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侍统2012年考研英语二真题
2012年考研英语二真题。Section I USE of EnglishDirections :Read the following text. Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET1.(10 points)Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy ,the symbol of American military adventurism, but that’s not how it used to be .To the men and women who 1 in World War II and the people they liberated ,the GI.was the 2 man grown into hero ,the pool farm kid torn away from his home ,the guy who 3 all the burdens of battle ,who slept in cold foxholes，who went without the 4 of food and shelter ,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a volunteer soldier ,not someone well paid , 5 an average guy ,up 6 the best trained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries.His name is not much.GI. is just a military abbreviation7 Government Issue ,and it was on all of the article 8 to soldiers .And Joe? A common name for a guy who never 9 it to the top .Joe Blow ,Joe Magrac …a working class name.The United States has 10 had a president or vicepresident or secretary of state Joe.GI .joe had a11 career fighting German ,Japanese , and Korean troops . He appers as a character ,or a 12 of american personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of GI. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle 13 portrayde themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the 14 side of the warl, writing about the dirt-snow –and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were 15 or what towns were captured or liberated, His reports 16 the “willie” cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both men 17 the dirt and exhaustion of war, the 18 of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep. 19 Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G.I. Joe was any American soldier, 20 the most important person in their lives.1. [A] performed [B]served [C]rebelled [D]betrayed2. [A] actual [B]common [C]special [D]normal3. [A]bore [B]cased [C]removed [D]loaded4. [A]necessities [B]facilitice [C]commodities [D]propertoes5. [A]and [B]nor [C]but [D]hence6. [A]for [B]into [C] form [D]against7. [A]meaning [B]implying [C]symbolizing [D]claiming8. [A]handed out [B]turn over [C]brought back [D]passed down9. [A]pushed [B]got [C]made [D]managed10. [A]ever [B]never [C]either [D]neither11. [A]disguised [B]disturbed [C]disputed [D]distinguished12. [A]company [B]collection [C]community [D]colony13. [A]employed [B]appointed [C]interviewed [D]questioned14. [A]ethical [B]military [C]political [D]human15. [A]ruined [B]commuted [C]patrolled [D]gained16. [A]paralleled [B]counteracted [C]plicated [D]contradicted17. [A]neglected [B]avoided [C]emphasized [D]admired18. [A]stages [B]illusions [C]fragments [D]advancea19. [A]With [B]To [C]Among [D]Beyond20. [A]on the contrary [B] by this means [C]from the outset [D]at that pointSection Ⅱ Reading comprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. answer the question after each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on his ecational ritual. Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has proced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student’s academic grade.This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.District administrators say that homework will still be a pat of schooling: teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want. But with homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see vey little difference on their report cards. Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework, but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible that the homework helped. Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students, the policy imposes a flat, across-the-board rule.At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework. If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students’ academic achievement, it should move to rece or eliminate the assignments, not make them count for almost nothing. Conversely, if homework does nothing to ensure that the homework students are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct.The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsible for setting ecational policy, looks into the matter and concts public hearings. It is not too late for L.A. Unified to do homework right.21. It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_____.[A] is receiving more criticism[B]is no longer an ecational ritual[C]is not required for advanced courses[D]is gaining more preferences22. L.A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students_____.[A]tend to have moderate expectations for their ecation[B]have asked for a different ecational standard[C]may have problems finishing their homework[D]have voiced their complaints about homework23. According to Paragraph 3,one problem with the policy is that it may____.[A]discourage students from doing homework[B]result in students' indifference to their report cards[C]undermine the authority of state tests[D]restrict teachers' power in ecation24. As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is whether______. [A] it should be eliminated[B]it counts much in schooling[C]it places extra burdens on teachers[D]it is important for grades25. A suitable title for this text could be______.[A]Wrong Interpretation of an Ecational Policy[B]A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students[C]Thorny Questions about Homework[D]A Faulty Approach to HomeworkText2Pretty in pink: alt women do not rememer being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls’ lives. Tt is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls’ identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls’ lives and interests.Girls’ attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What’s more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses.When nursery colours were introced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children’s marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years.I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kins, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into children’s behaviour: wrong. Turns out, acdording to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularised as a marketing trick by clothing manufacrurers in the 1930s.Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a “third stepping stone” between infant wear and older kids’ clothes. Tt was only after “toddler”became a common shoppers’ term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or alts,into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences – or invent them where they did not previously exist.26. By saying "it is...the rainbow"(Line 3, Para.1),the author means pink______.[A]should not be the sole representation of girlhood[B]should not be associated with girls' innocence[C]cannot explain girls' lack of imagination[D]cannot influence girls' lives and interests27.According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours？[A]Colours are encoded in girls' DNA.[B]Blue used to be regarded as the colour for girls.[C]Pink used to be a neutral colour in symbolising genders.[D]White is prefered by babies.28. The author suggests that our perception of children's psychological development was much influenced by_____.[A]the marketing of procts for children[B]the observation of children's nature[C]researches into children's behavior[D]studies of childhood consumption29. We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised to_____.[A]focus on infant wear and older kids' clothes[B]attach equal importance to different genders[C]classify consumers into smaller groups[D]create some common shoppers' terms30. It can be concluded that girls' attraction to pink seems to be____.[A] clearly explained by their inborn tendency[B]fully understood by clothing manufacturers[C] mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen[D]well interpreted by psychological expertsText 3In 2010. a federal judge shook America's biotech instry to its core. Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades-by 2005 some 20% of human genes were parented. But in March 2010 a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable. Executives were violently agitated. The Biotechnology Instry Organisation (BIO)， a trade group， assured members that this was just a “preliminary step” in a longer battle.On July 29th they were relieved， at least temporarily. A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision， ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed holb patents to two genss that help forecast a woman's risk of breast cancer. The chief executive of Myriad， a company in Utah，said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike.But as companies continue their attempts at personalised medicine， the courts will remain rather busy. The Myriad case itself is probably not over Critics make three main arguments against gene patents： a gene is a proct of nature， so it may not be patented； gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it； and patents' monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriad's. A growing number seem to agree.Last year a federal task-force urged reform for patents related to genetic tests. In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad case， arguing that an isolated DNA molecule “is no less a proct of nature... than are cotton fibres that have been separated from cotton seeds. ”Despite the appeals court's decision， big questions remain unanswered. For example， it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome violates the patents of indivi al genes within it. The case may yet reach the Supreme Court.AS the instry advances ,however,other suits may have an even greater impact.companies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules-most are already patented or in the public domain .firms are now studying how genes intcract,looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug’s efficacy,companies are eager to win patents for ‘connecting the dits’,expaains hans sauer,alawyer for the BIO.Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO rtcently held a convention which included seddions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents. Each meeting was packed.31. it canbe learned from paragraph I that the biotech companies would like-----A. their executives to be activeB. judges to rule out gene patentingC. genes to be patcntablcD. the BIO to issue a warning32. those who are against gene patents believe that----A. genetic tests are not reliableB. only man-made procts are patentableC. patents on genes depend much on innovatiaonD. courts should restrict access to gene tic tests33. according to hans sauer ,companies are eager to win patents for----A. establishing disease comelationsB. discovering gene interactionsC. drawing pictures of genesD. identifying human DNA34．By saying “each meeting was packed”(line4,para6)the author means that -----A. the supreme court was authoritativeB. the BIO was a powerful organizationC. gene patenting was a great concernD. lawyers were keen to attend conventiongs35. generally speaking ,the author’s attitude toward gene patenting is----A. criticalB. supportiveC. scornfulD. ObjectiveText 4The great recession may be over, but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning. Before it ends, it will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young alts. And ultimately, it is likely to reshape our politics, our culture, and the character of our society for years.No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster. Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in some ways; they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps the recession will leave society better off. At the very least, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.But for the most part, these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U.S. ,lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes.Income inequality usually falls ring a recession, but it has not shrunk in this one,. Indeed, this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides, and decrease opportunities to cross them--- especially for young people. The research of Till Von Wachter, the economist in Columbia University, suggests that not all people graating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind.In the internet age, it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden winthin American society. More difficult, in the moment , is discerning precisely how these lean times are affecting society’s character. In many respects, the U.S. was more socially tolerant entering this resession than at any time in its history, and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results. We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric. But they certainly it, and all the more so the longer they extend.36.By saying “to find silver linings”（Line 1,Para.2）the author suggest that the jobless try to___.[A]seek subsidies from the govemment[B]explore reasons for the unermployment[C]make profits from the troubled economy[D]look on the bright side of the recession37. According to Paragraph 2,the recession has made people_____.[A]realize the national dream[B]struggle against each other[C]challenge their lifestyle[D]reconsider their lifestyle38. Benjamin Friedman believe that economic recessions may_____.[A]impose a heavier burden on immigrants[B]bring out more evils of human nature[C]Promote the advance of rights and freedoms[D]ease conflicts between races and classes39. The research of Till Von Wachther suggests that in recession graates from elite universities tend to _____.[A]lag behind the others e to decreased opportunities[B]catch up quickly with experienced employees[C]see their life chances as dimmed as the others’[D]recover more quickly than the others40. The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is____.[A]certain [B]positive[C]trivial [D]destructivePart BDirections: Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the left column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEERT 1.(10 points)“Universal history, the history of what man has accomplished in this world, is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here,” wrote the Victorian sage Thomas Carlyle. Well, not any more it is not.Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favourite historical form. This could be no more than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approach the past: less concerned with learning from forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain. Today, we want empathy, not inspiration.From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De Viris Illustribus – On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top. This was the biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turned on its head. In The Prince, the championed cunning, ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills of successful leaders.Over time, the attributes of greatness shifted. The Romantics commemorated the leading painters and authors of their day, stressing the uniqueness of the artist's personal experience rather than public glory. By contrast, the Victorian author Samual Smiles wrote Self-Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers , instrialists and explores . "The valuable examples which they furnish of the power of self-help, if patient purpose, resolute working and steadfast integrity, issuing in the formulation of truly noble and many character, exhibit," wrote Smiles." what it is in the power of each to accomplish for himself" His biographies of James Walt, Richard Arkwright and Josiah Wedgwood were held up as beacons to guide the working man through his difficult life.This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle, who focused his biographies on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte. These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere mortals.Communist Manifesto. For them, history did nothing, it possessed no immense wealth nor waged battles: “It is man, real, living man who does all that.” And history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle. As such, it needed to appreciate the economic realities, the social contexts and power relations in which each epoch stood. For: “Men make their own history, but they do not make it just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly found, given and transmitted from the past.”This was the tradition which revolutionized our appreciation of the past. In place of Thomas Carlyle, Britain nurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson and Eric Hobsbawm. History from below stood alongside biographies of great men. Whole new realms of understanding — from gender to race to cultural studies — were opened up as scholars unpicked the multiplicity of lost societies. And it transformed public history too: downstairs became just as fascinating as upstairs.Section Ⅲ Translation46. Directions: Translate the following text from English into Chinese.Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15 points)When people in developing countries worry about migration,they are usually concerned at the prospect of ther best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in the developed world ,These are the kind of workers that countries like Britian ,Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graates .Lots of studies have found that well-ecated people from developing countries are particularly likely to emigrate .A big survey of Indian households in 2004 found that nearly 40%of emigrants had more than a high-school ecation,compared with around 3.3%of all Indians over the age of 25.This "brain drain "has long bothered policymakers in poor countries ,They fear that it hurts their economies ,depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities ,worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new procts for their factories to make .Section Ⅳ WritingPart A47.Directions:Suppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bought from an onlin store the other day ,Write an email to the customer service center to1) make a complaint and2) demand a prompt solutionYou should write about 100words on ANSERE SHEET 2Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter ,Use "zhang wei "instead .Part B48. Directions:write an essay based on the following table .In your writing you should1) describe the table ,and2) give your commentsYou should write at least 150 words(15points)某公司员工工作满意度调查2012年考研英语二答案Section I USE of English1.【答案】B【解析】从空后的句子“他们解放的人们”可以看出，空前的句子表示的应该是参加了第二次大战的男人和女人。只有serve有“服兵役”的意思，所以选B。其他都不符合题意。2.【答案】B【解析】空内信息应该是与hero“英雄”意思相对，后面的分句说他背井离乡，经历了很多苦难，显然这里应该是说由普通人平凡人(common man)成长为英雄，所以选B。3.【答案】A【解析】本题考查的是词语的搭配关系，承担战争带来的负担，应该用动词bear或shoulder，所以这里选A，bore。4.【答案】A【解析】necessities表示“生活必需品”，空外信息food和shelter(食物和住宿)这些就是维持生存最起码的条件。Facilities是设备设施，commodities商品，properties财产，均不符合题意。5.【答案】C【解析】not…but，“不是，而是”表转折，不是自愿兵，也没有高的报酬，而是一个普通人。所以选C。6.【答案】D【解析】这道题主要考查介词的搭配。根据up______(the best trained, bestequipped, fiercest, most brutal).enemies可以知道是起来反抗敌人，所以选D选项against。7.【答案】C【解析】GI。在军事上是Government Issue 的缩略语，所以，GL。这个符号就是象征着这个全称Government Issue。选C。8.【答案】A【解析】该句意思为，GI。这个符号出现在给士兵分发的所有物品上，hand out “分发，发放”符合题意。Turn over “移交”，bring back“带回”，pass down“传承，一代一代传下来”在句意上都说不通。9.【答案】C【解析】空所在句子的语境为：Joe是个普通名词，一个从未爬到社会顶层的人的名字。Manage表示再怎么经过努力，最终也未获得成功，所以选C。10.【答案】B 【解析】结合第9题的分析可知，空所在句子实际上是进一步举例说明Joe没有取得大的成就：从来都不曾出现叫做Joe的总统、副总统、国务卿。根据句意只能选never，B。11.【答案】D 【解析】本题考察词汇辨析。空所在的语境为：GI .Joe有_ _ 的军旅生涯，曾和德国，美国以及韩国的军队作战。由此语境确定选D，其他几项均不符合题意。12.【答案】B 【解析】本题考察词汇辨析。空所在语境为：他身上体现着美国人的某些特色，或身上结合了美国人的诸多特性。结合语境，可知作者想表达在他身上有很多美国人的典型特色，因而选B。13.【答案】C 【解析】本题考察词汇辨析。空所在语境为：Pyle _ _ 的士兵也本色出演了该片。结合上句对Ernie Pyle的介绍，可知为一战地记者(warcorrespondent)，确定答案C。14.【答案】D 【解析】本题考察词汇辨析。 空所在语境为：Pyle擅长报导战争的_ _面，报导这些浑身是尘土，积雪以及泥浆的士兵。Pyle报导重在士兵而非战争上，因而可确定他关注的应更多的是人性。所以选D。15.【答案】D 【解析】本题考察词汇辨析。本题承接上题， 表达： Pyle并不关注士兵行军多少里，或是占领或解放了多少地方。Gain有推进(一段)距离的意思，故选D。16.【答案】A 【解析】本题考察词汇辨析。空所在语境为：他的报导与Bill Maulden的是_____的。紧接的一句话揭示了本题的答案，两者都(Both men)。由此可确定两人的报导应是类似的。因而，选A。“counteracted”表示“抵制，中和，对抗 ”，plicated表示“ 复制，重复”，“ contradicted”表示“反驳，与 ... 矛盾”。17.【答案】C 【解析】本题考察逻辑搭配。空所在语境为：两者都_ 战争的丑恶，以及所带来的损耗。”由上题可知道，Pyle更加注重战争中的士兵，因而他不可能是忽略(neglected)，避免(avoided)或是钦佩(admired)战争所带来的这一些负面的东西，因而本题选C。18.【答案】B 【解析】本题由冒号后多表达的咖啡，香烟，威士忌，住的地方，还睡觉的地方，有好的觉可以睡与前面所说的前面dirt, exhaustion of war形成鲜明的对比。故选B19.【答案】B 【解析】本题考察介词的用法。空所在语境为：_ _ 印度，法国，以及其他国家，G.I. Joe可以是任何美国士兵。结合文章表达，应是对于这些人而言。因而，确定答案B。20.【答案】D【解析】本题考察逻辑搭配。空所在语境为：G.I. Joe是他们生命中最重要的人。原题四个选项分别表示on the contrary“ 正相反”； [B] by thismeans“用这种方式”；[C]fromthe outset“从一开始”；[D]atthat point表示“就那点(方面)来说”。D为最佳答案。Section II Reading Comprehension21.【答案】A【解析】文章首段首句指出“家庭作业一直不受学生，还有许多家长的欢迎，特别是到了最近几年，家庭作业还遭到了人们的不屑。”后面的内容则是简单提出美国各学区对于家庭作业的作为，引出L.A.Unified针对家庭作业所指定的政策。该题题干问的是“根据文章首段，目前家庭作业…”，关键词是家庭作业，因此答案从首句就能判断出来，题干的nowadays对应原文中的in recent years， 所选答案则是对“it has been particularly corned。”的同义改写，故答案选A。22.【答案】C【解析】文章第二段首句明确说到“这项政策的制定是为了解决贫困家庭的学生在完成家庭作业中可能遇到的困难。”这与题干所问“制定该政策的主要原因”以及“贫困学生”就对应起来了，故答案选C。23.【答案】A【解析】文章第三段第二句指出，“如果家庭作业仅占分值的10%，学生很容易少做一半的家庭作业，在他们的成绩单上也不会有什么差别。”“家庭作业仅占分值10%”这是L.A.Unified 制定出的家庭作业政策的内容，因此，从这句话可以看出有了这项政策，既然成绩单上不会有区别，学生就会选择少做一半的家庭作业，这个意思对应选项为A。24.【答案】B【解析】题干关键词“a key question unanswered ”对应第四段的首句“the policy addresses none of thetruly thorny questions about homework。”而这个问题的具体内容则是从“if”开始说明，因此这道题要解出正确答案，需要对后面的内容进行分析，“如果学区认为家庭作业对应学生的学业不重要，学区应致力于减少或者删除家庭作业，使家庭作业不起任何作用；相反，如果家庭作业重要，它应该在学业中占重要的一部分。”从这两句的内容中，我们可以简单归纳出，L.A.Unified所指定的这项政策到目前为止还未对家庭作业对于学生学业是否有重要作用给出确定答案，故答案选B。25.【答案】D【解析】这篇文章开篇指出家庭作业的弊病，随即提出美国各学区对此做出的努力，以L.A.Unified所指定的政策为例，说明这项政策在各方面的作为，如第三段末尾说“The policy imposes aflat, across-the-board rule”，第四段首句说“这项政策并未解决任何关于家庭作业的棘手问题”，看出作者对于这项政策实际是持否定态度的，因此答案B可以排除；而C选项说的是“关于家庭作业的棘手问题”，文章中虽然提到这个“棘手问题”，但并非主要阐述，最终落脚点还是在关于家庭作业的政策上面，因此C选项排除；A选项的错误在于“错误解读”，文章是对政策进行客观解读，错误的是政策本身，而非解读。D选项考生可能不选的原因在于对“approach”一词的内涵意义不够理解，approach一词本意是接近，靠近，方法，它引申出来就是策略的意思，与文章中的policy内涵一致，故答案D为正确选项。26.【答案】A【解析】题干的意思是“通过说‘粉色是彩虹中多么微小的一小部分’，作者的意思是 。根据文章第一段第三行，but作为连词表示后面的内容是对前面内容的否定，but之前的意思是说“粉色本身并不是不好”，而后买面的“such a tiny slice of”是指“是彩虹中多么微小的一部分”，由此可以得出，粉色并不代表女孩童年生活的全部。所以，选A。27.【答案】B【解析】题干是要根据文章第二段，判断哪个是对颜色理解正确的选项。根据文章第二段第一句话，前半部分是说“女孩对于粉色的关注看起来好像是不可避免的，不知怎么的，就跟存在与她们的基因里一样”，but之后是对前者的否定，所以很明显，A项是错误的。根据第二段的第7行，pink was actuallyconsidered the more masculine colour,可以得出，C选项错误。对于D选项，根据第二段第4、5行，可以得知，儿童穿白色是属于以前的情况，并非现在的事实，而D选项的时态是指一般现在时，时态不符合。根据文章8行，9行，可以得知，blue symbolisedfemininity,可以得知，蓝色曾经被认为是女孩子的颜色，符合文章题意。所以，选B。28.【答案】A【解析】题干“作者认为我们对于儿童心理发展的看法，多受____的影响。”从原文第三段的首句“我之前没有意识到，我们对孩子们所固有特性的认知深受市场趋势的支配，包括我们对他们心理发展的核心看法”，这一句可以明显看出相关儿童市场及其产品在左右人们对二年同心理发展的看法上所起的重要作用。而B、C、D均曲解了原文的意思，故本题正确答案为A29.【答案】C【解析】题干“从第4段我们可以看出，给出商店的建议是＿＿＿” 选项A“关注婴儿和稍大一些的孩子的衣服”，回顾原文，第4段第1句话讲的是“为了增加销路，厂家应该开创在婴儿衣服和稍大一些的孩子衣服之前的一些商机”，而并没说是要“关注两者的衣服”，故A错误；B“把不同性别放在同等重要的地位”，此说法原文中并未提及，原文第4段只是在最后一句说道“分割市场最简便的方法之一就是来扩大性别之间的差异性”，故B错误；D“创造一些购买者的术语”，作者只是举出了一个“购买术语”的例子，但这不是作者的建议，真正是的建议是C，故C为正确答案。30.【答案】C【解析】题干“我们能推断出，女孩们对粉色的着迷看起来是＿＿＿”文章最后两段都在探讨市场和厂家对人们看法和观念的诱导，因此C选项正合题意，其他选项都不正确。31.【答案】C【解析】文章首段首句提到“In2010, a federal judge shook America's biotech instry to its core。”，即2010年，联邦的一项决定震惊了美国的生物科技产业。 后面接着提到，这项决定是“genes wereunpatentable”，意思是与基因相关的项目不能够获得专利权，而“executives were violently agitated”，由agitated(愤怒的)可以推断出正确答案为C，即生物科技产业希望与基因相关的项目能够获得专利权。32.【答案】C【解析】文章第三段提到了反对基因相关的项目能够获得专利权的三个理由。第一个是，基因是自然的产品；第二个是，基因获得专利会压制创新；第三个是，基因专利的垄断会限制基因测试。故正确答案为C，即反对者们会认为与基因相关的专利应该更多的依赖于创新。答案A文中没有提及，答案D与反对者的第二个理由相一致，答案B属于过渡推断。33.【答案】A【解析】文章第五段中提到“Firms are now studying how genes interact, looking for correlations thatmight be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug's efficacy”，即各大公司目前正在研究基因之间的相互作用，寻找它们之间的相关性，从而通过这些相关性推断疾病产生的原因或预测药物的有效性。而Hans Sauer解释到各大公司渴望赢得专利权的原因是“connecting the dots”，这与上句话提到的“疾病之间的相互作用和相互联系”相呼应，故而选A。答案B属于偷换概念；答案C和D在文中没有提到。34.【答案】C【解析】文章最后一段提到了BIO最近要召开的一个会议。“Each meeting was packed”，这句话中的“packed”的原义为“打包，包装”，而在此句中的意思是：挤满，塞满。即会议挤满了人，从而反映了大家对基因专利的关注，故真确答案为C。答案A与题干无关；答案B属于主观臆断；答案D是干扰项，训练律师只是这次大会的一部分内容，以偏概全。35.【答案】D【解析】从整体上看，作者不仅提到了希望获得基因专利全的生物科技产业为此所作出的努力，同时也提到了反对者反对的理由，文章第四段进一步提到了基因获得专利过程中遇到的实际问题。故而，作者多基因专业的态度是客观的，即答案D。36.【答案】D【解析】题目定位在段首句。所以应该是整段意思的概括。第二句说，失业虽然很痛苦，但也从很多方面带来好处。冒号后面具体说他们从观念上，生活方式上发生了改变。所以选择D。A、B均为无关选项，C选项中说makeprofit,是侧重指获得经济利益，所以与原文不符。37.【答案】D【解析】第二句冒号后面：他们不再那么追求物质，经济上更节俭；同时意识到其他人在努力奋斗，即D选项中reconsidertheir lifestyle,重新审视他们的生活方式。A项有干扰性，但文中说“将我们从梦想中唤醒”，所以不对。B、C没有提到。38.【答案】B【解析】定位在第三段第二句开始。 接下来一句通过关键词mean-spiritedand less inclusive ，B选项正是该句的改写，故为正确答案；A属于过度推理；C、D意思明显弄反了39.【答案】D【解析】定位在第四段第三句冒号后面：高等学府的毕业生能够很快调整自身，达到未遭遇危机时的状态。D选项与之含义相符。C明显不对，“notall people graating into a recession see their life chances dimmed”表明，不是所有的毕业生都认为前途渺茫。B项无中生有。