2017考研英语

9月下旬，当大家都沉浸在“无心学习，只想给祖国母亲的70岁庆生”的喜悦中时，高教社悄咪咪地发布了全国硕士研究生相关科目的考试分析。提到高教社，不少同学还是懵懵的，总是搞不清它到底是个什么神奇机构，所以，在进入今天的正题之前，小编先给大家普及一下何为高教社。高教社成立于1954年，是教育部主管、主办的以出版高等教育、职业教育、成人与社会教育等各级各类教育教学用书为主的大型、综合性出版社。和20考研、21考研最直接相关的就是高教社每年都会出版的考研大纲以及解析。高教社是官方的出版社，所以其公布的数据就是最官方的数据！对于考试分析，同学们有没有必要像考研大纲那样人手一本呢？其实小编个人觉得，了解一下具体数据即可，知道有这么一回事，然后继续投入复习中。 这次高教社发布的考试分析中，与我们医学考研息息相关的就是英语一了。2019考研英语一共抽取了32多万名考生进行统计分析，试卷总体难度结果如下（难度系数越大，题目越容易）图片来源：高教社英语考试分析书2019年考研英语一平均分48.59分，难度0.486，对比2017年、2018年平均分有所降低，难度较2017年升高，与2018年持平。2019年英语一试卷各部分试题难度比较如下图片来源：高教社英语考试分析书“英语知识运用”指的是“完形填空”。“阅读理解A节”指的就是我们常说的阅读理解四篇文章，每篇文章后面有5道选择题。“阅读理解B节”指的是我们常说的新题型。“阅读理解C节”指的是我们常说的翻译“写作A节”指的是小作文“写作B节”指的是大作文综合各题型来看，英语一的难度比较稳定，并未出现较大的波动。所以20考研的同学维持目前的英语复习状态即可，按照自己的节奏，背诵长难句、复习重点词汇、背诵英语作文，一步一步完成自己的复习计划，不用太过于担心。 随着距离初试越来越近了，同学们现在的心情想必也是十分紧张或疲乏，今天是正式报名的第一天，担心已经有同学还没有上战场就心生退意了。但是，并非困难使我们放弃，而是因为我们放弃，才显得如此困难。千万不要让本来努力就可以得到的东西，因为懈怠而失去了机会，觉得坚持不了的时候，请看看身边的研友，大家都在前进，你也可以。来源：医学生考研（ID：medpass）

Text 4In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari Automobile from a company seeking access to government.在一个少见的全体一致的裁决中，美国最高法院推翻了前项对前弗吉尼亚州长罗伯特麦克唐纳的贪腐判决，但是最高法院对他的行为也掩鼻不屑，麦克唐纳接受从一家公司馈赠的包括劳力士手表、法拉利汽车等，已获得和政府接触的机会。The high court’s decision saidthe judge in Mr. McDonnell’s trialfailed to tell a jury that it must look only at his “official acts,” or the former governor’s decisions on “specific” and “unsettled” issues related to his ties.最高院的决定表明麦克审判的法官没有告知陪审团必须只考虑他的“公务行为”，或者麦克的决定在特殊和未解决的问题上必须与公务相关。Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, thejusticesfound.仅仅帮助一个送礼者给他们接触其他官员的机会，除非对那些官员有明确的意图以此施加压力，否则那不成为腐败。最高法官如是裁决。The court did suggest that accepting favorsin return for opening doors is “distasteful” and “nasty.” But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an “official act.”法院明确表示接受馈赠从而为其打开方便之门的确令人反感和恶心，但是在根据反贿赂法，证据证明必须得有确凿的利益，比如批准一个合同或规定，才构成受贿。仅仅安排会面，打个电话，主持一项活动不能算公务行为。The court’s rulingis legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution of bribery. “The basic compactunderlying representative government,” wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court, “assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns.”法庭的裁决在法律上合理的界定一种非犯罪的偏好，民选领袖必须允许帮助资助者解决官僚作风的问题，不用担心面临贿赂的指控，首席大法官JR说，代议制政府之下的基本契约是公共官员能够听从选民关切的事情并出谋划策。But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed toplay favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an indivial or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity requires well-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leader’s source of wealth.但是判决强调市民和选民代表的要求，而不是法院的要求，确保对政府通道的平等性。官员不能因为个人或组织提供了竞选资金或个人馈赠就厚此薄彼，提供信息、安排见面等，这种形式的诚信需要政府严格执行透明政策，比如官方会议录音，游说规定，和民选领袖财富来源信息。Favoritism in official access canfan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society – that all are equal in treatment by government- is undermined. Good government rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each indivial.偏袒会煽动民众对腐败的理解，但是它不是总是腐败，相反，公务员需要避免“双标”，即对普通人和富人采取不同的标准，如果关系可以买来，民主社会的前提——所有人都被政府平等对待——就被破坏了。好的政府依赖于一个个个体的内在价值。The court’s ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.法院裁决是对腐败和公务偏袒斗争的一个进步。36. The underlined sentence(Para.1) most probably shows that the court划线句子表明法院[A] avoided defining the extent of McDonnell’s ties.避免给麦克的职责定范围[B] made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.在麦克的定罪上没有妥协[C] was contemptuousof McDonnell’s conct.对麦克的行径表示蔑视[D] refused to comment on McDonnell’s ethics.拒绝对麦克的行径评论37. According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves根据第四段 ，公务行为只有涉及（）才被认为腐败[A] concrete returns for gift-givers.提供具体的汇报给送礼者[B] sizable gains in the form of gifts.可观的礼物收益 [C] leaking secrets intentionally.主动泄露秘密 [D] breaking contracts officially.公务上的违约 38. The court’s ruling is based on the assumption that public officials are法院裁决基于公务人员的（）假设[A] allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.允许把重点放在支持者关心的事情上[B] qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.有能力独自解决政府事情[C] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.有正当理由满足选民的要求[D]exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.对于偏袒的指控免除定罪 39. Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to在政府透明度方面，需要强有力的法律来保证[A] awaken the conscienceof officials.唤醒公务人民的道德心 [B] guarantee fair play in official access.保证官方接待的公平 [C] allow for certain kinds of lobbying.允许某种程度的游说 [D] inspire hopes in average people.激发普通人的希望 40. The author’s attitude toward the court’s ruling is作者对法院裁决的态度是[A] sarcastic.讽刺[B] tolerant.容忍 [C] skeptical.怀疑 [D] supportive.支持答案：CCCBD

