有一套，还想做第二遍怎么办？这时候，一种办法是可先用铅笔做，对过答案总结完成后，再用橡皮擦掉痕迹，反复利用。还有另外一种办法：复印3-5份真题或者多买几套真题。这样一来，就可以“肆无忌惮”地在试卷上勾勾画画了。当然，这种方法会增加一些考研花费。4、数学考研数学又分数学一、数学二、数学三，具体考查内容，略有不同。但是复习的宗旨是不变的，那就是充分利用好真题。数学真题的价值，体现在对难易度、出题点和题量时间的把握。考研数学的复习，我们虽然不提倡题海战术，但还是需要一定做题量作为基础的。面对做题时，我们的心态很重要。第一、题目做得好，不要骄傲，做得好并不代表你的成绩就一定好。第二、题目做得差了，得分差了，也千万不要灰心丧气。大家一定要调整做题心态，要尽量把精力放在知识上，而不是分数上。在做题时，不要测试分数，只要能把这几套卷子都吃透，以做试卷，做题为主线来带动知识点的复习，从而查漏补缺，做到科学预测。考研数学后期的复习，要以真题为中心，围绕真题反复复习全部的基础知识，只要抓住真题，就抓住了考研数学复习的“骨”。考研真题真的真的很重要，所以在里再啰嗦一句，一定一定要好好利用真题，期待大家都可以圆梦目标院校。

