考研英语题型2017

[A] The first published sketch, "A Dinner at Poplar Walk" brought tears to Dickens's eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine. From then on his sketches, which appeared under the pen name "Boz" in The Evening Chronicle, earned him a modest reputation.狄更斯发现他的第一部随笔，《白杨庄晚宴》，在每月杂志上刊登的时候，使他热泪盈眶。从那以后他就用笔名博兹发表随笔，刊登在《夜晚记事》上，让他小有名气。sketch文学速写，随笔chronicle编年史modest轻微的，不太多的bring tears to sb’s eyes使某人落泪from then on从那时开始[B] The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers, as it is generally known today, secured Dickens's fame. There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars, and the plump, spectacled hero, Samuel Pickwick, became a national figure.《匹克威克外传》的巨大成功，为狄更斯赢得了名声。有匹克威克大衣和匹克威克雪茄，并且那个胖胖的，戴着眼镜的男主人公，塞缪尔匹克威克成为了一个享誉全国的人物。runaway success巨大的成功spectacled戴眼镜的plump胖胖的secure保证hero男主人公[C] Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared, a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the then-famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated the idea for the story. With characteristic confidence, Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour's pictures illustrate his own story instead. After the first installment, Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a drawing Dickens felt, was not faithful enough to his prose. Seymour made the change, went into his backyard, and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide. Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist. The comic novel, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, appeared serially in 1836 and 1837 and was first published in book form in 1837.《博兹札记》出版后不久，一家出版公司接触狄更斯想让他以每月连载的方式写一个故事，作为当时著名艺术家西摩的木刻画的背景，他最初构想的这个故事。带着特意的自信，狄更斯坚称西摩的版画是为他自己的故事配图。在第一期连载之后，狄更斯给这位艺术家写信让他更改绘画，因为他觉得版画与他的故事不符。西摩做了更改，回到后院，用自杀的方式表达自己的不满。狄更斯和出版商直接换了一个新的艺术家继续工作，这部喜剧小说，《匹克威克俱乐部遗稿》，在1836到1837年以连载的方式出现，并且于1837年首次出版成书。installment分期连载的部分backdrop背景originate初始characteristic独特的，特有的illustrate给…插图做说明prose散文posthumous死后发生的，死后出版的approach…to向…接洽be faithful to sth忠实于press on坚定地继续工作[D] Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and, to many people, the greatest English novelist of the 19th century. A moralist, satirist, and social reformer, Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society.对于很多人来说，查尔斯狄更斯可能是19世纪最有名最伟大的英国小说家，他是一个道德家，一个讽刺作家，和一个社会改革者。狄更斯精心制作的复杂的故事情节和突出的人物描绘了了英语社会的全景。moralist卫道士satirist讽刺作家craft精心制作plot情节striking吸引人的capture用文章准确表达描述panorama全景，全貌[E]Soon after his father's release from prison, Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices. He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament. At the same time, Dickens, who had a reporter's eye for transcribing the life around him, especially anything comic or odd, submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.他父亲从监狱出来后不久，狄更斯获得一个不错的工作——在律师事务所当跑腿，他自学速记，获得了一个更好的工作——在议会当记者和在法庭当速记员，在此时间，狄更斯用记者的眼光记录他身边的生活，尤其是有趣的古怪的事情，投了一些短篇初稿给那些不太出名的杂志。shorthand速记stenographer速记员obscure无名的，模糊的teach oneself自学submit…to…提交[F] Dickens was born in Portsmouth, on England's southern coast. His father was a clerk in the British Navy Pay office -- a respectable position, but with little social status. His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper, possessed even less status, having been servants, and Dickenslaterconcealedtheirbackground.Dicken's mother supposedly came from a more respectable family. Yet two years before Dicken's birth, his mother's father was caught stealing and fled to Europe, never to return. The family's increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren's Blacking Warehouse, a shoe-polish factory, where the other working boys mocked him as "the young gentleman." His father was then imprisoned for debt. The humiliations of his father's imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dickens's greatest wound and became his deepest secret.He could not confide them even to his wife, although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.