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试题研究:2020考研英语一翻译真题解析陈仲

试题研究:2020考研英语一翻译真题解析

长难句是考研英语中一大拦路虎,因此学会如何运用语法知识破解长难句也是同学们在基础语法学习的过程中的终极目标。本文以2020年英语一翻译真题为例讲解长难句破解,快来一起看看吧,希望能够帮助2021考研同学哦~一、With (the gap between) the church's teachings and ways of thinking being eclipsed by the Renaissance, the gap between the medieval and modern periods had been bridged, leading to new and unexplored intellectual territories.1、寻标志,断长句:断句标志“1)with(the gap between)...... by the renaissance,2)the gap between ......bridged,3)Leading to new......territories2、抓住干,识修饰主干:the gap had been bridged修饰:a. with ...... the Renaissance作伴随状语b. leading to new and ......territories作结果状语3、调语序,定句意1)译文:“随着教会的指导和思考方式的差异被文艺复兴变得黯然失色”解析:between...and “在...之间”,作后置定语修饰gap,翻译的时候翻译到gap前面,其余顺译2)译文:“中世纪和现代的差异被消除了”解析:整体主谓结构,between...and 在...之间,作后置定语修饰gap,翻译的时候翻译到gap前面,其余顺译3)译文:“导向崭新的和未经探索的知识领域”解析:lead to“导致”,顺译4、依逻辑,组整句:伴随状语顺译,结果状语顺译译文:随着教会的指导和思考方式的差异被文艺复兴变得黯然失色,中世纪和现代的差异被消除了,导向崭新的和未经探索的知识领域。二、Despite attempts by the Church to suppress this new generation of logicians and rationalists,more explorations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that people could no longer ignore.1、寻标志,断长句:断句标志1)despite attempts by the church to......rationalists2) more explorations for how the universe functioned were being made3) at a rate that people could no longer ignore2、抓住干,识修饰主干:more explorations were being made修饰:a. despite attempts......rationalists作让步状语b. at a rate ...... ignore作方式状语3、调语序,定句意1)译文:“尽管教堂做出许多尝试去压制新一代的逻辑学家和理性主义者”解析:by the church,介词短语作后置定语,翻译到名词前面; attempt to do sth.试图做某事,顺译2)译文:“但是更多对于宇宙是如何运作的探索正在进行”解析:整体主谓结构,顺译;for+how宾从,介词短语作后置定语修饰exploration,翻译到exploration前面3)译文:“以人们难以忽视的速度”解析:at a rate that 以......速度;that从句作定语从句修饰rate,翻译到rate前面4、依逻辑,组整句:让步状语顺译,方式状语翻译到所修饰的动作前面译文:尽管教堂做出许多尝试去压制新一代的逻辑学家和理性主义者,但是更多对于宇宙是如何运作的探索正在以人们难以忽视的速度进行着。