A与原文相反。40.【答案】A【解析】由最后一句可知，“they certainly will reshape it”表示困难时期的一定会对社会产生影响的，所以certain与之相符。由最后一段无法看出是positive还是destructive,所以B、D均不正确。A项是“无足轻重的”，明显不对。41.【答案】A【解析】本题答案锁定在第三自然段，第二行讲到“Petrarchbegan...highlighting the virtue of classical heroes” 即彼特拉克在他的书中强调古典英雄的美德。答案A与此是完全对应的。42.【答案】D【解析】此题定位于第三自然段第五行，重点理解词组“turn on its head” ,意思为“to change sthcompletely”，所以说尼可洛，马基雅维利的观点与彼特拉克的观点是相反的，开启了了解历史伟人的新局面。43.【答案】G【解析】此题定位于第四自然段的第四行，“Self-help as acatalogue of the worthy lives of engineers, instrialists and explorers”， 塞缪尔·斯迈尔斯在他的书《成事在己》里面讲到了工程师，实业家，探险家的有意义的生活，G与此是对应的44.【答案】C【解析】此题定位于第五自然段第三行，“these epochal figuresrepresented lives hard to imitate”，托马斯，卡莱尔描述了一些穿越苦难的划时代的人物。C对应了此答案。45.【答案】E【解析】此题定位于第六自然段第五行，“history should be thestory of the masses and their record of struggle”，答案E与此句是完全对应的。46.【参考译文】发展中国家的人们为移民忧虑时，他们通常担忧的是离开自己国家去去硅谷或发达国家的医院和大学的最优秀、最聪明的群体的前景。这些劳动者正是像英国、加拿大、澳大利亚这样的国家通过赋予受过大学教育者以特权的移民法想要吸引的人群。很多研究发现，来自发展中国家的那些受到良好教育的人们极有可能选择移居他国。2004年对印度家庭开展了一项广泛的调查，结果显示约40%的移民受过高中以上的教育。相比而言，在所有年龄超过25岁的印度人中，受过高中以上教育的人数比例只有约3.3%。“人才流失”一直困扰着贫穷国家的政策制定者们。他们担心这会对本国的经济造成损害，造成国家急需的技工的流失。这些技术人员可能曾在他们的大学教学，也可能曾在他们的医院工作，或者曾经构想出智能化的新产品让他们的工厂去生产。【解析】今年翻译话题是贫穷国家的人才流失问题，话题内容比较好理解，从而在很大程度上降低了翻译的难度。但还是有几个地方有的同学可能会比较困惑。1)文章第一句的主句需要我们去认真思考下。“they are usually concerned at the prospect of their best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in the developed world”这句话中concern at 的宾语是prospect。看到“of”我们要立即想到“A of B”翻译为“B的A”在这里，A指的就是“prospect”，关键就是找出B指代的是什么。而这一点恰恰是本句理解的难点B指的是 “their best and brightest”翻译为 “他们中最优秀、最聪明的(群体)”。2) 第一段第二句话关键在于对两个that引导的从句的理解。第一个that从句作定语修饰workers，第二个that作定语修饰rules。这里是考研英语中经常出现的一个考点：从句的嵌套。对于这样的句子我们的关键在于准确找到先行词，根据一个句子如果有N个连词就必定有N+1个动词的原则来切分开长句。3)“brain drain” 这个词组是在报刊杂志中经常出现的，意思是“人才流失”。这个词语通过上下文逻辑应该能大概猜出它的意思，但是在考研考场上，尤其是在完成了阅读和作文后很多同学可能已经耗费了大量的体力和脑力，对于这个单词的猜测可能会很费力，甚至会放弃。这个说明我们再平时的学习过程中应该注意积累这样的热点词汇。4)“They fear that it hurts their economies, depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who”对于这个句子的理解关键在于对于“depriving”之后成分在句子结构中作用的理解。Deprive本意是剥夺，在这里很显然不适合直译。我们根据逻辑关系可以翻译为“技工的流失”。“clever”这个单词很简单，同学们都认识，在这里翻译为“聪明的”很显然说不通，clever除了“聪明的”还有“精巧”之意，再结合这里说的是技术工人的重要性，我们可以翻译为“智能的”Section IV Writing47.小作文【参考范文】Dear Sir or Madam,I am writing this letter to make a complaint about the quality of the electronic dictionary I bought from your store the other day。The reason for my dissatisfaction is that I found the electronic dictionary can’t reach my satisfaction. In the first place, the outlook is quite different from what it is placed online. In addition, the number of the vocabulary contained in it is too small. I’d like to buy an electronic dictionary with a large vocabulary。I appreciate it very much if you could change another satisfying one for me. And I would like to have this matter settled by next Friday. Thank you for your consideration and I will be looking forward to your favorable reply。Yours sincerely,Zhang Wei48.大作文【参考范文】Here demonstrates a table with regard to the degree of satisfaction on work of staff in a company ranging from three different age groups, under 40, 40 to 50, and above 50 respectively. Specifically speaking, people in their forties are least satisfied with their present work situation at the rate of 64.0%. In comparison, people over 50 are most satisfied with their current situation at 40.0%. A noticeable figure is that half the staff under the age of 40 have no idea about their conditions。There prove to be a number of reasons accounting for it. First and foremost, it has something to do with the structure of staff’s age, especially with their working and life experience in which they play a pivotal role. What is more, this social issue is likely to be intertwined with the organization of the company where they serve。In line with my personal thinking, there are two major factors that should be taken into account seriously. On one hand, the general people concerned should enhance their awareness in this respect. What is more, the relevant company should increase the benefits for their employees. Only if these measures are adopted effectively can people work in peace and content and companies benefit most。
莫不入焉考研英语二咋复习，掌握方法分分钟逆袭！
俗话说“得阅读者得天下”，而在考研英语二的复习中中，阅读是最费时费力的一个题型，也直接影响到考试成绩。所以，掌握正确的阅读方法至关重要。今天，小编就帮大家整理了一些考研英语二阅读复习的方法，希望大家都能有所收获。一、答题顺序很重要考研英语二的阅读理解题每篇有五个选项，一般情况下五个题目的顺序是按照文章的顺序逐段出题，两者是对应的，但是在英语二的考察中，跳段的情况却比较多，在2011和2012年的最初两年真题中均有体现，大家应该做到心中有数。但是按先后顺序来命题的规律还是明显的。比较例外的是文章主旨题，大部分的主旨句是在文章末端才出现，或者文章开始的主旨句恰好是文章要驳斥的观点，所以需要考生将此题目放置最后一题，通读全文后才能解答。二、详略得当考研英语二阅读的文章都很长，读起来会浪费不少时间，如下内容是可以选择性跳读的：也就是说如下内容在把控整体意思的时候可以得到一定的省略，(1)有关职务、头衔、社会地位等补充性说明；(2)句中破折号后提供的旁支信息；(3)复杂的难句中除了主、谓、宾以外的其他辅助信息(除非与解题有关)；(4)例子、对名人言论的引用的具体内容可以先不读，而只读前面的观点或总结句。三、做到尽力精读考研是一场选拔性的考试，考生应当明白大纲的要求，以及与以往英语考试不同的地方。考研英语二阅读最大的一个特点就是对文章的理解程度的要求非常之高。没有读懂文章势必是做不好题目的，甚至有的同学深有体会的一点是：即便读懂了文章，题目也不一定做对。由此可见，考研阅读真心难。但是所有的题目一定基于一点，那就是无论怎么样，力求理解，才有可能。因此，精读就变得越来越重要。精读是一种态度，更是一种方法。尤其对于考研的学生在做阅读时更为适用。不仅仅是读懂文章即可，还要读懂题干，选项甚至是能够讲选项与文章细节进行转换。想取得更好的成绩还需要读懂全文的结构，作者的写作思路等等。当然，除了找对正确的阅读方法之外，你还要先扫除词汇和语法障碍，只有基础扎实了，所谓的技巧才有发挥的空间。基础薄弱的考生可以用《考研圣经》来恶补基础，这本考研英语二真题书对历年的真题文章进行了特别细致的讲解：书中一字一句地分析真题文章。对句子中出现的重难点词汇详细注释，包括词根词缀、常用词组、例句等，对句子的语法结构也进行了详细解析，还是分层图解，看起来清晰直观，适合补基础。免去了大家查词典和语法书的麻烦，总之重视恶补基础，很适合基础较弱的人使用。如果觉得英语二题少，可以先做英一的《考研真相》，两本是一个系列，讲解的详细程度都是一样的。复习英二要做到分清主次，重点内容重点复习，精做真题固然浪费时间，但是得到的好处也是意想不到的。
张骞考研英语、数学、政治科目历年平均分数解析，你达标了吗？
时光飞逝，目前已经到了十月底，2020年考研，已经剩下不到两个月的时间了，不知大家复习的情况如何，为了方便大家检验自己的复习情况，小编整理了考研公共科目（数学和英语，政治）历年平均分数，因为每个人的基础不一样，目标不一致，因而无法进行总体定论，仅供大家参考。英语对于报考经管类专业的考生来讲，英语专业重要性不言而喻，因为经管类每年的英语国家线都很高，以至于每年都有很多人英语单科受限。此外报考自主划线高校的考生也要重视英语科目的学习，因为自主划线往往致使很多人英语和数学受限，根据近年来英语科目平均分数来看，英语一科目难度还是比较大的，平均分基本上在50分上下，极容易出现单项短板。相对而言，英语二难度略小，历年平均分均在50分以上，考虑到初试选择英语二科目的考生，整体英语水平低于考试英语一科目考生，实际难度系数差别比平均分差距还要大一些。英语数学数学是最常见的公共科目，考研数学难度系数也比较高，此外，由于科目分值较高，很容易拉开差距，目前考研数学区分为数学一、数学二以及数学三，难度系数数学一最大，之前数学二难度系数最小，最近几年难度有所加大，平均分数已经开始低于数学三，数学一科目平均分稳定在60-80分，但是很多985高校经常将单科分数线划至90分，对于报考这些高校的同学压力不小，当然数学科目分值很大，如果数学分数较低，总分也很难达标。数学政治对于考研政治，最近几年并未公开平均成绩，比较早的数据有2011年（58.21分），2012年（57.29分），2013年（59.68分），2014年（59.28分），2015年（57.71分），2016年（58.98分），2017年（57.02分），可以看出，总体还是比较稳定的，平均分始终维持在57-60分之间，并无太大波动，相对英语科目，考研政治科目的难度要小很多，复习提高明显，目前距离考试时间已经不太多了，政治科目已经可以开始加大力度复习了，尤其是时事政治。但考研政治科目总体得分情况差距不大，企图通过政治科目拉升总分也不太现实，想要提高总分，还是要靠数学和专业科目。国家线专业科目考研专业科目，由于多数属于自主命题，所以无法总体评论，有的院校试卷难度较大，考生总体得分情况不理想，这在各个考生之间是公平的，但是如果考生无法进入面试阶段，想要调剂，这种情况就比较尴尬了，请广大考生一定要留意。最后，还是要提醒广大考生，一定要认真做好复习计划，按照计划稳步推进，坚持到底，切勿半途而废，在此也预祝大家最终都能取得理想的成绩。
笨小孩对啊网英语课程：2021年考研英语有多难？
2020年12月26日下午，考研英语考试正式结束。考试刚一结束，“考研英语难”这个话题就立马冲上了热搜。很多同学纷纷反馈考研英语今年难出了新高度，一度怀疑是不是拿错了试卷，有的同学甚至调侃说考研英语二考的是英语一的题，考研英语一考的是英语专八的题。那么今年考研英语的难度到底如何呢？真的像大家说的那样难吗？还是只是各位考生给自己找的借口？大部分同学表示，今年的考研英语可能是近十年内最难的一次了，甚至超过了2010年考研英语的难度。备考过考研英语的考生应该都知道，“文化火锅”是当年的考研英语大作文，这一主题难倒了众多考生，有些同学甚至都不知道火锅该怎么写。而对于2021年的考研英语，很多考生反映阅读非常难，尤其是最后两篇常规阅读，有很多单词都不认识，并且出现了大量专有名词，而且就算能大概看懂文章意思，但还是不知道该选哪个。最令人印象深刻的就是英语一第四篇阅读中的FCC（Federal Communications Commission，美国联邦通讯委员会），很多同学的第一反应居然是“范丞丞”，不得不佩服同学们的脑洞。翻译也是比较难的，大部分考生反馈很多单词都认识，但是放在一起就不知道是在表达什么意思，更别提写译文了。很多去参加考研英语考试的老师都在说，今年的题确实很难。不过客观来讲，纵观整套试卷，今年考研英语的情况可以简单概括为十个字：题目中规中矩，难度有所提升。我们先来看看今年考研英语试卷的整体特点：1. 主题、题型与往年一致本次考研英语考试虽然比以往难，但是并没有出现非常偏或者非常怪的题。所有考试题目基本都在同学们的能力范围内，而且也是比较常考的话题。比如今年英语一的小作文，考的是建议信。从历年考试情况来看，小作文中建议信的考查频率最高，在2007年、2009年、2012年和2014年都曾考到过。由此可以看出，不管是图画作文，还是建议信，考的都是常见的题目，并没有出现所谓的“新”题，只是出题的角度或者主题有所变化，但是考查的重点和本质是没有变的。所以同学们一定要把真题研究透彻，掌握真题的考试规律，就算遇到难题也可以迎刃而解。2. 注重考查语言基础词汇是英语学习的基础，虽然考研英语中没有直接的词汇题，但单词依旧是重中之重。从这次考研英语中的阅读就可以看出，文章里出现了很多难词、生词以及专有名词。不认识单词是做不出题的罪魁祸首之一，所以平日里打好词汇的基础是至关重要的。长难句是考研英语的另一个重难点，能看懂长难句才能读懂文章、翻译句子。从今年英语一的翻译题目来看，仍旧是保持了以往翻译的风格——长难句出题。而且令同学们更头疼的是，明明感觉单词都认识，但就是翻译不出来，这就是不会分析句子导致的。所以同学们考前一定要打好基础，考场上保持头脑冷静，才能做到临危不乱。3. “反押题”风格明显每年考试前，各大机构的押题仿佛已经成了惯例。众所周知，考研考试的各种主题或考点都是比较新颖的，而今年的押题也集中在了几个比较热门的话题上，例如新冠疫情、奉献、合作等。但根据这次的考试情况来看，考题在一定程度上回避了这些比较热门的话题。所以2022年及以后备考的考生需要注意：押题只是一种手段，绝对不能只依靠押题来得分，最重要的还是打好基础。今年的考研英语确实是很难的，但是对于考生来说也不要太过丧气，有的时候你觉得没有考好只是个人感觉罢了。况且就算英语很难，那么相应的大家都会觉得难，最终国家线也会下降的，只要能过国家线，一切就都还有机会，所以千万不要放弃。对于备考2022的考生来说，复习规划要注意以下几点：1、确定好整体目标和阶段目标；2、循序渐进地去完成每个阶段的目标，可以适时作出调整；3、把握好时间，调整好心态，尽早开始备考。同学们自己进行长时间的学习是需要很大毅力的，尤其是备考考研这种比较有难度的考试，打好基础是一方面，掌握各种解题技巧才会让你事半功倍。
陆贾考研英语二阅读精读分析｜美国大学的忧伤