狄更斯出生于朴茨茅斯，英国南海岸。他的父亲是一个英国海军出纳室的职员，一个体面的职位，但是没有社会地位，他的爷爷和奶奶，一个是男管家一个是女管家，更没有什么社会地位，都是仆人，狄更斯后来隐藏了他们的身份背景。狄更斯的母亲据说来自一个体面的家庭，然而两年后，狄更斯出生之前，他的母亲的爸爸因为偷盗被抓而逃往欧洲，再也没有回来。家庭的日益贫困使狄更斯12岁辍学在华伦黑鞋油工厂工作，这家鞋油工厂的孩子们嘲笑他是“年轻的绅士”，他的父亲由于债务问题之后被关进监狱，他父亲入狱的耻辱和他在黑鞋油厂的当劳工的痛苦成为他此生最大的伤害也是内心最深处的秘密。他甚至都不对妻子吐露这个秘密，尽管这些经历为他的小说提供了潜在的基础。paternal父亲一方的steward男管家housekeeper女管家blacking黑鞋油imprison关押，监禁humiliation耻辱confide吐露（秘密），倾诉unacknowledged未被承认的pay office 出纳室shoe-polish鞋油be caught doing sth被抓到正在做某事[G] After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker world. In Oliver Twist, he traces an orphan's progress from the workhouse to the criminal slums of London. Nicholas Nickleby, his next novel, combines the darkness of Oliver Twist with the sunlight of Pickwick. The popularity of these novels consolidated Dickens' as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.在匹克威克外传之后，狄更斯投入到了一个更灰暗的世界，《雾都孤儿》，他追踪了一个孤儿从济贫院到伦敦犯罪贫民窟的历程，《尼古拉斯尼克贝》，融合了雾都孤儿的黑暗和匹克威克的阳光，这些享誉盛名的小说奠定了狄更斯作为国内和国际著名作家的地位。belak阴郁的，凄凉的orphan孤儿workhouse救济院slum贫民窟consolidate巩固，加强combine A with B将A和B结合起来consolidate sb as巩固某人作为…的地位man of letters文人，作家做法：1.通读全文，确定本文是传记，传记就按照时间顺序排列2.从给的已知段落，寻找上下文，使逻辑衔接3.通读检验正确语序：DFEACBG

2020考研英语一真题及答案【完整版】！【完形】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案（1-20）1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up【阅读】Section III Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for Zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. "A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a "town of culture" award could [A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as [A] a sensible compromise.[B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-cotching bonus.[D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it [A] endeavours to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present [A] a contrasting case.[B] a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D] a related topic.25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical[B] Objective[C] Favourable[D] Critical答案（21-25）21.D focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.B a self-deceiving attempt.23.D commits to its long-term growth.24.B a supporting example.25.C Favourable.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money, Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the proction of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing instry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers proced in the world, made profits of more than f 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than f 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every pay walled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms; either freely available from the moment of publication,or pay walled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their proct free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around500 to $5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these "article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because [A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.!27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have [A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing instry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? [A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned.[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms [A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] rece the cost of publication substantially.[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D] The few feed on the many.答案（26-30）26.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27.A thrived mainly on university libraries.28.D Encouraged.29.A allow publishers some room to make money.30.D The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are lessthan40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feelgood but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will [A] help little to rece gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the Califormia measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C] It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate [A] the harm from arbitrary board decision. [B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to [A] the underestimation of elite women's role[B] the objection to female participation on boards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women's need in employment should be considered.[B] Feasibility, should be a prime concern in policy making.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.答案（31-35）31.A help little to rece gender bias.32.C It may go against the Constitution.33.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.35.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.Text4 :Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a"GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple, Facebook and Amazon-in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax).Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance, law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union. Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach aconsensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to [A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax [A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that [A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work [A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to in involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy答案（36-40）36.C impose alevy on tech multinationals.37.A may trigger countermeasures against France.38.B the current international tax system needs upgrading39.C is faced with uncertain prospects.40.B France leads the charge on Digital TaxPart B Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fix actions are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated [F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor ring a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact: We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In althood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42. Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer ring a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond ring direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.44. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image. are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45. In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues "Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.答案（41-45）41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signal42.E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43.G Eye contact can also be aggressive44.A Eye fixactions are brief45.D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence ring the 14h century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17h century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored itellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) Before each of their revelations many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking.including the geo-centric view that the Earth was a the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory ring a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress. this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe ring most of 17h century. (49) As many took on the ty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17h and I8h centuries were times of radical change and curiosity, Scientific method,rectionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase' sapere aude' or dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay" An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?".It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.答案（46-50）46.随着教会的教义和思维方式在文艺复兴时期黯然失色，中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合，从而出现了新的及尚未开发的知识领域。47.在每个真理揭示之前，当时的许多思想家都采用了更古老的思维方式，仍旧沿用以前的思维模式，其中包括认为地球是宇宙中心的地球中心说。48.尽管教会试图镇压这-代逻辑学家和理性主义者，但人们对宇宙如何运转的解释却越来越多，并且以-种不容忽视的速度在增加。49.当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时，文艺复兴时代已经结束，并且开启了一个新的时代。50.此类寻求知识和了解已知信息的行为被拉丁语概括为：“sapere aude"即"敢于求知”作文Section ll WritingPart A51. Directions:The students union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest. White a notice in about 100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice. (10 points)小作文：通知留学生唱歌比赛 【参考范文】NoticeDec.21, 2019In order to enrich the campus life and provide the colorful life for you, the Students' Union is preparing the upcoming singing contest, which will be held in the auditorium in our university on the evening of December 31, 2019. Now, the Union is recruiting contestants for this competition.Anyone who are fond of signing or interested in the competition, please send his or her application to students’union@sohu.com before next Wednesday. Besides, there are generous awards in gratitude for this activity. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any queries concerning the singing contest. Meanwhile, volunteers for this activity are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs.We are looking forward to your participation.The Students' UnionPart B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below, In your essay, you should1) Describe the picture briefly,2) Interpret the implied meaning, and3) Give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)大作文：习惯良好的时间管理习惯 【参考范文】Portrayed distinctively by the two cartoons above is an impressive scene: a girl in the left picture is doing homework and saying that early completion is better. Nevertheless, the boy in the right picture is sitting in front of the desk and saying that he will not finish the homework until the last minute.Undoubtedly, the symbolic implication of the pictures is to show us that importance should be attached to the formation of good habits, especially the good habit of time management. On the one hand, efficient time management is critical to personal development. As the old saying goes,“Time is money," and in the fast-paced modern life, it seems that we always have a lot of things to do and we are very busy. In the face of such a situation, we have to realize that efficiency holdsthe key to saving time and time management skills hold the key to personal success. On the