天放

考研英语一、英语二翻译及解析

英语一 翻译2019英语一翻译讲述医疗杂志文章质量下降这样一个现象,并分析了原因及危害,以及呼吁我们应该做什么。这和考研英语作文一样的结构——提出问题、分析问题、解决问题。我们来聊聊考察语言点的变化。首先,49题考查对虚拟语气的正确理解和翻译。这是英语一1997年以来首次考查复杂虚拟语气的翻译!这表明,不能因为历年真题没有考查过就认定不会考。考生需要掌握英语所有常见语法知识点,方可应对英译汉。其次,47题考查比较结构,这是历史上第一次考查带有倍数的比较结构,并且第二比较项中的"would have done"这种带推测的动词形式在翻译中几乎没有考查过,而且也不作为阅读理解的考点。所以考生并没有予以重视,预计得分率很低。然后是词汇方面。英译汉每年都考查大量的多义词、派生词和固定用法,今年也不例外。比如46题中的多义词"lay"、复合形容词"short-lived";49题中的多义词"associates"以及固定用法"in return for";还有,50题中的派生词"reprocible"和"incentivize"。以上都会给考场中紧张的考生造句困难。杨凡达老师预计今年的英译汉难度系数会在0.35-0.4之间,与去年持平或略简单。46)There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which, when taken up by broadcasters and the lay press, generates both health scares and short-lived dietary enthusiasms.参考译文:这些医学杂志中包含大量这种无稽之谈,如果广播电台和非专业媒体对此信以为真并加以报道,这将引发人们的健康恐慌以及短期的饮食热潮。难点1:"nonsense"。直接翻译成“废话”扣分,因为在这句中不是那层意思。原文前面说每周吃超过多少克的西兰花会导致年纪大了后更容易贫血。其实我们平常在新闻中看到类似的言论有很多。作者的意思是这些都是扯淡,没有严谨的科学依据。所以这里的"nonsense"译为“无稽之谈”要好一些。难点2:短语"take up"的意思是“接受并开始做/从事某事”。意思是这些广播电台听信了这样的说法就会如何如何。难点3:"the lay press"中的"lay"是难点,不是我们熟知的“放置、铺设”等的意思。"lay"在这里做形容词,表示“非专业的,外行的”,所以"layman"这个词表示“门外汉”。这里的"the lay press"指的是非专业媒体,大概就是那种野鸡媒体。难点4:"short-lived"可根据其本身和上下文来猜测其大概含义。"short"表示短,"lived"表示活着,所以"short-lived"大概意思是“短命的”,在这里引申为“短暂的,为期不长的”。47)nowadays anyone applying for a research post has to have published twice the number of papers that would otherwise have been required for the same post only 10 years ago.参考译文:现如今,任何一个申请研究岗位的人事先必须发表论文的数量,是10年前申请同一岗位所需论文数量的两倍。难点1:处理这句话中的比较结构。通读句子,我们大概得到的信息是“A是B的两倍”,只是如何把这句话翻的通顺是需要思考的。难点2:"would otherwise have been"是后半句的难点,"otherwise"字面意思是“否则”,但如果润色到位可以不用翻译出来。但"would have done"这种特殊的谓语形式,其实很多同学会觉得比较难。这个结构表示“合理推测”,在虚拟语气中经常出现,比如"I would have been a programmer but end up being an English teacher."(我本可以成为一名程序员,结果却当了英语老师)。在这句话中,用"would have been"表示如果是十年前,本可以怎么样怎样。48)Attempts have been made to curb this kind of tendency to incorporate some measure of quality as well as quantity into the assessment of an applicant's published papers.参考译文:人们已经尝试扭转这种趋势,比如除发表数量外,在评估申请人已发表论文时引入与质量挂钩的衡量标准。难点1:被动语态"have been made"如何处理。我在翻译课反复强调被动语态的处理方法,主要手段有将“被”字转译为其它汉子或将被动语态转为主动语态亦或者总体换一个说法。考生在考场上需要做的是用这几种方法去尝试,合理通顺即可。这一句的"Attempts have been made to …"可译为“人们已经尝试…”。难点2:"as well as"。很多人以为这是“而且”的意思,可以代替"and",但这只是它的其中一种用法。我记得我在某课中讲解过"as well as"的另一种用法——表示“除…之外还有…”,在句子中充当定语。在48题中,如果我们将"as well as"理解为第一种情况,"some measure of quality as well as quantity"的意思是“某种质量和数量的衡量标准”。好像没太明白是什么意思,对不对?上下文告诉我们,因为只看论文数量导致大家拼命写论文而导致质量下降,所以我们已经采取了一些搜段来改变这种状况,那不就是应该在数量之外引入新的衡量标准,比如论文质量。所以"as well as"在这里符合第二种情况,表示“除…之外还有…”。考生在考场上需要迅速做出这样的判断,难度比较大,所以杨老师认为这0.5分很多考生拿不到。难点3:"an applicant's published papers"。这个语言点考得很细,考查过去分词的语义。过去分词可以表“完成”或“被动”,考生需要根据语境判断。这里所说的“申请者的论文”指什么?第47句告诉我们申请者需要在申请之前发表一定数量的论文。根据这一点,我们可以断定"published"在这里表示完成,那么"an applicant's published papers"指“申请者已经发表的论文”。49)This would be reasonable enough if it were not for the fact that scientists can easily arrange to cite themselves in their future publications, or get associates to do so for them in return for similar favors.参考译文:这种做法本应该是合理的,但事实上,科学家可以轻易在未来发表文章中引用自己写的文章,或者和同行约定引用对方的文章。难点1:如何翻译虚拟语气(非真实条件句)?简单的诸如"If I were you, I would buy the car"(如果我是你,我会买这辆车。)很好处理。但49这一题比较复杂,其核心结构是"This would be reasonable if it were not for the fact that …",大致可以翻译为“如果不是因为这样一个事实,这会是合理的”。不过,因为“事实”对应的内容非常长,而且“如果…这会是…”也不太符合汉语表达习惯,所以杨凡达老师将其润色为“这种做法本应该是合理的,但事实上,…”难点2:"associates"为多义词,通常做动词表示“联系”,在这里做名词用表示“同事”。难点3:"similar favors"。这个短语的字面意思是“相类似的好处”。如果不结合上下文,很难明白这个短语真正想表达什么。前文说“开始引入论文质量衡量体系”,这本是件好事。但所谓道高一尺魔高一丈,研究者会利用机制漏洞继续发表低质量作文,也就是"the fact that …"之后的内容。比如,他们会在新文章中引用自己发表的文章已增加影响因子,或者和同事约定好互相引用,也就对应到原文"get associates to do so for them in return for similar favors"(让同事写论文时引用自己的文章,好处就是自己也去引用对方的文章)。50)If we are serious about ensuring that our science is both meaningful and reprocible, we must ensure that our institutions incentivize that kind of science.参考译文:如果我们认真地想确保我们的科学研究是有意义的,并且可以被后人反复利用,我们就必须保证我们的制度鼓励大家做这样的研究。难点1:如何翻译"reprocible"?这是一个超纲词,但并不“犯规”。意思是,这个单词由常见词根词缀构成——"re = again + proce = make + ible = be able to"。因此,这个单词的字面含义是“可再生的,可复制的,可繁殖的”,也就是“能够再次生产”。不过我们若将"our science is reprocible"翻译为“我们的科学是可再生/复制/繁殖的”显然不妥。那么,作者到底想表达什么?我们还需要借助上下文。整篇文章说医学界论文质量大幅下降,发表的都是“垃圾”,说明这些论文一文不值,对于社会进步没有任何帮助。而好的论文应该可被利用的,比如利用论文成果开发产品改善生活质量、或者给后续科研提供理论基础等等。所以,我将其翻译为“可被后人反复利用”难点2:超纲词"incentivize"。熟悉的配方,熟悉的味道,这依然是由常见词根词缀构成的单词。"incentive"是考研大纲收入的名词,意思是“鼓励、激励”,而"ize"是常见动词后缀,那么"incentivize"理论上可理解为“鼓励、激励”这个动作,而且这也符合原文语境。