01 文章脉络分析引出主题：美国绝大多数大学进行远程授课，但部分学生希望返校上课，因为在家学习效率不高，而且学校说不定比家更安全（Para.1&2） ↓此次疫情会加剧大部分院校的财务危机，规模较大的大学还能维持运转，但小一些的学校压力很大，很可能会破产（Para. 3&4）↓破产的学校往往依赖于学费这一个进项，但入学率连年下降，还有不少新生退学；出现这一现象，一方面是因为人口出生率下降，另一方面是因为这些学校教学方法落后（Para. 5&6）↓ 非白人学生较多的学校更不稳定，会有大批倒闭（Para. 7） ↓由于学生越来越倾向市区的大规模大学，位置较偏且规模较小的学校很快会被淘汰或者被整合（Para. 8）疫情也加速了这一过程。受出行禁令的影响，且不少人担忧美国治疫不力，外籍留学生的比例会进一步下滑（Para. 9） 同时因为经济衰退，家境贫困的本土学生很可能会放弃读大学，各州政府的教育补助也会大幅缩水，联邦的援助资金也是杯水车薪（Para. 10）↓此外，不少学校还面临着学生的诉讼，被要求退还学费。综上，美国大学面临着巨大的挑战（Para. 11）02 原文精读分析Could a fifth of America’s colleges really facethe chop?美国五分之一的高等院校是否能经受住此次淘汰危机？【Para.1】Martyna Malecka, acriminologystudent at Stonehill College,can’t wait for classes to restart in August. Her campus in Easton, Massachusetts, “feels like a village”: its elegant redbrick buildingssprawlover 384bucolicacres. She judges time spent there less of a coronavirus risk than staying at home in Chicago.玛蒂娜·马雷卡(Martyna Malecka) 就读于美国石山学院犯罪学专业，已迫不及待地想要迎接 8 月份的开学。她所在的校区位于马萨诸塞州的伊斯顿，“给人一种村庄的感觉”：校园内遍布着雅致的红砖建筑，总共占地 384 英亩；建筑周围则是一片田园景 象。玛蒂娜认为，呆在学校要比呆在芝加哥的家里更安全，感染新冠的概率更小。blues n. (pl.) a feeling of depression or deep unhappiness 忧郁 (习语 the blues)the chop n. (BrE, informal) the cancellation or abolition of something 取消；废止all these projects are destined for the chop. 所有这些工程注定要被取消the dismissal of someone from employment 解雇hundreds more workers have been given the chop. 又有几百名工人被解雇。criminology n. [ U ] the scientific study of crime and criminals 犯罪学sprawl v. If you say that a place sprawls, you mean that it covers a large area of land. 延伸The State Recreation Area sprawls over 900 acres on the southern tip of Key Biscayne.州立休闲区占地九百多英亩，地处基·比斯坎南端。（表达建筑占地面积的时候可以使用这个动词）bucolic a. /bjuklk/ ( literary ) connected with the countryside or country life 乡村的；乡村生活的；田园的【Para.2】Universities everywhere have madevaliantefforts to function remotely. A few, such as California State University, say they will continue teaching only online next year. Ms Malecka doubts that distance study works. She gets top marks, but laughingly admits she has “no idea” what she has learned after being at home since March. It is too easy to ignorelecturerswho appear by video, she says, and some hardly set assignments. Like other students, families and faculty, she cravesin-person learning.世界各地的大学都为远程运作作出了顽强的努力。一些学校，如加州州立大学，表示他们明年将继续只进行在线教学。然而，玛蒂娜很怀疑远程学习是否行得通。她能拿到高分，但却戏谑地承认自己其实并“不是很清楚”自 3 月以来在家到底学了些什么。她谈道，视频授课的讲师很容易被学生忽视，而且有些老师几乎不布置作业。与其他学生、家长和教师一样，玛蒂娜渴望面对面上课。valiant a. A valiant action is very brave and determined, though it may lead to failure or defeat. 顽强的（英勇的；勇敢的；果敢的；坚定的）Despite valiant efforts by the finance minister, inflation rose to 36%. 尽管这位财政部长作了顽强的努力，通货膨胀率还是升到了 36%。She made a valiant attempt not to laugh. 她试图强忍住不笑出来。lecturer n. (especially in Britain) a person who teaches at a university or college （尤指英国大学的）讲师He's a lecturer in French at Oxford. 他是牛津大学的法语讲师。crave v. to have a very strong desire for sth 渴望；热望SYN long for[ VN ] She has always craved excitement. 她总渴望刺激。【Para.3】Whether or not universitiesget backquicklytothat, many are likely to suffer. Stonehill is private and Catholic, with 2,500 students and a $200mendowment. It looksin good shape, but many similar liberal-arts colleges, especially in the northeast and Midwest, are not. Their problems arelong-standing. Nathan Grawe of Carleton College in Minnesota, who researches demography and higher ecation, says the core difficulty is theslipping fertility rate. Overall enrolment has drifted downover the past few years.但不管各个大学是否会迅速回归线下授课，许多院校都可能要经历一番磨难。石山大学是一所私立天主教学校，拥有 2500 名学生和 2 亿美元的资助基金，看上去运转良好。但在许多与它类似的文理学院，尤其是位于美国东北部和中西部的文理学院，情况却并非如此。这些学校有许多问题由来已久。明尼苏达州卡尔顿学院的内森·格劳（Nathan Grawe）从事人口统计学和高等教育研究，他认为，核心问题是美国生育率不断下滑，因此，过去几年里，美国大学入学总人数也有所下降。get back to sth/doing… phrase If you get back to an activity, you start doing it again after you have stopped doing it. 重新开始I think I ought to get back to work. 我想我应该重新开始工作了。If you get back to someone, you contact them again after a short period of time, often by telephone. (常指通过电话) 再联系We'll get back to you as soon as possible. 我们将尽快再跟你联系。endowment n. [ C U ] money that is given to a school, a college or another institution to provide it with an income; the act of giving this money 捐款；捐赠；资助in good shape phrase If someone or something is in shape, or in good shape, they are in a good state of health or in a good condition. If they are in bad shape, they are in a bad state of health or in a bad condition. (身体、物体) 处于（良好/不良）状况He was still in better shape than many young men. 他依然比许多年轻人都健康。Generally, if a company has lots of assets relative to liabilities, it's in good shape.一般来说，一家公司如果资产丰厚，而债务相对较少，它的运营状况就很好。long-standing a. A long-standing situation has existed for a long time. 长期存在的They are on the brink of resolving their long-standing dispute over money. 他们即将要解决彼此之间为时已久的金钱争议。slipping a. 不断下降的，退步的slip v. to fall to a lower level; to become worse 下降；退步；变差His popularity has slipped recently. 近来他已不如过去那样受欢迎fertility rate n. 生育率；人口出生率drift down v. 缓慢下降 How can banks be expected to lend more to re-inflate the economy's asset prices while wages and consumer prices continue to drift down? 当工资和消费持续下落，怎么还能指望银行借出更多钱，再通胀经济体内的资产价值？【Para.4】 This squeezes smaller colleges hardest. A study by ParthenonEY, an ecucation consultancy, of over 2,000 colleges suggested 800 are so small or inefficient that they maygo bust. Around one-fifthrun budget deficits. Others pile up debts, fail to build sufficient endowments or sustain student numbers only by agreeing topainfullybig discounts on fees. Mr Grawe points out that eight colleges were already closing each year before the pandemic.这一局面下，规模较小的大学受到的压力最大。教育咨询公司 Parthenon-EY 对 2000 多所大学进行了一项研究，结果表明，有 800 所大学规模太小或效率太低，很可能破产。约五分之一的 院校存在预算赤字。其它学校或债台高筑，或无力筹足基金，又 或单凭大幅降低学费来勉强维持学生数量。格劳先生指出，在新冠大流行之前，每年倒闭的大学就有 8 所。go bust v. = go bankrupt 破产 We lost our money when the travel company went bust . 旅行社破产，我们的钱都赔了进去。run budget deficits phrase 出现、实行预算赤字 Morgan expects even Singapore's government to run a budget deficit this year and next. 摩根预计，就连新加坡政府今明两年也会出现预算赤字。painfully adv. extremely, and in a way that makes you feel annoyed, upset, etc. 非常地；令人痛苦地；令人烦恼地Progress has been painfully slow . 进度慢得令人焦急。【Para.5】Those that fail are usually small, among the 40% of higherecation institutions with fewer than 1,000 students. In the past decade these have seen enrolments slip faster than medium-sized ones. (The biggest typically still thrive.) Of the 72 colleges Parthenon found had shut since 2007, almost every one was small. They are vulnerable because they depend most on revenue from students; others find ways tohire outcampuses for conferences, raise research funds, earnbequestsand thelike.这些破产的大学往往规模很小，且属于美国高等院校中学生人数不达 1000 人的 40%院校之列。过去十年，它们招生人数下滑速度超过中等院校。(当然，最大的几所学校通常仍能不断壮大。) Parthenon 发现有 72 所大学在 2007 后纷纷倒闭，其中几乎每一所规模都不大。它们之所以如此脆弱，是因为极其依赖学生缴 纳的学费进项；另一些学校则通过把校园出租给会议举办方、筹集研究资金、争取他人遗赠等方法来增加收入。hire out v. If you hire out a person's services, you allow them to be used in return for payment. 出租...employment agencies which hire out personnel to foreign companies. …向外国公司出租人员的职业介绍所。bequest n. ( formal ) money or property that you ask to be given to a particular person when you die 遗产； 遗赠He left a bequest to each of his grandchildren. 他给他的孙辈每人留下一笔遗产。like n. [ sing. ] a person or thing that is similar to another 类似的人（或物）（注意词性；复习）jazz, rock and the like (= similar types of music) 爵士乐、摇滚乐以及诸如此类的音乐a man whose like we shall not see again 我们再也不会见到的那种男人【Para.6】Robert Zemsky of the University of Pennsylvania, who co-wrote a recent book on the growingwoesof universities, expects a “collapse, lots of closures” of smaller colleges, notably in the wider Midwest. He blames both demography and teaching methods that do not suit some students, noting how, at many universities, more than a quarter of freshmen quit in their first year. Curriculums, he says, areoutdated, faculty areout of touchand four-year degrees should be cut to three to save costs and force arethinkof higher ecation.宾夕法尼亚大学的罗伯特·泽姆斯基(Robert Zemsky)最近与人合写了一本书，着眼于美国大学日益严峻的困境。他预计规模较小的大学将会“破产，大量关门”，尤其是在更为广阔的中西部地区。他把这归咎于美国人口结构和不适合部分学生的教学方法，特别提到在许多大学，超过四分之一的新生是怎么会在第一学年就退学的。泽姆斯基表示，很多学校课程过时，教师们与学 生脱节，而且 4 年制的学位课程应该削减到 3 年制，以节省教育成本，促使人们重新考虑高等教育。woes n.[ pl. ] the troubles and problems that sb has 麻烦；问题；困难financial woes 财政困难Thanks for listening to my woes. 谢谢您听我诉说不幸的遭遇outdated a. no longer useful because of being oldfashioned 过时的；陈旧的outdated equipment 过时的设备out of touch phrase If you are out of touch with someone, you have not been in contact with them recently and are not familiar with their present situation. 