other hand, good time management habits play a vital role in the development of the whole society. There is no doubt that, to a large extent, social progress is closely related to the efforts of each indivial. If we can develop the good habit of time management, we are much more likely to improve efficiency and have a better performance in the learning and working process, which is anintegral part of social advances and prosperity.From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that the sense of efficient time management skills is of equal importance in personal and social progress.Therefore,we ought to take advantage of the phenomenon to enlighten the public and the press is expected to take a lead in advertising the value of developing good time management habits. Only in this way can we have a bright future.以上便是整理的2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案，2021考研的小伙伴可以参考真题，准备明年12月的考研初试。下面分享一份公共课书单，希望对大家有用：【英语书单】单词：闪过英语《考研词汇闪过》按重要程度划分了频考词、基础词、偶考词、超纲词，划重点，后期冲刺只背高频词和基础词，省时间。真题：《考研真相》（英语二：考研圣经）：一词一句讲解真题，重点词汇和每个句子都有详细讲解，不怕你看不懂，还有排除干扰项的方法，帮助提高答对率，适合基础弱的人。作文：英语一《写作160篇》/英语二《写作宝中宝》：通过词句段篇先教你学会写作文，再用三步作文法帮你拔高，专门针对基础薄弱的。【数学书单】《张宇真题大全解》：从94年到现在的真题都包括了，讲解很好，帮助研究数学题型。李永乐王式安660题：用这本书练习做题，都是经典题型！同济六版/七版《高等数学》上、下同济五版/六版《线性代数》课本：《线性代数》、《概率论》、《数理统计》【政治书单】官方红宝书（政治大纲解析）；风中劲草（三本书）、肖秀荣系列：精讲精练、1000题、讲真题、形势与政策、冲刺八套卷、最后四套卷；蒋中挺冲刺5套卷；启航20天20题

9月下旬，当大家都沉浸在“无心学习，只想给祖国母亲的70岁庆生”的喜悦中时，高教社悄咪咪地发布了全国硕士研究生相关科目的考试分析。提到高教社，不少同学还是懵懵的，总是搞不清它到底是个什么神奇机构，所以，在进入今天的正题之前，小编先给大家普及一下何为高教社。高教社成立于1954年，是教育部主管、主办的以出版高等教育、职业教育、成人与社会教育等各级各类教育教学用书为主的大型、综合性出版社。和20考研、21考研最直接相关的就是高教社每年都会出版的考研大纲以及解析。高教社是官方的出版社，所以其公布的数据就是最官方的数据！对于考试分析，同学们有没有必要像考研大纲那样人手一本呢？其实小编个人觉得，了解一下具体数据即可，知道有这么一回事，然后继续投入复习中。 这次高教社发布的考试分析中，与我们医学考研息息相关的就是英语一了。2019考研英语一共抽取了32多万名考生进行统计分析，试卷总体难度结果如下（难度系数越大，题目越容易）图片来源：高教社英语考试分析书2019年考研英语一平均分48.59分，难度0.486，对比2017年、2018年平均分有所降低，难度较2017年升高，与2018年持平。2019年英语一试卷各部分试题难度比较如下图片来源：高教社英语考试分析书“英语知识运用”指的是“完形填空”。“阅读理解A节”指的就是我们常说的阅读理解四篇文章，每篇文章后面有5道选择题。“阅读理解B节”指的是我们常说的新题型。“阅读理解C节”指的是我们常说的翻译“写作A节”指的是小作文“写作B节”指的是大作文综合各题型来看，英语一的难度比较稳定，并未出现较大的波动。所以20考研的同学维持目前的英语复习状态即可，按照自己的节奏，背诵长难句、复习重点词汇、背诵英语作文，一步一步完成自己的复习计划，不用太过于担心。 随着距离初试越来越近了，同学们现在的心情想必也是十分紧张或疲乏，今天是正式报名的第一天，担心已经有同学还没有上战场就心生退意了。但是，并非困难使我们放弃，而是因为我们放弃，才显得如此困难。千万不要让本来努力就可以得到的东西，因为懈怠而失去了机会，觉得坚持不了的时候，请看看身边的研友，大家都在前进，你也可以。来源：医学生考研（ID：medpass）

Text 4In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari Automobile from a company seeking access to government.在一个少见的全体一致的裁决中，美国最高法院推翻了前项对前弗吉尼亚州长罗伯特麦克唐纳的贪腐判决，但是最高法院对他的行为也掩鼻不屑，麦克唐纳接受从一家公司馈赠的包括劳力士手表、法拉利汽车等，已获得和政府接触的机会。The high court’s decision saidthe judge in Mr. McDonnell’s trialfailed to tell a jury that it must look only at his “official acts,” or the former governor’s decisions on “specific” and “unsettled” issues related to his ties.最高院的决定表明麦克审判的法官没有告知陪审团必须只考虑他的“公务行为”，或者麦克的决定在特殊和未解决的问题上必须与公务相关。Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, thejusticesfound.仅仅帮助一个送礼者给他们接触其他官员的机会，除非对那些官员有明确的意图以此施加压力，否则那不成为腐败。最高法官如是裁决。The court did suggest that accepting favorsin return for opening doors is “distasteful” and “nasty.” But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an “official act.”法院明确表示接受馈赠从而为其打开方便之门的确令人反感和恶心，但是在根据反贿赂法，证据证明必须得有确凿的利益，比如批准一个合同或规定，才构成受贿。仅仅安排会面，打个电话，主持一项活动不能算公务行为。The court’s rulingis legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution of bribery. “The basic compactunderlying representative government,” wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court, “assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns.”法庭的裁决在法律上合理的界定一种非犯罪的偏好，民选领袖必须允许帮助资助者解决官僚作风的问题，不用担心面临贿赂的指控，首席大法官JR说，代议制政府之下的基本契约是公共官员能够听从选民关切的事情并出谋划策。