总结:英语一英译汉板块依然是整张试卷最难的板块,但在这部分上拿到不错分数也并非不可能。我们需要的是方法和态度。方法指的是了解英译汉命题规律和考点,比如一直重点考查的多义词、派生词和固定用法,以及今年首次考查的虚拟语气等。那么我们在背单词阶段的态度应该有所转变。比如,我们需要积累常见词根、词缀以便结合上下文猜测出超纲词的含义,我们还需要积累常见单词的生僻含义以及单词组合起来构成的固定用法(成语)。而且我们在做这些训练的同时,提升的绝对不只是英译汉能力,同时提高的还有阅读理解能力和写作能力。英语二 翻译It is easy to underestimate English writer James Herriot. He has such a pleasant, readable style that one might think that anyone could imitate it. How many times have I heard people say “I could write a book. I just haven’t the time.” Easily said. Not so easily done. James Herriot, contrary to popular opinion, did not find it easy in his early days of, as he put it, “having a go at the writing game.”While he obviously had an abundance of natural talent, the final, polished work that he gave to the world was the result of years of practicing, re-writing and reading. Like the majority of authors, he had to suffer many disappointments and rejections along the way, but these made him all the more determined to succeed. Everything he achieved in life was earned the hard way and his success in the literary field was no exception.参考译文:英国作家吉米哈利的实力容易被低估。他的作品讨喜且通俗易懂以致大家觉得任何人都可以模仿。“我可以写书,我只是没时间。”这种话我听过无数次。说起来容易,做起来却没那么简单。按照吉米哈利自己的说法,他在“尝试写作这种游戏”的初期并不顺利,这与大众对他的看法刚好相反。虽然大家都知道他才华横溢,但他带个世人的精彩作品都是多年阅读、练习以及不断重写的成果。和绝大数作家一样,他这一路必然有很多次被拒稿的失望经历,但这些使他对成功更加坚定。哈利一生中每一次成功都来之不易,在文学界的成就也不例外。【详细解析】和2018年真题类似,这一年翻译文章是对知名人物的介绍,文字难度低,通俗易懂,难度基本与2018持平。英语二翻译总体难度比英语一低,但每年得分率也不超过60%,这是因为字里行间中有一些细小的单词、短语、结构较难理解或润色,而这些点是阅卷者阅卷时的重点关注对象,也是得分或扣分的关键。从2010-2019这十年翻译真题,我们不断得出一个结论:重视英语基本功。这指的是对英语单词在特定语境中的理解、掌握常见的固定用法、以及了解英语和汉语在表达时的区别等等。英语二翻译价值15分,不容小觑,希望2020考研考生认真对待。1. It is easy to underestimate English writer James Herriot.这句话中包含的句型"It is easy to do something"通常译为“做某事很简单”,所以这句可直译为“低谷英国作家"James Herriot"很简单”。但这不够通顺,所以我们要对其润色,比如“英国作家"James Herriot"很容易被低估”,这就好比我们会把"It is easy to learn English"译为“英语很容易学”的原理是一样的。另外"James Herriot"这个名字可以不译,也可以根据读音译为詹姆斯哈里亚特(请参考007"James Bond"的译名)。尽管这个作家在国内早已约定翻译为吉米哈利,但译为“詹姆斯哈里亚特”不扣分。2. He has such a pleasant, readable style that one might think that anyone could imitate it.前半句直译成“他有如此的令人愉悦的、可读的风格”显然不妥。首先,我们在这里讨论他的作品风格,而不是他本人性格,所以"pleasant, readable"描述他的作品而非作者,因此我们可以将pleasant润色为“讨喜”,并将"readable"译为“通俗易懂”。3. How many times have I heard people say “I could write a book. I just haven't the time.”词句包含直接引语,这部分独立不可分割,我们可以先译出来——我可以写书,我只是没有时间。前半句的意思是多次听人们说这样一句话,所以整句话可译为:我听过多少次人们说“我可以写书,我只是没有时间”。也可以先翻译直接引语,再总结式地翻译前半句:“我可以写书,只是没时间。”这种话我听过无数次。4. Easily said. Not so easily done.省略句,源自成句"easily said than done"(说起来比做起来容易),原句为"It is easily said. It is not so easily done." 因为在这篇文章中,原本的成语一分为二,翻译时也可以如此断句——说起来容易,但做起来没那么简单。5. James Herriot, contrary to popular opinion, did not find it easy in his early days of, as he put it, “having a go at the writing game.”这句话包含两个插入成分。首先是"contrary to popular opinion"(与大众观点相反的是),这是一个句子状语,通常放在句首,偶尔像这句话一样,放在主语和谓语之间。在翻译的时候,放在句首符合汉语表达习惯。后面的"as he put it"(就像他所说的)是一个状语从句,但插入在of和后面的直接引语之间,造句理解困难。将这个成分剥离,我们可以看到剩下部分in his early days of “having a go at the writing game”其实是一个时间状语,修饰主干成分。在翻译"as he put it"时,要考虑放在整句话哪个位置。放在原句那个位置显然不妥;其实我们根据汉语的语感,这种表达要么放句首起引领作用,要么放句尾起总结作用,但句首已经有了“与大众观点相反的是”,所以两者都放句首造成冲突。那么我们考虑将"as he put it"放句尾,但这样一来无论怎么润色都不通顺,所以我们考虑将它放句首并将"contrary to popular opinion"从而润色为“这与大众观点相反”。如此一来,整句话就通顺了。6. While he obviously had an abundance of natural talent, the final, polished work that he gave to the world was the result of years of practicing, re-writing and reading.连词"while"放置于句首,多半情况下表示“虽然,尽管”,引导让步状语从句。从句中"natural talent"字面含义为“自然的才能”,也就是“天赋”的意思。另外,"an abundance of"的字面意思是“丰富的,大量的”,但搭配“天赋”不够通顺。冷静下来想一想,所谓的“丰富大量的天赋”不就是“才华横溢”嘛。主干部分都主语说的是他的作品。"Polished"一词原本指“经过打磨的”,但修饰作品时则表示“精彩的”。7. Like the majority of authors, he had to suffer many disappointments and rejections along the way, but these made him all the more determined to succeed.连词"but"之前的句子不太好润色。"Many disappointments and rejections"直译的结果是“多次失望和拒绝”。我们需要结合文章背景来做进一步理解:这位作家并非年少成名,而偏向大器晚成。那么一个这样的作家在早期必然经历很多挫折,比如像J.K.罗琳那样写的很多稿件被出版社拒之门外,从而无比失望了,这不就对应到"many disappointments和rejections"嘛。那么我们可以将这部分润色为“他这一路必然有很多次被拒稿/稿件被拒的失望经历”8. Everything he achieved in life was earned the hard way and his success in the literary field was no exception.前半句考查固定用法"earn … the hard way",意思是“做到某事来之不易”。同学们可能没见过这种用法,但根据"the hard way"和全文大意也能猜测出大概含义。后半句也包含一个固定句子结构"X be no exception",意思是“X也不例外”,这个短语在阅读真题中出现过,做过相应文章的同学应该不陌生,可以轻松翻译出来。最后,祝大家圣诞节快乐。