不联系的；与……脱节James and I have been out of touch for years. 我和詹姆斯已经多年没有联系了。rethink n. If you have a rethink of a problem, a plan or a policy, you think about it again and change it. 重新考虑a radical rethink of company policy 对公司规划的彻底反思【Para.7】Among the most vulnerable colleges are those that cater mostly to non-white students. “African-Americans are more than two times as likely to attend an institution at risk, compared with whites andHispanics,” he says. Crystal Nix-Hines, a lawyer in Los Angeles who specialises in the ecation sector, also expects an “enormouswinnowing” of historically black colleges.最岌岌可危的要数那些主要招收非白人学生的大学。泽姆斯基谈 道:“与白人和拉美裔相比，非裔美国人有两倍多的概率会去这 些高风险的大学。”洛杉矶律师克里斯特尔·尼克斯-海因斯(Crystal Nix-Hines)专门负责教育相关的案子，他也预测这些历 来以黑人为主的大学会面临一场“大洗牌”。Hispanic n. A Hispanic is someone who is Hispanic. 拉美裔美国人About 80 percent of Hispanics here are U.S. citizens. 这里约 80%的拉美裔美国人是美国公民。winnowing n. 筛选；遴选winnow v. If you winnow a group of things or people, you rece its size by separating the ones that are useful or relevant from the ones that are not. 筛选; 遴选Administration officials have winnowed the list of candidates to three. 行政官员将候选人名单筛减到三人。【Para.8】Consolidation of higher ecation isovere. Students increasingly prefer bigger and more urban institutions, so some smaller, rural ones will go. How many? Just before the pandemic, Mr Zemsky and his co-authors suggested that 10% of colleges would eventually close. He now expects 20% to shut ormerge withothers.高等院校整合来得有些晚。学生们越来越偏向更大、更市区化的学校，因此一些规模较小、位置偏远的学校将被淘汰。至于具体 数字，在大流行发生之前，泽姆斯基和他的合著者预计最终会有10%的大学倒闭。而现在，他预计，将有 20%倒闭或并入其他院校。overe a. If you say that a change or an event is overe, you mean that you think it should have happened before now. 早该发生的This debate is long overe. 这场辩论早就应该进行了。overe reforms 迟来的改革A book like this is long overe . 像这样的书早就该有人出版了。merge v. ~ (with/into) sth~ A with B~ A and B (together) to combine or make two or more things combine to form a single thing （使）合并，结合，并入His department will merge with mine. 他的部门将和我的合并。 【Para.9】The pandemic furtherdimstheir prospects in several ways. Take universities’ efforts to recruit foreign students, who typically pay full fees. For each of the past three years, enrolments of foreign undergraates haveslid. A drop in Chinese studentsexplainsmuch of that. Travel bans and concern that America hasbungledthe coronavirus will only put offmore.大流行从多个角度打击了这些学校，使它们的前景更为暗淡。以各个大学想法设法招收外国学生为例（这些学生通常要支付全额学费），过去三年里，每年外籍大学生的入学人数都在下滑。中国学生人数的下降基本说明了出现下滑的原因。旅行限制和对美国在新冠上应对不力的担忧只会让更多中国留学生望而却步。dim vt./vi. If your future, hopes, or emotions dim or if something dims them, they become less good or less strong. 使变暗淡; 变暗淡Their economic prospects have dimmed. 他们的经济前景变得暗淡了。slide v. ~ (from...) (to...) to become graally lower or of less value 逐渐降低；贬值Shares slid to a 10-year low. 股价跌到了 10 年来的最低点。explain v. ~ sth (to sb) to give a reason, or be a reason, for sth 说明（…的）原因；解释（…的）理由Well, that doesn't explain why you didn't phone. 嗳，那不是你不打电话的理由。Oh well then, that explains it (= I understand now why sth happened) . 噢，原来是这么回事。bungle v. to do sth badly or without skill; to fail at sth 笨拙地做；失败They bungled the job. 他们把活儿搞糟了。a bungled robbery/raid/attempt 未遂的抢劫╱袭击╱尝试put off v. If something puts you off something, it makes you dislike it, or decide not to do or have it. 使反感; 使 对…失去兴趣(之前在沃尔玛那一篇中有提到过，Collins 对这一用法进行了更详细的归纳)The high divorce figures don't seem to be putting people off marriage. 高离婚率好像并没有使人们对婚姻望而却步。His personal habits put them off. 他的个人习惯让他们反感。 【Para.10】The economic slump means some poorer families will not send youngsters to study. Others will delay. Funding from states for public universities is certain to fall. A report by Pew Charitable Trusts published on May 18th points out that states cut funds for higher ecation by 29% per student between 2008 and 2012. This time the slump is likely to be worse. Already Nevada and Ohio say they have plans to cut. The University of Michigan has talked oflosing outon $1bn. Federal spending will rise ($14bn in emergency help went to universities and students under the Cares Act), but is unlikely to make up all the shortfall.而随之而来的经济衰退意味着一些较为拮据的家庭将不会考虑送孩子去上大学。还有一些家庭会延迟入学计划。各州对公立大学的资助必然会下降。皮尤慈善信托基金（Pew Charitable Trusts）5 月 18 日发布的一份报告指出，2008 年至 2012 年间， 各州生均高等教育经费支出就已削减了 29%。而此次经济衰退 大概率会更加严重。内华达州和俄亥俄州已经表示，他们有削减这方面开支的计划。密歇根大学(University of Michigan)也谈 到过要损失 10亿美元。虽然联邦政府对大学的资金援助将会增加 (依据《CARES 法案》，将有 140 亿美元用于对各个大学和学生的紧急援助)，但不太可能弥补所有的缺口。lose out (on sth) v. 损失…；输掉Their family would lose out on 30 years of earnings. 那么他们家庭将会损失 30 年的收入。shortfall n. If there is a shortfall in something, there is less of it than you need. 不足The government has refused to make up a $30,000 shortfall in funding. 政府已经拒绝补足 3 万美元的资金短缺。【Para.11】Finally, many universities face possibly costly legal trouble.Ms Nix-Hines counted 134lawsuits, mostlyclass-actionones, leviedagainst the “wholegamut” of private and public colleges by late May, mostly as students sought the return of tuition fees, saying they received asubstandardservice online.Some colleges might now seek a “liability shield” to protect against futureprosecutionsbefore they reopen. For universities, it all adds up to “their greatest challenge in history”, she says. That may soundalarmist, but it is probably true.最后，许多大学还可能面临天价官司。据尼克斯-海恩斯统计，截止到 5 月底，状告“全体”私立和公立大学的诉讼共有 134 份，其中大部分是集体诉讼，起诉的原因主要是大学生们提出他们在网上受到的课程服务低于标准，要求学校退还学费。目前，一些大学也许会寻求“责任护盾”来抵抗任何在复课前可能会出现的起诉。尼克斯-海恩斯称，对于大学来说，所有这些叠加在一起，构成了“它们有史以来的最大挑战”。这听起来可能有点危言耸听，但情况大概率就是这样。lawsuit n. a claim or complaint against sb that a person or an organization can make in court 诉讼；起诉 He filed a lawsuit against his record company. 他对给他录制唱片的公司提起了诉讼。class action n. a type of lawsuit that is started by a group of people who have the same problem 集体诉讼levy v. to use legal authority to demand and collect (a fine, a tax, etc.) 使用合法权力要求和收取(罚款、税金等)SYN-imposeThey levied a tax on imports. 他们对进口货征税。The government will levy a fine on the company. 政府将对该公司征收罚款。gamut n. /'gmt/the complete range of a particular kind of thing 全部；全范围The network will provide the gamut of computer services to your home. 这个网络将为家庭提供全方位的计算机服务。substandard a. A substandard service or proct is unacceptable because it is below a required standard.低于标准的Residents in general are poor and underecated, and live in substandard housing. 居民一般都很穷、受教育程度低，而且居住条件很差。prosecution n. the process of trying to prove in court that sb is guilty of a crime (= of prosecuting them) ; the process of being officially charged with a crime in court（被）起诉，检举；诉讼Prosecution for a first minor offence rarely leads to imprisonment. 因初犯轻罪被控者很少被判监禁。alarmist a. ( disapproving ) causing unnecessary fear and anxiety 危言耸听的；骇人的A spokesperson for the food instry said the TV programme was alarmist. 食品业的一位发言人说这个电视节目危言耸听。
九龙佩2021考研英语二怎么复习？
英语二得高分的关键就是真题但是英语二的真题又比较少，很多同学都很疑问英语二要不要做英语一的题？下面具体从两个的区别详细的给大家说说1. 先从考研大纲来看 从以上考研大纲的要求来看，英语二相对来说比英语一更为简单一些，整体文章的难度要低一点。2. 从真题的实际题型情况来看综合来看，英语一和英语二除了新题型，翻译和作文的题型有所区别之外，核心考察的知识点都是差不多的，只是相比较而言，英语一更有难度而已。所以考英语二的同学是完全可以做英语一的真题，锻炼阅读思维，摸清初阅读的出题套路！那么英语二到底应该怎么复习呢？（敲重点）基础阶段一月—三月如果英语基础比较差的同学：寒假期间建议使用红宝书，从必考词开始背，每天至少背25+的单词，养成背单词的习惯，晚上睡前复盘一下，遮住中文，看着英文想中文如果过了四级的同学：建议这个期间使用恋练有词/新东方绿皮乱序过一遍考研词汇，建议第一个月每天背50+，筛选标记出自己不熟悉的单词，后面就重点背标记的单词巩固阶段四月任务一：做英语一2004年—2008年全年的真题阅读理解。建议用张剑黄皮书或者考研真题（PS：英二前期就用英一的阅读真题来作为练习）最有效的阅读理解学习方法就是一句一句的死抠句子，每一句都分析其中涉及的语法、单词和固定搭配，只要按照方法每天分析两到三段阅读理解文章。逐句翻译，两个月绝对见效，如果这样坚持下去到12月，英二六七十分是非常容易的事情。任务二：长难句，基础比较差的资料可以用田静的句句真研，配合“懒人长难句”每日一句视频练习（教你如何翻译通顺，一词多义怎么看，如何在学习长难句的时候背单词，记语法，拆分句子）五月任务一：做英语一2009年——2014年全年的真题阅读理解。建议用张剑黄皮书或者考研真题（PS：前期就用英一的阅读真题来作为练习）任务二：把历年来的真题作文范文的词组分类整理下来。六月任务一：做英语一2015年——2018年全年的真题阅读理解。建议用张剑黄皮书或者考研真题任务二：把历年来的真题作文范文的词组分类整理下来。强化阶段（开始英二真题）七月任务一：精做英语一2001年—2014年真题阅读理解。建议用张剑黄皮书或者考研真相（预留两三年真题在最后十二月），重点了解文章中不熟悉的单词和词组，精翻答案附近的长难句为了避免二次痕迹，建议用铅笔写或者复印一份任务二：把历年来的真题作文的词组摘抄下来任务三：翻译题，资料可以用唐静的拆分与组合，懒人长难句视频八月任务一：精做英语二2015年—2017年全年的真题阅读理解。建议用张剑黄皮书或者考研真题（预留两三年真题在最后十二月），重点了解文章中不熟悉的单词和词组，精翻答案附近的长难句为了避免二次痕迹，建议用铅笔写或者复印一份任务二：把历年来的真题作文的词组摘抄下来任务三：翻译题，资料可以用唐静的拆分与组合，懒人长难句视频九月任务一：分题型做英语二2010年——2014年真题的阅读，新题型，翻译，作文，做完总结各板块的出题套路任务二：分经济类（2010、2011、2014），教育类（2013），环境类，社会热点类（2012）整理作文框架任务三：不做真题的时候集中刷2010之前英语一的完型填空，摘抄完型中不熟悉的单词以及固定搭配十月任务一：分题型做英语二2015年—2017年的阅读，新题型，翻译，作文，做完总结各板块的出题套路任务二：不做真题的时候重点刷2010-2017年的完形填空，摘抄完型中不熟悉的单词以及固定搭配任务三：分经济类（2015），教育类，环境类，社会热点类（2016.2017）整理作文框架冲刺阶段十一月任务一：每三天下午（14：-17：00）定时做英语二（2010-2014）的真题，包括涂答题卡，做完之后标记出真题中不认识的单词，阅读错题原因，翻译中的词组以及作文框架任务二：不做真题的时候，分题型查漏补缺，重点补小三项，最后阶段阅读很难拔高了，完型，新题型，翻译集中复习，梳理做题规律，反倒有机会大幅度提分任务三：一个月至少6次大作文练习，套上自己的整理的模板巩固练习十二月任务一：每三天下午（14：-17：00）定时做英语二（2015-2020）的真题，包括涂答题卡，做完之后标记出真题中不认识的单词，阅读错题原因，翻译中的词组以及作文框架任务二：不做真题的第二天，英语复习时间控制在2个半小时，两天写一篇大作文，每天背真题中不熟悉的单词和词组以及作文范文中的词组任务三：不做真题的第三天，英语复习控制在2个小时内，两天写一篇小作文，每天做真题中2-3个长难句练习以及真题中不熟悉的单词！查漏补缺