But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed toplay favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an indivial or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity requires well-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leader’s source of wealth.但是判决强调市民和选民代表的要求，而不是法院的要求，确保对政府通道的平等性。官员不能因为个人或组织提供了竞选资金或个人馈赠就厚此薄彼，提供信息、安排见面等，这种形式的诚信需要政府严格执行透明政策，比如官方会议录音，游说规定，和民选领袖财富来源信息。Favoritism in official access canfan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society – that all are equal in treatment by government- is undermined. Good government rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each indivial.偏袒会煽动民众对腐败的理解，但是它不是总是腐败，相反，公务员需要避免“双标”，即对普通人和富人采取不同的标准，如果关系可以买来，民主社会的前提——所有人都被政府平等对待——就被破坏了。好的政府依赖于一个个个体的内在价值。The court’s ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.法院裁决是对腐败和公务偏袒斗争的一个进步。36. The underlined sentence(Para.1) most probably shows that the court划线句子表明法院[A] avoided defining the extent of McDonnell’s ties.避免给麦克的职责定范围[B] made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.在麦克的定罪上没有妥协[C] was contemptuousof McDonnell’s conct.对麦克的行径表示蔑视[D] refused to comment on McDonnell’s ethics.拒绝对麦克的行径评论37. According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves根据第四段 ，公务行为只有涉及（）才被认为腐败[A] concrete returns for gift-givers.提供具体的汇报给送礼者[B] sizable gains in the form of gifts.可观的礼物收益 [C] leaking secrets intentionally.主动泄露秘密 [D] breaking contracts officially.公务上的违约 38. The court’s ruling is based on the assumption that public officials are法院裁决基于公务人员的（）假设[A] allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.允许把重点放在支持者关心的事情上[B] qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.有能力独自解决政府事情[C] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.有正当理由满足选民的要求[D]exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.对于偏袒的指控免除定罪 39. Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to在政府透明度方面，需要强有力的法律来保证[A] awaken the conscienceof officials.唤醒公务人民的道德心 [B] guarantee fair play in official access.保证官方接待的公平 [C] allow for certain kinds of lobbying.允许某种程度的游说 [D] inspire hopes in average people.激发普通人的希望 40. The author’s attitude toward the court’s ruling is作者对法院裁决的态度是[A] sarcastic.讽刺[B] tolerant.容忍 [C] skeptical.怀疑 [D] supportive.支持答案：CCCBD

2019年考研已经走到复试的白热化阶段，距离2020年考研初试的时间只剩9个月的时间，2020年考研的同学们现在就应该有所行动了，今天小编就和大家聊聊考研英语应当怎样复习。考研英语更侧重阅读能力、对阅读能力要求比较高，文章中的生词、难词较多，句型结构复杂，长难句多，乍一开始接触会很不适应。各位考生如果要想在考研英语取得高分，那么就需要坚持不懈的努力和正确的学习方法。现在已经是三月底了，英语不好的朋友一定要早点复习，尽早拿下英语！现在—4月底：考研英语更侧重考察同学们的读和写的能力，也就是一个理解，一个书面表达。同学们，无论你们的英语基础功底如何，所以在这个时间段汇总，小编建议大家好好背单词，单词是阅读的基础，如果从现在开始记单词的话，到四月底应该至少能记忆三遍以上。长难句就可以在记完一两遍单词之后就开始准备了。但是有些单词复习了好几遍，转头还是忘了，有些看着熟悉，但就是想不起来什么意思，有些知道意思，可一放到句子里照样看不懂，有些词根认识，单词却不认识！到底该怎么办?!背单词绝对没有捷径的，唯一的办法就是多看！把记不住的单词都抄在本子上，走路看、坐车看、没事干的时候就看单词！就不信不能把5500个单词背会！5月：考研英语阅读一共5篇，共50分，可谓占据的半壁江山。我们复习的重中之重在阅读，所以从4月开始，最好是每天研读一篇原汁原味的英语真题阅读。　首先将不熟的单词整理出来，然后再次通读全文，把任何读不懂的句子都单独拉出来，利用长难句学到的方法，力求所有的句子都能看明白，经典的句子最好能背下来，培养自己的语感。这时候每天做两篇就行，但是这两篇一定是把每一个句子每一个单词都能弄懂，这样才能起到想要的效果。在研读的时候一定要弄清整篇文章的结构安排，逻辑结构，每段中心句表达的含义。看答案讲解的时候一定要弄懂作者的态度和感情色彩，是支持还是反对？考研中会有非常多的态度题，所以一定要尽可能多的读懂细节，遇到不熟的单词或表达要用词典查找，记录在本子上。刚开始可能比较困难，坚持过一个月就会找到一些感觉，半年以上后你再拿到考研阅读会轻松很多。6月：精读1998年到2009年的阅读材料，在这一过程中，做题不是目的，对错不必在意，而是通过这种方式，加深对于单词，常考用法的掌握，练习自己解析长难句的能力。单词重点在于掌握高频单词和高频短语用法。句子的掌握重点在于解析出句子的主干结构。7月：完成最新几年的真题阅读，也就是2010—2017真题，重点在于了解题型特征和命题点位置，利用语境方式，盘活孤立单词，加强语法练习，主要就是了解一些方法的学习，学习各大题型的一些解题方法。8月：继续研究真题，研究历年真题的试卷结构、题型设置、题量大小、分值分布、难易程度、考查的侧重点（是注重基础知识、应用能力还是深度发挥)，是否存在偏、难、怪现象等。解读这些“潜台词”，有助于我们更好地把握出题规律，找准考研的“命脉”，真题一定要嚼碎嚼烂。9月：总结一些真题的规律、错题、常见的套路等，根据历年考研英语试卷规律，考研中密集考查的语法固定的有6种：定语从句、状语从句、定语后置、插入语、分词结构和并列句。