大苦

1999年考研英语阅读理解第四篇答案和全文翻译

原文+译文:When a Scottish research team startled the world by revealing 3 months ago that it had cloned an alt sheep, President Clinton moved swiftly. 三个月前,当一个苏格兰研究小组宣布他们克隆了一只成年绵羊时,世界为之震惊,克林顿总统迅速做出反应。Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment -- although no one had proposed to do so -- and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning.他宣称反对利用这种非同寻常的畜牧业技术去克隆人,并下令禁止联邦资金用于此类实验——尽管还没有人提议要那样做——并要求一个由普林斯顿大学校长哈罗德·夏皮罗为首的独立专家小组,在九十天内拿出有关克隆人的国家政策的建议,向白宫汇报。That group -- the National Bioethics Advisory Commission (NBAC) -- has been working feverishly to put its wisdom on paper, and at a meeting on 17 May, members agreed on a near-final draft of their recommendations.这个名为“全国生物伦理道德顾问委员会”(NBAC)的小组一直在非常积极地工作,集思广益,并诉诸笔端;在5月17日的一次会议上,委员们就接近定稿的意见书取得了一致意见。NBAC will ask that Clinton’s 90-day ban on federal funds for human cloning be extended indefinitely, and possibly that it be made law.NBAC将要求克林顿总统禁止联邦资金用于克隆人的九十天禁令无限期地延长,并且还可能要求将之立法。But NBAC members are planning to word the recommendation narrowly to avoid new restrictions on research that involves the cloning of human DNA or cells -- routine in molecular biology.但是,NBAC成员们正计划在建议的措辞上更为严谨,以避免给克隆人体DNA或细胞等研究带来更多的限制——(这属于)分子生物研究中的常规课题。The panel has not yet reached agreement on a crucial question, however, whether to recommend legislation that would make it a crime for private funding to be used for human cloning.然而,该小组尚未在一个关键问题上达成一致,即是否建议立法机关将私人资金用于克隆人的行为法定为犯罪。In a draft preface to the recommendations, discussed at the 17 May meeting, Shapiro suggested that the panel had found a broad consensus that it would be “morally unacceptable to attempt to create a human child by alt nuclear cloning.”在5月17日会议上讨论的建议序言草案中,夏皮罗表示,专家组已取得广泛的共识,认为“试图利用成人细胞核去克隆婴儿将是违背道德伦理的”。Shapiro explained ring the meeting that the moral doubt stems mainly from fears about the risk to the health of the child. The panel then informally accepted several general conclusions, although some details have not been settled.夏皮罗解释说在与会期间,道德上的怀疑主要源于对婴儿健康的担忧。随后,该小组非正式地接受了几项概括性的结论,尽管有些细节尚无定论。NBAC plans to call for a continued ban on federal government funding for any attempt to clone body cell nuclei to create a child. Because current federal law already forbids the use of federal funds to create embryos (the earliest stage of human offspring before birth) for research or to knowingly endanger an embryo’s life, NBAC will remain silent on embryo research.NBAC计划呼吁继续禁止为任何企图利用人体细胞核去制造婴孩的做法提供联邦政府基金资助。因为现行的联邦法律已经禁止联邦基金用于制造研究用的胚胎(人类后代出生前的最早阶段)或有意识地危及胚胎的生命,所以NBAC在胚胎研究这一问题上将保持沉默。NBAC members also indicated that they will appeal to privately funded researchers and clinics not to try to clone humans by body cell nuclear transfer. NBAC的成员明确表示,他们将呼吁受私人基金资助的研究人员和诊所不要尝试通过人体细胞核转移来克隆人。But they were divided on whether to go further by calling for a federal law that would impose a complete ban on human cloning. Shapiro and most members favored an appeal for such legislation, but in a phone interview, he said this issue was still “up in the air.”但他们在是否进一步要求联邦立法强令完全禁止克隆人这一问题上存在分歧。夏皮罗和大多数委员赞成将此立法,但在电话采访中,他透露这一议题仍“悬而未决”。试题:51. We can learn from the first paragraph that.[A] federal funds have been used in a project to clone humans[B] the White House responded strongly to the news of cloning[C] NBAC was authorized to control the misuse of cloning technique[D] the White House has got the panel’s recommendations on cloning52. The panel agreed on all of the following except that.[A] the ban on federal funds for human cloning should be made a law[B] the cloning of human DNA is not to be put under more control[C] it is criminal to use private funding for human cloning[D] it would be against ethical values to clone a human being53. NBAC will leave the issue of embryo research undiscussed because_.[A] embryo research is just a current development of cloning[B] the health of the child is not the main concern of embryo research[C] an embryo’s life will not be endangered in embryo research[D] the issue is explicitly stated and settled in the law54. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that.[A] some NBAC members hesitate to ban human cloning completely[B] a law banning human cloning is to be passed in no time[C] privately funded researchers will respond positively to NBAC’s appeal[D] the issue of human cloning will soon be settled答案:B C D A