2020考研英语一真题及答案【完整版】！【完形】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案（1-20）1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up【阅读】Section III Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for Zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. "A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a "town of culture" award could [A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as [A] a sensible compromise.[B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-cotching bonus.[D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it [A] endeavours to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present [A] a contrasting case.[B] a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D] a related topic.25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical[B] Objective[C] Favourable[D] Critical答案（21-25）21.D focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.B a self-deceiving attempt.23.D commits to its long-term growth.24.B a supporting example.25.C Favourable.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money, Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the proction of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing instry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers proced in the world, made profits of more than f 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than f 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every pay walled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms; either freely available from the moment of publication,or pay walled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their proct free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around500 to $5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these "article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because [A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.!27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have [A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing instry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? [A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned.[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms [A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] rece the cost of publication substantially.[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D] The few feed on the many.答案（26-30）26.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27.A thrived mainly on university libraries.28.D Encouraged.29.A allow publishers some room to make money.30.D The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are lessthan40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feelgood but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will [A] help little to rece gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the Califormia measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C] It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate [A] the harm from arbitrary board decision. [B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to [A] the underestimation of elite women's role[B] the objection to female participation on boards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women's need in employment should be considered.[B] Feasibility, should be a prime concern in policy making.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.答案（31-35）31.A help little to rece gender bias.32.C It may go against the Constitution.33.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.35.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.Text4 :Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a"GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple, Facebook and Amazon-in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax).Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance, law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union. Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach aconsensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to [A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax [A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that [A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work [A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to in involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy答案（36-40）36.C impose alevy on tech multinationals.37.A may trigger countermeasures against France.38.B the current international tax system needs upgrading39.C is faced with uncertain prospects.40.B France leads the charge on Digital TaxPart B Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fix actions are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated [F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor ring a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact: We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In althood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42. Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer ring a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond ring direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.44. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image. are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45. In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues "Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.答案（41-45）41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signal42.E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43.G Eye contact can also be aggressive44.A Eye fixactions are brief45.D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence ring the 14h century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17h century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored itellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) Before each of their revelations many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking.including the geo-centric view that the Earth was a the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory ring a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress. this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe ring most of 17h century. (49) As many took on the ty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17h and I8h centuries were times of radical change and curiosity, Scientific method,rectionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase' sapere aude' or dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay" An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?".It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.答案（46-50）46.随着教会的教义和思维方式在文艺复兴时期黯然失色，中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合，从而出现了新的及尚未开发的知识领域。47.在每个真理揭示之前，当时的许多思想家都采用了更古老的思维方式，仍旧沿用以前的思维模式，其中包括认为地球是宇宙中心的地球中心说。48.尽管教会试图镇压这-代逻辑学家和理性主义者，但人们对宇宙如何运转的解释却越来越多，并且以-种不容忽视的速度在增加。49.当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时，文艺复兴时代已经结束，并且开启了一个新的时代。50.此类寻求知识和了解已知信息的行为被拉丁语概括为：“sapere aude"即"敢于求知”作文Section ll WritingPart A51. Directions:The students union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest. White a notice in about 100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice. (10 points)小作文：通知留学生唱歌比赛 【参考范文】NoticeDec.21, 2019In order to enrich the campus life and provide the colorful life for you, the Students' Union is preparing the upcoming singing contest, which will be held in the auditorium in our university on the evening of December 31, 2019. Now, the Union is recruiting contestants for this competition.Anyone who are fond of signing or interested in the competition, please send his or her application to students’union@sohu.com before next Wednesday. Besides, there are generous awards in gratitude for this activity. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any queries concerning the singing contest. Meanwhile, volunteers for this activity are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs.We are looking forward to your participation.The Students' UnionPart B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below, In your essay, you should1) Describe the picture briefly,2) Interpret the implied meaning, and3) Give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)大作文：习惯良好的时间管理习惯 【参考范文】Portrayed distinctively by the two cartoons above is an impressive scene: a girl in the left picture is doing homework and saying that early completion is better. Nevertheless, the boy in the right picture is sitting in front of the desk and saying that he will not finish the homework until the last minute.Undoubtedly, the symbolic implication of the pictures is to show us that importance should be attached to the formation of good habits, especially the good habit of time management. On the one hand, efficient time management is critical to personal development. As the old saying goes,“Time is money," and in the fast-paced modern life, it seems that we always have a lot of things to do and we are very busy. In the face of such a situation, we have to realize that efficiency holdsthe key to saving time and time management skills hold the key to personal success. On the other hand, good time management habits play a vital role in the development of the whole society. There is no doubt that, to a large extent, social progress is closely related to the efforts of each indivial. If we can develop the good habit of time management, we are much more likely to improve efficiency and have a better performance in the learning and working process, which is anintegral part of social advances and prosperity.From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that the sense of efficient time management skills is of equal importance in personal and social progress.Therefore,we ought to take advantage of the phenomenon to enlighten the public and the press is expected to take a lead in advertising the value of developing good time management habits. Only in this way can we have a bright future.以上便是整理的2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案，2021考研的小伙伴可以参考真题，准备明年12月的考研初试。下面分享一份公共课书单，希望对大家有用：【英语书单】单词：闪过英语《考研词汇闪过》按重要程度划分了频考词、基础词、偶考词、超纲词，划重点，后期冲刺只背高频词和基础词，省时间。真题：《考研真相》（英语二：考研圣经）：一词一句讲解真题，重点词汇和每个句子都有详细讲解，不怕你看不懂，还有排除干扰项的方法，帮助提高答对率，适合基础弱的人。作文：英语一《写作160篇》/英语二《写作宝中宝》：通过词句段篇先教你学会写作文，再用三步作文法帮你拔高，专门针对基础薄弱的。【数学书单】《张宇真题大全解》：从94年到现在的真题都包括了，讲解很好，帮助研究数学题型。李永乐王式安660题：用这本书练习做题，都是经典题型！同济六版/七版《高等数学》上、下同济五版/六版《线性代数》课本：《线性代数》、《概率论》、《数理统计》【政治书单】官方红宝书（政治大纲解析）；风中劲草（三本书）、肖秀荣系列：精讲精练、1000题、讲真题、形势与政策、冲刺八套卷、最后四套卷；蒋中挺冲刺5套卷；启航20天20题

2021考研英语初试已经于12月26日下午14点到17点结束，文都考研考后为大家整理了2021考研英语初试真题及答案解析，方便考研人在考研结束之后核对估分以及2022考研人了解考情，下面一起来看下2021考研英语一真题及答案解析完整版。2021考研英语一真题及答案解析（完整版）以上就是“2021考研英语一真题及答案解析(完整版)”的相关内容，文都考研会在考后带来更多2021考研初试真题及答案解析，考研人持续关注。

点击蓝色字体关注“艺术考研情报局”其他答案其他艺术类专业真题解析，正在更新中……