这6种语法表面上看很是简单，其实不然，大家需要把这6个问题深入研究，吃透了才行。考研考生们应该结合语句进行训练，在训练中深度掌握语法规律，这对于翻译阅读中的长难句很有帮助。10月：开始每天练习一篇作文，大小作文交替练习，作文不要推到最后才开始，你根本就没有这么多的时间来背作文。作文在考研试题中占比很大，也是我们现阶段的复习重点，但是很多同学在作文的复习中依然存在很多困难，所以一定要提前准备，给不同题型的作文都分分类，然后背几篇、记住、记牢了！背只是基础，背诵模板只是作文备考第一步，如何仿写以及在思维、语言层面进行突破才是复习考研英语写作的得高分的关键之举！11月：开始练习18、19年的英语真题，同时开始准备完型、翻译、新题型，经过大半年的学习，只要阅读底子上来了，这些题型对大家来说都不在话下了。这个阶段要将前面的真题进行一次重新的整理分析，查缺补漏。坚持每天写作训练，背诵范文、片段。12月：这个时候就不要写新的题了，赶紧把错的题再看看、没有记牢的单词记住，最后希望大家规划好时间，每天至少拿出三个小时的时间复习英语，零散的时间用来继续背单词，考前吃的清淡点，稍微运动下，保持良好的心态和健康的身体，游刃有余的应付英语考试，祝大家金榜题名！

复习不谨慎，考生两行泪！考研英语那些不为人知的“陷阱”！今天小编继续和大家讨论考研英语的复习~有句俗话说得好，经验千万条，慎重第一条，复习不谨慎，考生两行泪。无论英语一还是英语二，在复习中，存在一些深而又深的大坑，无数的考生前赴后继地跌入其中，年复一年。而这都是因为这些同学面对一些前人的学习经验不够慎重，选择了照搬照抄，丝毫不愿意切合自己的情况作出改变而导致的，今天小编就为大家数一数这些“天坑”。1. 按照考试频率背单词？NO!考试大纲一共罗列了5500个单词，对于大多数考生而言还是较多了一些。于是很多同学就学会了按照某个词在十年来真题中出现的频率来背诵，以为这样就能够分清主次。随着有这种想法的考生越来越多，市面上也出现了按照考频排列的考研单词书。但这样其实是不够科学的，小编这么说，是因为这种方法不够效率。没错，这样其实是不够效率的。因为对于相当一部分考生来说，这5500个单词中自己可能已经掌握了两到三千个，具体的说，考过四级的考生在3500左右，六级考生则有4000个左右。而且，我们所掌握的单词恰好就是那些考研的高频词汇！换句话说，如果按频率从高到低进行背诵的话，反而是先复习熟词再学习生词了！这样当然是不够科学的。小编的建议是，先背生词，因为在复习初期，精力比较旺盛，更容易记住那些困扰你许久的长单词。2. 四六级高分=考研英语高分？NO!容易在这个问题上失足落水的同学往往不是那些基础差的同学，原因无他，那些同学通过四级也很困难，所以对考研英语往往不会抱有太高的期待。而四六级拿到高分的同学，往往会轻视考研英语，自觉英语水平不错。70分自然是手到擒来。殊不知，这些同学大多错得离谱。根源原因在于：四六级和考研，做题技巧不一样！四六级的考试深度是要比考研低级一点的，最典型的在于阅读理解。四六级还在使用关键词锁定题干句的方法，然后对比选项即可得到答案。但是这种方法在考研英语中往往行不通，因为命题人刻意地在选项中设置了反套路！而且，考研的阅读中作者态度往往比较“暧昧”，经常会出现峰回路转的情况，这就为我们做作者态度判断的题目造成了困难。最典型的是2017年考研英语一中乔治·奥斯本的那篇文章，不看到最后，你都不明白作者是反对他的！所以，四六级高分的同学，不要掉以轻心，还是从头学起，打牢基础吧！3. 阅读理解是光是电是唯一的神话？NO!我们一般说起阅读理解，不仅包括四篇阅读，还包括后面的新题型阅读，两者合在一起总共有五十分的分值，正好占据了考研英语的50％，无怪考生们都只盯着阅读了。但是，写作也同样重要！尽管大小作文加起来只有三十分，但是这三十分的难度可比阅读理解要小一些！阅读理解对考生能力的考察是多方面的，尤其是英语一，无论你把考纲的单词背的多熟，也一定会有5％的超纲生词让你头疼不已。很多时候即使是英语高分的考生，其阅读失分往往也在六分以上。而写作则不同，如果你下足功夫，丢掉的分数是可以控制在一个可观的范围之内的。因此，最好早点开始准备大小作文，先从背诵开始，中后期多写多练，相信会看到成果的！说了这么多，还是建议大家可以多和自己的身边同样备考研究生的同学多交流，寻找到适合自己的复习模式。小编也会在之后的时间里继续为大家带来关于这门考试的讨论。最后还是祝愿大家笔下有神仙相助，能够顺利地走进自己魂牵梦萦的学府！

小编是Claire，本科就读于山东某双非大学国际经济与贸易专业，从大三下学期开始备考研究生考试，目前已获得对外经贸大学国际商务专业硕士拟录取，其中初试成绩、复试成绩和总成绩均为专业第一名。今天和大家分享的是英语一备考规划。先说一下自己英语的情况。因为一直对美剧电影非常感兴趣，所以从高中一直很喜欢学英语。四级626，六级602，几乎裸考。但是四六级分高也不意味着考研可以高枕无忧，分低也不意味着就没有翻身的机会了。毕竟出题思路和难度都存在差异，而我们学习是为了应试，所以科学规划加上恒心和毅力，英语75+应该是不难做到的。下面是自己的备考过程，大家可以酌情参考。第一阶段：2017年暑假之前目标：夯实基础。在这一阶段真题适当做1-2套熟悉试卷结构即可，不要急于做真题。按照单词、语法分类学习。这一阶段用来打好英语基础、提高英语能力，不要过分关注应试技巧。用书：①星火英语考研词汇②考研阅读理解1997-2007真题③张剑黄皮150篇学习内容：①星火英语共15个单元，第一遍两周记一个单元，每个周末给自己做检测，盖住汉语写出英语；②每周背诵2篇阅读理解文章。背的时候先通读，把不认识的单词先查好，标注意思和读音。我大概每天会拿出1-2个小时背诵文章，周末也要进行检测，将背诵的文章默写下来，生词自然就背下来了。个人觉得背诵是学习语言最有效的方式，在情境中记忆单词，背下来的单词在写作的时候是真的能用得上的。③找出阅读理解真题中的长难句进行翻译。一般辅导书上都会有全文翻译或者长难句解析，拿到长难句一定要先自己翻，具体标准参照英语一对于翻译题的要求，然后再进行校对，并且把里面的生词和语法弄明白。如果觉得语法有困难可以适当地看一下语法书，语法还是应该重视起来，尤其写作中，罗列了10个高级词的错误句也比不上一个正确的简单句。④张剑黄皮书每天做一篇。这个时候不要在乎正确率，不要把时间浪费在数错题上面。因为考研英语的文章基本上来自于外刊，涉及的题材也比较广泛，包括经济学、政治、医疗、法律等。做张剑的目的是增加阅读量，习惯英语写作的逻辑思维以及初步熟悉各种题材的文章。一开始无论多么难一定要硬着头皮读下去，先有量变才有质变，后期读文章才会比较顺畅。第二阶段：2017年暑假目标：开始刷真题，按照阅读、完型、新题型、翻译、写作进行分类学习。熟悉题型，寻找规律，形成自己的做题方法。用书：①1997-2015真题②其他模拟题（阅读）③《王江涛范文》学习内容：①阅读：从97年开始做，每周大约做2年的真题。经过之前的训练，到暑假开始的时候我大概读一篇文章不会超过十分钟，并且在理解文章上不会有问题。这个阶段要解决的就是为什么文章能读懂题还是做不对。所以在做题的时候要格外重视对于错题的研究。我这个时候就发现考研出题基本是对应段落，因此改掉了之前先通读文章再把题一气儿做完的习惯，改为先读题目，再带着问题去一段一段读文章，读到问题相关的段落时选定答案。那么除了做题顺序，我还发现自己经常因为主观臆断做错题。也就是说做题的时候要抛弃掉你原有的知识，一切以文章为准（这一点在后来考雅思做阅读True/Falset given题型的时候感触更深）。这样经过分析错题找到自己的症结所在，并且后面做题的时候有意识地进行训练，两个月下来之后阅读题就几乎不会做错了。②完形、新题型、翻译：这三个题型也是根据自己的进度安排刷题。刷的时候自己准备了一个笔记本，将题目里出现的生词、同义替换词、反义词、易混词、固定搭配进行分类整理。新题型，难度飘忽不定，比如今年我遇到的排序题就出自白宫网站原文，这道题与其说是考英语，不如说是在考逻辑。在英语学习过程中一定要注意体会英文写作的内在逻辑，这一点对所有题型都很重要。关于翻译就是要学会先拆再合。也就是先找出句子里哪些是主干，哪些是修饰成分，然后再按照汉语的习惯将句子表达出来。这时候就很考验前期的语法和单词功底了。③写作：写作前期要做的就是精析范文。