冬之旅

2019考研英语真题翻译

嗨,这里是小恬的第十一篇文章。今天主要内容是2019完形填空的翻译,大家一起来看看吧。今天我们生活在一个全球定位系统、电子地图和其他导航软件在智能手机上触手可及的时代,没有手机我们中的—1—将径直走到森林里。但是手机依靠电池—2—,并且电池比我们意识到的耗能更快。—3—你迷路没有手机或者指南针,而且你—4—无法找到北方,一些小技巧帮助你—5—现代社会,其中之一就是跟随陆地。当你发现自己—6—一条小路,但不是一个完全—7—区域,你必须回答两个问题:在这一区域里哪个—8—是下坡? 还有最近的水源在哪里?人类清一色地住在山谷中,且依靠淡水补给。—9—如果你往下走,而且跟随你找到的任何水迹前行,你将—10—人类的踪迹。如果你之前探索过这个地方,注意熟悉的标志——你可能—11—如此快速识别一个特殊的岩石或者一棵树能恢复你的方位。另一—12—:登高然后寻找人类居住的迹象。—13—,即便在茂密的森林,你也能在树林之线中—14—空隙,由于道路,铁轨,和其他人类—15—森林开辟的其他小径。向这些—16—前进以寻找出口。夜间,仔细观察地平线寻找光源,例如火和路灯,接着走向光污染的光芒。—18—,假如你在人流倾向于频繁的地方迷路,寻找我们留在环境中的—19—。火焰标志,轮胎印,和其他能够—20—你通往现代社会的特征。1.A某些,B大部分,C很少,D所有2.A放、穿,B拿,C跑、运转,D来、振作3.A从、因为,B如果,C尽管,D直到4.A正式地,B相对地,C渐渐地,D实在地5.A回,B接下来,C围绕,D远离6.A在……上,B离……远,C横穿,D独自7.A不吸引人的,B不拥挤的,C不变的,D不熟的8.A场所,B点,C路,D地方9.A所以,B然而,C反之,D还有10.A立刻,B有意地,C出乎意料地,D最后11.A惊讶,B恼怒,C害怕,D困惑12.A问题,B选择,C观点,D结果13.A总之,B反之,C平均,D例如,14.A跨过,B避免,C认出,D分开15.A来自,B穿过,C超过,D在……下16.A邮件,B链接,C阴影,D突破口17.A人工的,B神秘的,C隐藏的,D有限的18.A最终,B结果,C顺便,D通常19.A记忆,B记号,C笔记,D财产20.A约束,B收养,C引导,D揭露