慕尼黑考研英语二大作文终极押题
2021年度研究生入学考试临近，每逢此时，英语大作文的押题预测便牵动着无数考生的心，虽然同学们平时也有复习积累，但是如果能对当年作文题目推测一二，复习时便可更加有的放矢，提升效率。下面，笔者通过分析英语二大作文历年话题，来预测一下今年的命题方向。首先，我们先来梳理一下英语二大作文历年考查话题。2010年：Mobile-phonesubscriptions（发达国家、发展中国家）2011年：2008、2009年国内轿车市场部分品牌市场份额示意图2012年：某公司员工工作满意度调查（不同年龄段）2013年：某高校学生兼职情况2014年：20年间中国城镇人口乡村人口变化图2015年：我国某市居民春节假期花销比例2016年：某高校学生旅游目的调查2017年：2013-2015我国博物馆数量和参观人数2018年：某市消费者选择餐厅时的关注因素2019年：某高校2013年和2018年本科生毕业去向统计2020年：某高校学生手机阅读目的调查通过以上题目可知，除了2010年比较特殊之外，自2011年起，英语二大作文的命题范围始终围绕着两类人群，分别是居民的生活和娱乐消费，以及高校学生的就业及休闲，非常的接地气。由于2019和2020年已经连续两年考查关于高校学生的话题，2021年转而考查居民生活类话题的可能性非常大。再考虑到今年疫情给居民生活带来的影响，可能的出题方向可以有以下几类：第一：我国（国内某市）居民消费、休闲、娱乐方式的变化，可能命题的角度有：1.某营业场所（餐厅、影院、游乐场、旅游景点等）的客流或营业额环比变化（柱状图）。相关的词汇表达有：restaurant;cinema;amusementpark；scenicspots；customerflow（商场客流量）；cinemagoers（观影人）；sight-seeing（观光）；turnover（营业额）；boxoffice（票房）2.居民家庭各项支出（外出就餐、旅游、教育、购物等）的比例（饼状图）。相关的词汇表达有：householdexpenses（家庭日常支出）；managemoney（理财）；personalfinance（个人理财）；3.网购在日常购物消费中所占比例的变化（柱状图）。相关的词汇表达有：dailyconsumption（日常消费）；onlineshopping（网购）；expressdelivery、delivery（快递）；discount（折扣、优惠）4.使用不同app类型的时长（饼状图）。相关的词汇表达有：WeChat；livestreaming（直播）；socialnetworking（社交网络）；onlinecommunication（网上交流）；onlinetime（上网时长）5.主播带货营业额的变化（柱状图或折线图）。相关的词汇表达有：livecommerce、livestreammarketing（直播带货）；starpower（明星效应）；internetmarketing（网络营销）第二、居民学习、工作、出行方式的变化，可能命题的角度有：1.在线办公比例变化（柱状图或柱状图）。相关的词汇表达有：onlineoffice（在线办公）；workfromhome（居家办公）；commutingtime（通勤时间）；2.在线教育比例变化（柱状图或饼状图）。相关的词汇表达有：onlineclass（在线课堂）；MOOC（慕课）；distanceecation（远程教育）；learningresources（学习资源）；3.学历提升意愿的变化（柱状图或饼状图）。相关的词汇表达有：ecationalattainment（学历）；academicdegree（学位）；highlyecatedfamily/person（高学历家庭/人员）；UnifiedNationalGraateEntranceExamination（研究生入学考试）；studyabroad（出国留学）4.出行方式的变化，各种交通方式的比例（饼状图）。相关的词汇表达有：passengerflow（乘客流量）；transportation（交通方式）；privatecar（私家车）；publictransport（公共交通）；volumepeak（客运高峰）5.居民对垃圾分类的态度情况调查（饼状图）。相关的词汇表达有：garbageclassification、wastesorting（垃圾分类）；environmentalprotection（环境保护）；environmentalpollution（环境污染）；recyclingofresources（资源回收）第三、居家隔离及医疗相关的内容，可能命题的角度有：1.居民居家隔离期间各种活动的比例，如学习新技能、看影视剧、锻炼等（饼状图）。相关的词汇表达有：isolation（隔离）；learnandpracticenewskills；keepingfit（健身）；keepanoptimisticmood（保持乐观）2.医疗相关内容，如城镇参加医疗保险（含商业保险）的人数变化（柱状图）。相关的词汇表达有：Medicare（医疗保险）；healthinsurancecoverage（医保覆盖）；old-agepension,medical,work-relatedinjuries,unemployment,maternityinsurance（养老、医疗、工伤、失业、生育等五险）；同学们可以在最后阶段，着重积累、记忆与以上话题相关的内容，如相关词汇、句型等，尤其可以多整理记忆一些原因分析和前景展望型等通用内容，可以准备以下几个方面：第一、互联网技术的发展使网上学习、消费、娱乐等更加方便多样。基础句型：1.dy,purchase,andentertainonline.2.Theinternetandvariousappshaveprovidedpeoplewith…第二、疫情导致居家隔离，限制了需要外出娱乐活动，使旅游业、餐饮业、电影行业受到影响，而线上娱乐消费则顺势猛增。基础句型：1.Thecoronaviruspandemicforcespeopletostayathome,orrelax.2.Undertheisolation，peopleturntoonlinematerialsforentertainment,ources…第三、疫情对就业环境的冲击，使人意识到学历和技术的重要性。基础句型：Theever-others…第四：疫情对消费观念的改变。基础句型：1.emergency.2.eptionofrationalpurchaseandpersonalfinance,uspandemic…距离考试已经很近，基础好的同学，可以结合自己已经掌握的写作资源，重点关注一下上文提到的话题；基础薄弱的同学，可以认真记一下上文提到的基础表达和句型，在考场上因“题”制宜，灵活转换下笔如神。祝大家如愿取得考成绩！
金正日考研英语成绩达到70分是什么水平？看完历年全国平均分你就知道了
2020年考研已经结束有一段时间了，现在同学们谈论最多的事情，同时也是最盼望的事情，就是知道自己的考研成绩。不过今年考研成绩的公布时间是2.10日，所以小伙伴们还要耐心地等上一段时间。昨天一位考完研的读者朋友给我发私信，向我咨询考研英语的问题。她告诉我自己前不久对照着答案估了估分，觉得自己的英语成绩能够考到70分以上，想问问我这个成绩是什么水平，算是高分吗？最近很多考完研的小伙伴，其实都偷偷地对了对答案，估了估分，所以今天我们就一起来探讨一下这一话题。那么考研英语成绩估分在70分以上，究竟算不算高分呢？毫无疑问，考研英语过了70分绝对算是高分，而且至少打败了90%的对手我们首先来看一下2012年到2018年考研英语的平均分数。从这张表中，我们可以清晰地看到，英语一的最高分是53.94分，出现在2017年，最低分出现在2015年，达到了47.21分。从这些数据中我们可以发现，尽管这些年英语一题目的难度在上下浮动，但是平均分总是出现在45~55这个区间里。英语二由于总体难度要低一些，所以平均分数要比英语一高一些。从表格中我们可以看到，英语二的最高平均分出现在2017年，达到了57.37分，最低平均分出现在2016年，达到了51.04分，总体浮动在50~60分的这一区间。这名读者朋友考的是学术型硕士，考研英语考的是英语一，估分能够达到70分以上，确实属于很高的水平。再加上她的主观题目部分在估分时比较保守，最终成绩肯定要比估分高。能够在考研时拿到这个成绩，至少应该是英语六级550分左右的水平。从19年考研英语的难度出发，我们大致可以对20考研英语平均分做出预测在最近三年里，我们可以发现英语一题目的难度是在不断增加的。在2017年的时候，英语一题目的难度系数为0.513，到了2019年达到了0.524。之所以会提高题目的难度系数，最主要的原因是为了应对急速增加的报名人数压力，从而使得分数更有区分度。与此同时，我们也可以发现，随着题目难度的增加，英语一的平均分也出现了递减的情况。和英语一的情况一样，英语二的试卷难度也出现了逐年提高的现象。而且在2018年的时候，命题组大幅度提高了考试难度系数，使得英语二的平均分数直接从17年的57.37分，降低到了55.43分。到了19年的时候，题目难度进一步增加，分数再次下降到52.66分。在今年考研英语科目结束时，就有很多考生提到阅读第一篇就看不懂，作文写跑题的情况。由此可见，今年考研英语题目的难度很可能将会再次提高，这也是为了应对341万报名人数压力的一个重要措施，最根本的目的是为了再次提高区分度。所以20年考研英语的平均分很有可能会再次降低，英语一应该继续保持在45~50分的区间，英语二的平均分存在低于50分的可能性。不过我们只是进行一波预测，具体的成绩还要等到官网来正式发布。你认为考研英语考到70分以上，算不算高分呢？此外，你认为今年的英语平均分会继续降低吗？欢迎与我留言互动！
李悝2020考研英语一真题及答案「完整版」！
2020考研英语一真题及答案【完整版】！【完形】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案（1-20）1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up【阅读】Section III Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for Zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. "A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a "town of culture" award could [A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as [A] a sensible compromise.[B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-cotching bonus.[D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it [A] endeavours to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present [A] a contrasting case.[B] a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D] a related topic.25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical[B] Objective[C] Favourable[D] Critical答案（21-25）21.D focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.B a self-deceiving attempt.23.D commits to its long-term growth.24.B a supporting example.25.C Favourable.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money, Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the proction of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing instry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers proced in the world, made profits of more than f 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than f 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every pay walled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms; either freely available from the moment of publication,or pay walled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their proct free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around500 to $5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these "article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because [A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.!27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have [A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing instry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? [A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned.[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms [A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] rece the cost of publication substantially.[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D] The few feed on the many.答案（26-30）26.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27.A thrived mainly on university libraries.28.D Encouraged.29.A allow publishers some room to make money.30.D The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are lessthan40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feelgood but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will [A] help little to rece gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the Califormia measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C] It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate [A] the harm from arbitrary board decision. [B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to [A] the underestimation of elite women's role[B] the objection to female participation on boards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women's need in employment should be considered.[B] Feasibility, should be a prime concern in policy making.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.答案（31-35）31.A help little to rece gender bias.32.C It may go against the Constitution.33.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.35.