比如小作文你要了解都有哪些类型，各种类型的格式，如何分段等等。大作文当时自己选取了几篇打印出来，把字号和行间距设置的比较大，这样一句一句地看，第一步先把生词和固定搭配画出来，第二步就是把每个句子的作用写出来，比如每段第一句是点明主旨，第二段一般会从几个角度进行论证，那么这几个角度分别是什么都写出来。这样几篇下来，考研大作文写作的结构和套路也就很清晰了。这一步做完之后就是一定要自己动笔写。我是每周一篇大作文加一篇小作文，一直持续到考研之前。还是用真题来写，先自己写再去读范文，找出自己写的和范文的差距，首先看是否存在语法的错误，尤其是漫画题时态是否用对了。然后看范文的论证方法是不是比自己的更有说服力，角度更新颖。分析之后有精力的话可以接着背诵范文。第三阶段：9月1日到考研前目标：做英语套卷，控制做题时间，形成自己的做题方式。用书：①1997-2017真题②其他模拟题学习内容：我一进入九月份之后分配给英语的时间就少很多了，因为这时候已经开始了专业课的背诵和政治的学习。所以这个阶段除了开始成套做题之外，就是延续暑假的计划，做一个进一步的查缺补漏和加强积累吧。英语学习是一件天长地久的事业，哪怕其他学科再忙也要抽出一些时间每天充分利用暑假的笔记进行阅读和背诵，保持大脑对于英语的敏感度。到考前两周的时候每天限时做套卷，做完自己批改。这个时候也不要在意能得多少分了，目的就是保持手感。无论自己学到什么程度，考试那天唯一要做的就是拿出120分的自信上考场！以上就是我的考研英语经验分享，希望能对你有所帮助！

2019年12月21日下午17时，2020届考生结束了备受关注的英语学科考研，为过去一年甚或更久的辛苦“备战”画上了圆满的句号，着实令人振奋。众所周知，作文作为考研英语五大题型的核心题型之一，一直是考生备考的重点难点，也是议论的热点，那么笔者就以刚刚结束的考研英语一大作文为例，共同揭开大作文的“神秘面纱”，同时也为2021届考生的备考提供方向指南，以期有的放矢，斩获高分。2020考研英语一真题如下：Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below. In your essay, you should1) describe the picture briefly,2) interpret the implied meaning, and3) give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)写作分析1. 考题形式：图画作文图画作文在形式上延续过去十余年，范围上属于大纲明确范围，一直是英语一大作文考生备考的重点，具体而言，考查形式为双图题，虽然和2018，2019的不同，但考研的历史上，最早可以追溯到2003，近几年比如2016，2017出的也是双图题，因此就形式而言难度不大；2. 话题范围： 习惯，自律，时间管理，效率，防范拖延，行动等相关主题就话题范围而言，依然考的是历年真题考频最高的个人修养类，相关话题在历届考研真题中可以说屡见不鲜，如2008 “合作”；2012 “乐观”；2014“孝顺”，2017—“实践”等。同时，北京文都在考前押题班等多次课程中反复强调个人品质类为热点话题，需重点关注。话题内容并不生疏，难度偏易；3. 具体撰写：宏观角度---布局谋篇首段为图画描述段，可用两到三个长句子具体描述图画内容，注意双图题必须两幅图都要描述到位，不能有遗漏，但可以在具体写作时就其中某一幅图有所侧重；主体段为围绕主题的具体论述，可从意义分析或原因分析等多维角度进行论述；尾段为总结段，正面话题可从：总结上文、回应主题、提出希望三个方面作结。微观角度---遣词造句1）词汇、句法：考研英语作为英语阶段的高级测试，对词和句的要求要远远高于四六级等等级测试。从词汇角度来说，要注意少用或不用被历届学生用俗套的词，而多用一些熟词的生僻含义或“高大上”的词汇，于细微处彰显写作功底；从句法角度来说，句子结构的丰富多样性直接与得分正相关，因而要多运用句式解构复杂的句子，比如复合句（名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句）、特殊句型（倒装句、强调句、there be句型）、独立主格、非谓语动词等，以体现自己在句意表达上的优势所在。2）避免常见错误：具体用词上，注意基本语法错误，如名词单复数：动词的时态语态：被动语态的-ed形式，形近词混用等问题；构句上，英语与汉语不同，为形合语言，这就要求考生在写作时不仅要关注内容的契合，也要对前后句形式上的相合，也就是，如前后句语义关系密切，要有意识地使用关联词、分词等形式把二者紧密结合起来，以使行文鲜活生动，助力高分作文。

2019公共课，考研平均分以及难度系数公布了！这是教育部考试中心整理的官方数据，而且样本容量大、分析全面，因此具有很高的参考价值。难度系数如何计算如果90%的考生做对这道题，这道题的难度系数就是0.9，难度系数与难度成反比，即难度系数越小，难度越大。英语难度分析一、2019考研英语真题全国平均分 英语一 48.59分 难度系数0.486英语二 52.66分 难度系数0.527二、2019年考研英语难度分析 2019考研英语一抽取了326936名考生的试卷作统计分析，结果如下：从结果看，19考研英语一平均分与18年考研持平，试卷难度不变，标准差与信度也与前两年持平。但是阅读理解A节比18年要难，小作文比18年简单，大作文则更难，整体难度持平。这里我们可以看到考研试卷难度稳定，19年的试题质量很高，难度合理~这也说明考研公共课是很公平的，能够检测大家的真实水平，试题没有投机取巧的余地。英语二的统计数据包含262460位考生的成绩，结果如下：从以上表格可以看出，2017年-2019年英语二的试卷中，阅读理解部分和写作部分难度整体稳定，翻译部分难度较前两年略微提高，但是，A节要稍难于往年，B节比往年稍易。此外，今年英语增加的多事热点部分的词语，相信可能会围绕国际文化交流等出一些问题。数学难度分析2019考研数学真题全国平均分情况如下：数学一65.69 难度系数0.438 难度偏大数学二71.87 难度系数0.479 难度略大数学三76.80 难度系数0.512 难度适中这里将往年平均分一起作了一个对比，结果如下：对于数学来说，大小年的难度很明显：「奇数年较高，偶数年较低」。15年、17年、19年相对简单，16年、18年、20年则会相对难。大家也可发现，19考研数学一和18年持平，数学一二三难度有所分化。从往年数据来看，数学一和数学二在2020考研中难度会有所增大，但不必担心会难出天际，数学三难度应会略有提高，也不应变化太大，不必过于紧张。数学现在不论是二刷强化还是启动真题一刷，做错还是做对，都不要在意得了多少分，一定要将做过的题纳入自己的知识体系和思维结构，不断巩固和加强解题能力。记住：20考研数学是一场硬仗！，必须潜心钻研！政治难度分析首先声明：管理类联考是不考政治的。目前并没有公布平均分及难度系数，但2020政治考研大纲已经公布了，对比去年的考试大纲，只是做了微调。根据往年的数据，政治平均分基本在56~59分之间，人数最多的区间为60～70分。难度系数也是属于中度难度。政治往年的考试题型，16个单选，17个多选，五道分析题。从已发布的大纲来看政治题目也应当依旧稳定，选择题难度可以参考往年。不过，因为每年大题热点都不同的，具体还是要根据自身掌握程度，制定相关复习计划。公共课均分分析由以上列出的平均分以及以往的经验，我们可以简要分析一下各科公共课的特点：政治：政治的均分一般在65分左右，不管是985学校还是211学校，录取生中政治分数差别不大。因此建议大家65保底，往70+冲。当然如果专业是新闻等比较偏文科的专业，大家的政治水平都比较高，建议考到70+。英语：英语是一门你觉得大家都考65，但实际上别人个个70+的科目。因此如果你之前的目标是65的话，就请你再努努力了，65在211学校中属于一般水平，在985学校中甚至有些拖后腿了。数学：数学由于数一、数二、数三难度不同而有所差别；一般来说，985学校数学均分还是在120+的，对于211学校，数学均分也在100+的水平，看下自己有没有达到哦。需要注意的是，以上只是平均分，如果想在复试中有些竞争优势，这些分数可是不够的哦。总而言之，加油努力吧，分数越高越好!希望大家都能好好把握剩下的两个多月，争取一战成硕！