积渐

史上最难考研年,考研英语大分析

关注百家,分享更多法考、考研资料今年被誉为“史上最难考研年”,其中考研英语等话题很快就抢占热搜,不少考生直呼这次考研英语太难,今天小编想跟大家聊一聊这个“最难”难在哪些地方。一、总体分析相比2019年考研英语一的题目,2020年试卷难度相较去年略有上升,但是考察的主体内容基本总体没有超纲。完形填空,考察主题内容和我们日常生活息息相关,词汇相对基础总体不超纲,但是各个单项部分的难度有一些变化。完形填空的难度是较近几年有所提升的;阅读理解A部分前两篇文章的难度大,后两篇的难度小一点,很多时候不是读懂了题目就做得出来;新题型虽然考到了相对比较容易的小标题,但是很多人没有顺着出题者的思维去考虑造成了一些理解上的偏差;翻译部分的文章总体比较容易理解,句型结构考察和前几年基本一致,但可能主题词renaissance文艺复兴给部分同学造成了理解偏差;小作文考到了活动通知notice。大作文是双图对比《好习惯》,平时练习了的还有背诵一些模板的话还是比较容易写的。二、各部分分析1.英语知识运用2020年英语一完形填空所选取的文章主题“烤过的食物会对健康造成危害”,这个话题其实是很贴近我们的日常生活的,很多人都很喜欢吃烧烤类的东西,所以相对而言还是比较好理解的。整篇文章看下来,没有很多专业性的词汇,题目和选项中也没有超纲词。考察大家的还是对于词汇的辨析以及上下文逻辑推理能力,这也给咱们的2021的同学提个醒,考研英语考察了大家的英语综合能力,这离不开平时的日积月累。2.阅读理解2020年英语一的四篇阅读分别是英国的城镇文化奖项、科研出版业的盈利、女性政策以及法国向美国互联网巨头征收数字化税。其中在40道题目中有14道细节题,2道情感态度题,1道主旨题,1道段落推断题,2道例证题。其中Text1文章存在一定难度,非英语专业的人其实对于英国乡镇文化的话题了解比较少,而Text2、3、4难度适中。其中Text 3;Text 4都是考研英语之前常考话题,主题词明确。2020年英语一的新题型考的是一篇《关于眼神交流的作用研究》的小标题题,没有考排序以及选句填空,这个题目难度适中,一定程度上是大家比较容易拿分的部分。针对2021的考生来说新题型的备考大家不用过度担心,几种题型都做好备考的话,做题会好很多。3.翻译2020英语一试卷中的翻译文章《文艺复兴的终结,新的理性时代的到来》,本篇文章总体难度适中,这次次翻译依旧是考察了定语结构,状语结构,同位语从句,宾语从句;被动句等往年必考句型,其实在翻译过程中主要是一些长难句的理解,句子长而且有一些单词很难懂,造成了整体意思的错误。由于英式思维和中式思维的不同,英语中很多涉及名词的使用,而中文则是喜欢用动词,在翻译的时候需要把名词翻译成动词的形式,这样才能更符合中文的表达习惯。这次翻译考察的主要是文学历史题材,尤其是一些专有名词的认识,比如文艺复兴(Renaissance),地心说理论(geo-centric)等对一些工科的学生来说难度比较大,建议21的考生在备考的时候也要适当积累一些外国文化背景知识。4.写作小作文考察的是通知(notice),也是咱们考纲规定的应用文类型之一。格式准确,单词语法少错误,再穿插几个从句在里面基本上可以完成。大作文今年考察的是双图,副标题是习惯。一个小女孩今日事今日毕,另外一个小男孩老想拖延。大作文可以写时间管理、效率、习惯、坚持等都是切合主题,没有偏题的。相对于阅读来说,作文应该是比较简单的了,其实每年考研英语的作文话题都是比较常考的,只要是积累了相应的词汇、语句和适当的练习,作文就算拿不到高分也不会低。2020考研已经结束,2021的考生们要接力好哦!