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.Text4 :Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a"GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple, Facebook and Amazon-in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax).Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance, law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union. Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach aconsensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to [A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax [A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that [A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work [A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to in involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy答案（36-40）36.C impose alevy on tech multinationals.37.A may trigger countermeasures against France.38.B the current international tax system needs upgrading39.C is faced with uncertain prospects.40.B France leads the charge on Digital TaxPart B Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fix actions are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated [F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor ring a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact: We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In althood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42. Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer ring a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond ring direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.44. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image. are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45. In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues "Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.答案（41-45）41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signal42.E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43.G Eye contact can also be aggressive44.A Eye fixactions are brief45.D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence ring the 14h century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17h century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored itellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) Before each of their revelations many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking.including the geo-centric view that the Earth was a the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory ring a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress. this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe ring most of 17h century. (49) As many took on the ty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17h and I8h centuries were times of radical change and curiosity, Scientific method,rectionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase' sapere aude' or dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay" An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?".It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.答案（46-50）46.随着教会的教义和思维方式在文艺复兴时期黯然失色，中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合，从而出现了新的及尚未开发的知识领域。47.在每个真理揭示之前，当时的许多思想家都采用了更古老的思维方式，仍旧沿用以前的思维模式，其中包括认为地球是宇宙中心的地球中心说。48.尽管教会试图镇压这-代逻辑学家和理性主义者，但人们对宇宙如何运转的解释却越来越多，并且以-种不容忽视的速度在增加。49.当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时，文艺复兴时代已经结束，并且开启了一个新的时代。50.此类寻求知识和了解已知信息的行为被拉丁语概括为：“sapere aude"即"敢于求知”作文Section ll WritingPart A51. Directions:The students union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest. White a notice in about 100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice. (10 points)小作文：通知留学生唱歌比赛 【参考范文】NoticeDec.21, 2019In order to enrich the campus life and provide the colorful life for you, the Students' Union is preparing the upcoming singing contest, which will be held in the auditorium in our university on the evening of December 31, 2019. Now, the Union is recruiting contestants for this competition.Anyone who are fond of signing or interested in the competition, please send his or her application to students’union@sohu.com before next Wednesday. Besides, there are generous awards in gratitude for this activity. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any queries concerning the singing contest. Meanwhile, volunteers for this activity are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs.We are looking forward to your participation.The Students' UnionPart B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below, In your essay, you should1) Describe the picture briefly,2) Interpret the implied meaning, and3) Give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)大作文：习惯良好的时间管理习惯 【参考范文】Portrayed distinctively by the two cartoons above is an impressive scene: a girl in the left picture is doing homework and saying that early completion is better. Nevertheless, the boy in the right picture is sitting in front of the desk and saying that he will not finish the homework until the last minute.Undoubtedly, the symbolic implication of the pictures is to show us that importance should be attached to the formation of good habits, especially the good habit of time management. On the one hand, efficient time management is critical to personal development. As the old saying goes,“Time is money," and in the fast-paced modern life, it seems that we always have a lot of things to do and we are very busy. In the face of such a situation, we have to realize that efficiency holdsthe key to saving time and time management skills hold the key to personal success. On the other hand, good time management habits play a vital role in the development of the whole society. There is no doubt that, to a large extent, social progress is closely related to the efforts of each indivial. If we can develop the good habit of time management, we are much more likely to improve efficiency and have a better performance in the learning and working process, which is anintegral part of social advances and prosperity.From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that the sense of efficient time management skills is of equal importance in personal and social progress.Therefore,we ought to take advantage of the phenomenon to enlighten the public and the press is expected to take a lead in advertising the value of developing good time management habits. Only in this way can we have a bright future.以上便是整理的2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案，2021考研的小伙伴可以参考真题，准备明年12月的考研初试。下面分享一份公共课书单，希望对大家有用：【英语书单】单词：闪过英语《考研词汇闪过》按重要程度划分了频考词、基础词、偶考词、超纲词，划重点，后期冲刺只背高频词和基础词，省时间。真题：《考研真相》（英语二：考研圣经）：一词一句讲解真题，重点词汇和每个句子都有详细讲解，不怕你看不懂，还有排除干扰项的方法，帮助提高答对率，适合基础弱的人。作文：英语一《写作160篇》/英语二《写作宝中宝》：通过词句段篇先教你学会写作文，再用三步作文法帮你拔高，专门针对基础薄弱的。【数学书单】《张宇真题大全解》：从94年到现在的真题都包括了，讲解很好，帮助研究数学题型。李永乐王式安660题：用这本书练习做题，都是经典题型！同济六版/七版《高等数学》上、下同济五版/六版《线性代数》课本：《线性代数》、《概率论》、《数理统计》【政治书单】官方红宝书（政治大纲解析）；风中劲草（三本书）、肖秀荣系列：精讲精练、1000题、讲真题、形势与政策、冲刺八套卷、最后四套卷；蒋中挺冲刺5套卷；启航20天20题
拳2021考研大纲解读「英语二」
2021联考英语大纲已经新鲜出炉，很多考生担心着大纲变动对自己的备考产生影响。特别是对自己的英语底子还不够自信的考生来说，大纲发布，焦虑又叠加一层。这不，智圆君带着大纲解析及翰章老师的百日高分备考指导来了！01、完型部分涛声依旧350词左右，十分。预计难度会和2017及2020年持平，话题非常有可能考应对全球危机。完型的阅读难度要小于阅读理解的阅读难度，但对微观细节的考察更多。每周两篇，保持节奏，做完英语二真题后做英语一的。积累搭配，注重逻辑，保持手感。02、阅读A依旧是四大题型阅读part a依旧会是细节题，主旨题，态度题，推断题四大天王。字数规定依旧是1500词左右，题材依旧会是经济，法律，心理学，社会，行业发展，家庭，工作等常见题材。注意大纲中的一个表述：选出正确或是最合适的答案。正确的答案就是说另外三个明显有逻辑上的瑕疵，只有这个是对的。最合适的答案就是说四个都不太对，但有一个最合适或四个中有两个都对，但有一个是非最优选项，就像2012--38中的移民生活将会有更大的负担那个答案。备考建议：将听课后的笔记好好复习一遍，将2010--2020年每道题彻底搞清楚。对你得知道它是同义替换还是近义改写，是抽象变具体还是具体变抽象，是正面切入还是反面切入，是原词照抄还是词性改写，是点点对应还是综合概括。错你得知道它犯了哪种错，是无中生有还是偷换概念，是针锋相对还是答非所问，是信息拼凑还是非最优选项。将十一年44篇文章做到无一句有生词，无一句不会翻译，无一题不会做。外刊阅读方面，继续保持一周三篇的量。模考题，只做靠谱的。保持到考试时，你的成绩就不会错。03、阅读新题型，送分题，必拿2011，2012，2014，2017，2019考了多项对应。2013，2015，2016，2018，2020考了小标题。今年多项对应和小标题概率各是百分之45，另外需要提防小标题加多项对应的组合。04、翻译无变动依旧是150词左右的一段或几段话。啥都不会编花篮，五分。围绕着文章来翻，但译文质量吓人，八分。一半做到了流畅，另一半我心飞翔，十分。全文流畅，偶有不流畅，但不超过三处且问题不大，十二分。所有译文流畅，间或性的美感，十三或十四分。翻译建议听完课后每周练习两篇，一直保持到上考场，手热才能有好状态。2010--2020真题加上外刊翻译，量足够了。05、小作文无变化依旧是私人或公务信函，备忘录和报告。从十一年真题来看，除了2015年的通知，其余十年均属于信函。将备考重点放在信函，捎带备忘录，通知和报告，尽量要全面准备。将称谓，落款，格式，每种小作文的首段和三段先背下来，将能拿到的分数拿到，然后开始背每种小作文的二段，然后开始每周练习一两篇，保持手感即可。06、大作文：图标绝对是主流大作文根据大纲，依旧给出了三种，图画，图表和文字。但我们知道，英语二图表绝对是主流，十一年全部为图表作文。准备时，图表为主，漫画和文字提纲式作文稍稍准备即可。大作文14=一分主题词加+一分同义词替换+四分首段数据精确描述+四分二段原因充分得体+四分三段深度评价。将写作笔记好好复习一遍，然后开始每周写一两篇，保持到上考场。07、总结作为一门已经非常成熟的考试，英语二的大纲不大可能进行翻天覆地的改变。找到靠谱的机构，跟定专业的老师，制定合理的计划，修订错误的思路，大家一定能取得优异的成绩。