猎龙人

1999年考研英语阅读理解第五篇答案和全文翻译

原文+译文:Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on the preparedness of the minds of the men who watch the experiments.实际上,科学的进步依赖于做实验,但更依赖于实验的观察者(即做实验的人)有所准备的头脑。Sir Isaac Newton supposedly discovered gravity through the fall of an apple.据说艾萨克·牛顿爵士是从苹果落地现象中发现了万有引力。Apples had been falling in many places for centuries and thousands of people had seen them fall. But Newton for years had been curious about the cause of the orbital motion of the moon and planets.多少个世纪以来,许多地方一直都有苹果落到地面,成千上万的人也都看过苹果落地。但多年来只有牛顿一直对月球和行星沿轨道运行的起因感到好奇。What kept them in place? Why didn’t they fall out of the sky? The fact that the apple fell down toward the earth and not up into the tree answered the question he had been asking himself about those larger fruits of the heavens, the moon and the planets.是什么使它们保持在现在的位置?它们为什么不从天上掉下来?苹果向下落到地面而不向上飞到树上,这一事实回答了他长期以来一直对天空中更大的“果实”——月球和行星所存有的疑问。How many men would have considered the possibility of an apple falling up into the tree?多少人会考虑过苹果向上飞到树上的可能性呢?Newton did because he was not trying to predict anything. He was just wondering. His mind was ready for the unpredictable. Unpredictability is part of the essential nature of research.牛顿这样做了,因为他不想对任何事情进行预测。他只是怀有好奇心。他的头脑在准备思考不可预测的事。不可预测性是科学研究的一个基本特征。If you don’t have unpredictable things, you don’t have research. Scientists tend to forget this when writing their cut and dried reports for the technical journals, but history is filled with examples of it.如果没有不可预测现象的产生就无所谓科学研究了。科学家们在为学术刊物撰写呆板的例行报告时往往会忘记这一点,而历史上这样的例子却比比皆是。In talking to some scientists, particularly younger ones, you might gather the impression that they find the “scientific method” a substitute for imaginative thought.在和一些科学家,特别是年轻科学家交谈时,你可能会有这样一种印象:他们认为“科学方法”可以代替创造性思维。I’ve attended research conferences where a scientist has been asked what he thinks about the advisability of continuing a certain experiment.我出席过一些科研会议,会上有人问一位科学家继续某项实验是否是明智之举。The scientist has frowned, looked at the graphs, and said “the data are still inconclusive.”那位科学家皱了皱眉,又看了看图表,然后说:“数据还是不够确定。”“We know that,” the men from the budget office have said, “but what do you think? Is it worthwhile going on? What do you think we might expect?” The scientist has been shocked at having even been asked to speculate.预算部门的人说:“这点我们知道,但你的意见如何?你觉得值得做下去吗?你觉得我们可以期待什么呢?”这位科学家感到很震惊,他没有料到人们会让他做出预测。What this amounts to, of course, is that the scientist has become the victim of his own writings.当然,这几乎等于说:这位科学家成了自己所写报告的受害者。He has put forward unquestioned claims so consistently that he not only believes them himself, but has convinced instrial and business management that they are true.他所提出的种种论断是如此不容置疑、如此一致,以至于不仅他自己相信了,而且也说服了工商界的管理者相信其正确性。If experiments are planned and carried out according to plan as faithfully as the reports in the science journals indicate, then it is perfectly logical for management to expect research to proce results measurable in dollars and cents.假如科学实验像科学杂志报告显示的那样完全按事先的计划去规划和实施,那么,对管理层来说,期待研究能够产生可用美元、美分衡量的结果是完全合理的。It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.审计人员也完全有理由相信,确切知道自己的目标并知道如何实现这一目标的科学家们根本没必要分心:用一只眼盯着现金计数器的同时,用另一只眼睛盯着显微镜。Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect, is management to be blamed for discriminating against the “odd balls” among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who “work well with the team.”如果像他们的论文所反映的那样,科学家渴望规律性和与某种标准模式的一致性,那么管理人员歧视研究人员中的“标新立异者”,而赞赏“善于合作”的具有传统思维模式的人,也就是无可指摘的。试题:51. The author wants to prove with the example of Isaac Newton that.[A] inquiring minds are more important than scientific experiments[B] science advances when fruitful researches are concted[C] scientists seldom forget the essential nature of research[D] unpredictability weighs less than prediction in scientific research52. The author asserts that scientists.[A] shouldn’t replace “scientific method” with imaginative thought[B] shouldn’t neglect to speculate on unpredictable things[C] should write more concise reports for technical journals[D] should be confident about their research findings53. It seems that some young scientists.[A] have a keen interest in prediction[B] often speculate on the future[C] think highly of creative thinking[D] stick to “scientific method”54. The author implies that the results of scientific research.[A] may not be as profitable as they are expected[B] can be measured in dollars and cents[C] rely on conformity to a standard pattern[D] are mostly underestimated by management答案:A B D A

石榴

2020考研英语(一)真题翻译考点解析

2020考研英语刚刚结束,英语一整体难度适中,与近几年的真题思路接近一致,关于翻译部分,五个长难句依旧各有难度,文章背景主要讨论文艺复兴时期的思维变化,整体词汇有一定难度,今天文都考研英语将为同学们总结翻译考点,并和同学们分享翻译相关的复习方法。考点一:With引导的随从状语与被动关于with的状语翻译,真题中:With the Church's teachings and ways of thinking being eclipsed by the Renaissance,直接可以译为:随着...,与主句进行连接;本句中状语还有被动结构,被动处理的两种方法:变为主动和保持被动,在本句可以译为主动:在文艺复兴时期黯然失色。考点二:同位语从句的翻译关于同位语从句的翻译,今年在真题中为:including the geo-centric view that the Earth was at the centre of our universe. 可以看出同从修饰名词view,同学们要注意区分同从和定从的区别,后面从句的内容进一步解释说明前面观点,译文可以用“即”或者冒号连接两句话,译为:其中包括地球中心说的观点,即:地球是宇宙中心。考点三:修饰成分的翻译翻译的一个难点就是处理好句中的修饰,并且能还原成正常的中文语序,在这个过程中可以适当更改单词词性和语义,在真题中:attempts by the Church to suppress this generation of logicians and rationalists,名词attempts由两个介词短语进行修饰,在翻译时,根据语义进行调整:尽管教会试图镇压这一代逻辑学家和理性主义者。考点四:状语从句的翻译除了修饰的处理,有些长难句难点在于整个句式结构上,尤其是状语从句的考察,今年的真题中,出现了as引导的状从:As many took on the ty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world,as在句中引导的时间状语从句,意为:当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时。考点五:长难句主干的识别五个翻译句子中,对长难句主干的识别尤为重要,在今年真题中:Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what the information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase 'sapere aude' or 'dare to know'. 整个句子为一句话没有明显的断句标志,在找主干时,可以先找出核心谓语动词were captured,前面部分为主语,后面为状语,整理后主干为:such actions were captured by...。以上为今年的翻译重点解析,关于翻译复习上,建议同学们平时除了积累词汇,还需要进行长难句的断句识主干练习,每星期练习30个句子,并且在练习过程中将修饰成分全部标出,经过练习一定能在翻译模块取得不错的进步。

反复

21考研英语二答案「翻译篇」敢不敢对?

考研英语二翻译We tend to think that friends and family members are our biggest source of connection, laughter and warmth. While that may well be true, researchers have also recently found that interacting with strangers actually brings a boost in mood and feelings of belonging that we didn’t expect.In one series of studies, researchers instructed Chicago-area commuters using public transportation to strike up a conversation with someone near them. On average, participants who followed this instruction felt better than those who had been told to stand or sit in silence. The researchers also argued that when we shy away from casual interactions with strangers, it is often e to a misplaced anxiety that they might not want to talk to us. Much of the time, however, this belief is false. As it turns out, many people are actually perfectly willing to talk—and may even be flattered to receive your attention.◆【参考译文】我们倾向于认为朋友和家人是我们交往、欢笑和温暖的最大来源。虽然这可能是真的,但研究人员最近也发现,与陌生人互动实际上会带来在情绪和归属感方面的意外提升。在一系列研究中,研究人员让芝加哥地区乘坐公共交通工具的通勤者与旁边的人搭讪。 平均而言,遵循这一指令的参与者比那些被告知安静地站着或坐着的人感觉更好。研究人员还认为,当我们羞于与陌生人进行随意的互动时,往往是因为一种无谓的焦虑,担心他们可能不想和我们说话。然而,很多时候,这种想法是错误的。事实证明,许多人实际上非常愿意交谈,甚至可能因为能得到你的关注而感到荣幸。21考研已经结束,打算22考研的同学,可以先准备啦!搜集复习资料【考研英语】单词:《考研词汇闪过》,按考频划重点,省时间真题:英一《考研真相》(4件套)英二《考研圣经》(4件套)基础打不牢,越学越煎熬英语基础弱(比如六级低分漂过的)直接用这个书,每个句子都图示讲解的(包括每个长难句),重点单词有解释,真的能跟着它看进去书,看懂文章这样才方便下一步做题。其他真题书都个别句子讲的,你能确保你看不懂的书上刚好很巧就能讲到吗专业课资料研招网或目标院校参考书复习方法笔记、历年真题可以联系往届学长学姐或到公众号搜集

被发揄袂

考研英语:看懂句子不会翻译?那是你没有找到这个根源

面对考研,正在备考的同学们有些可能比较纠结:我把英语句子看懂了,怎么才能把句子翻译的漂亮呢?总觉得自己翻译的汉语译文很别扭,似乎没有能好好传达英语的意思,今天就让我们一起去找找根源吧。在翻译过程中,如何去选择单词的意义?进一步说,选择出来的这个意思,如何加以适当引申。这就是“词义的选择和引申”的翻译技巧。这种技巧的作用就是不用,似乎也能翻译,但是翻译的结果不好;用了,能迅速地翻译出漂亮的译文。词义的选择和词义引申是考研翻译中最常用的翻译技巧。其本身也是英语翻译中最基础的工作,准确把握词义,并在必要时加以适度的引申,是保证译文质量的前提和基础。一方面,英语和汉语各自都有丰富的词汇;另一方面,这两种语言差异巨大,其词义关系错综复杂,往往难以找到词义完全对应的词。在考研翻译中,这种现象更是比比皆是:1994年72题 a leader of the new school contends中,school是“学派”的意思,而不是“学校” 的意思。因此,在翻译中绝不能拘泥于自己所记忆的词典提供的基本释义,机械地去用固定的汉语词替换对应的英语词。正确的做法应当是,在掌握每一个单词基本释义的基础上,根据这个单词所处的语境,根据上下文提供的各种线索,判定其确切含义;同时,还需要按照汉语的表达习惯和汉语的搭配方式,选用恰当的词语表达这一意义。英语与世界上任何一种语言一样,都存在着一词多义的现象。所谓一词多义,即是指同一个词在同一种词类中,具有几个不同的词义。在英语与汉语中,很难找到一词一义的对应情况。这就需要我们在翻译过程中理解英语原文中单词的意思,然后努力地寻找在汉语中与这个英语单词具有相同意义的常用表达方法。就home这个词而言,大多数人都知道有“家”的意思。但是,上下文不一样,home的翻译就完全不一样,如:India is the home of elephants.印度是大象的生长地。由此可见,一词多义的现象在英语中十分普遍。在翻译时,词义的选择应从以下几个方面着手。还有一个更为重要的方法就是根据上文来判断词义了。有时候,我们还可能会在考试中碰到生词。可是,我们绝对不会在一个英语句子中出现这种情况:某一个单词不认识,而这个单词上下文中的所有单词都不认识。正因为上下文的存在,这也给我们考研翻译中解决生词提供了突破口。因此,在考研翻译中,我们一定要随时注意上下文。在英语中,同一个词, 同一种词类,在不同的场合往往会有不同的含义。在翻译时,必须考虑词的搭配关系,弄清一个词在某个上下文中的确切含义,然后再选一个合适的词进行翻译。

六根

近20年考研英语真题翻译常考词组

考研英语,翻译是很多考研童鞋们的伤。其主要的原因是,基础没有打牢固,词组和单词量的积累不够或者对意思的理解有偏差。其实翻译是很容易得分的题目,记住下面总结的这些近20年真题中的常考的翻译词组,可以帮我们更加高效地做出翻译题目,有效地把握命题的规律!其实这些词组不仅做翻译很有用,做完型填空的时候也是有用的,完型填空里面就会有很多的固定搭配。自己写作文的时候也可以合理地使用这些词组,让改卷的老师眼前一亮的赶脚。最后,21考研的童鞋要好好加油咯!已经正式步入6月份了!