2020考研英语一真题及答案【完整版】！【完形】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案（1-20）1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up【阅读】Section III Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for Zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. "A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a "town of culture" award could [A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as [A] a sensible compromise.[B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-cotching bonus.[D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it [A] endeavours to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present [A] a contrasting case.[B] a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D] a related topic.25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical[B] Objective[C] Favourable[D] Critical答案（21-25）21.D focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.B a self-deceiving attempt.23.D commits to its long-term growth.24.B a supporting example.25.C Favourable.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money, Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the proction of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing instry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers proced in the world, made profits of more than f 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than f 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every pay walled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms; either freely available from the moment of publication,or pay walled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their proct free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around500 to $5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these "article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because [A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.!27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have [A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing instry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? [A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned.[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms [A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] rece the cost of publication substantially.[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D] The few feed on the many.答案（26-30）26.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27.A thrived mainly on university libraries.28.D Encouraged.29.A allow publishers some room to make money.30.D The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are lessthan40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feelgood but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will [A] help little to rece gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the Califormia measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C] It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate [A] the harm from arbitrary board decision. [B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to [A] the underestimation of elite women's role[B] the objection to female participation on boards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women's need in employment should be considered.[B] Feasibility, should be a prime concern in policy making.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.答案（31-35）31.A help little to rece gender bias.32.C It may go against the Constitution.33.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.35.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.Text4 :Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a"GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple, Facebook and Amazon-in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax).Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance, law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union. Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach aconsensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to [A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax [A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that [A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work [A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to in involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy答案（36-40）36.C impose alevy on tech multinationals.37.A may trigger countermeasures against France.38.B the current international tax system needs upgrading39.C is faced with uncertain prospects.40.B France leads the charge on Digital TaxPart B Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fix actions are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated [F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor ring a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact: We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In althood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42. Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer ring a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond ring direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.44. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image. are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45. In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues "Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.答案（41-45）41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signal42.E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43.G Eye contact can also be aggressive44.A Eye fixactions are brief45.D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence ring the 14h century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17h century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored itellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) Before each of their revelations many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking.including the geo-centric view that the Earth was a the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory ring a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress. this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe ring most of 17h century. (49) As many took on the ty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17h and I8h centuries were times of radical change and curiosity, Scientific method,rectionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase' sapere aude' or dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay" An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?".It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.答案（46-50）46.随着教会的教义和思维方式在文艺复兴时期黯然失色，中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合，从而出现了新的及尚未开发的知识领域。47.在每个真理揭示之前，当时的许多思想家都采用了更古老的思维方式，仍旧沿用以前的思维模式，其中包括认为地球是宇宙中心的地球中心说。48.尽管教会试图镇压这-代逻辑学家和理性主义者，但人们对宇宙如何运转的解释却越来越多，并且以-种不容忽视的速度在增加。49.当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时，文艺复兴时代已经结束，并且开启了一个新的时代。50.此类寻求知识和了解已知信息的行为被拉丁语概括为：“sapere aude"即"敢于求知”作文Section ll WritingPart A51. Directions:The students union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest. White a notice in about 100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice. (10 points)小作文：通知留学生唱歌比赛 【参考范文】NoticeDec.21, 2019In order to enrich the campus life and provide the colorful life for you, the Students' Union is preparing the upcoming singing contest, which will be held in the auditorium in our university on the evening of December 31, 2019. Now, the Union is recruiting contestants for this competition.Anyone who are fond of signing or interested in the competition, please send his or her application to students’union@sohu.com before next Wednesday. Besides, there are generous awards in gratitude for this activity. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any queries concerning the singing contest. Meanwhile, volunteers for this activity are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs.We are looking forward to your participation.The Students' UnionPart B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below, In your essay, you should1) Describe the picture briefly,2) Interpret the implied meaning, and3) Give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)大作文：习惯良好的时间管理习惯 【参考范文】Portrayed distinctively by the two cartoons above is an impressive scene: a girl in the left picture is doing homework and saying that early completion is better. Nevertheless, the boy in the right picture is sitting in front of the desk and saying that he will not finish the homework until the last minute.Undoubtedly, the symbolic implication of the pictures is to show us that importance should be attached to the formation of good habits, especially the good habit of time management. On the one hand, efficient time management is critical to personal development. As the old saying goes,“Time is money," and in the fast-paced modern life, it seems that we always have a lot of things to do and we are very busy. In the face of such a situation, we have to realize that efficiency holdsthe key to saving time and time management skills hold the key to personal success. On the other hand, good time management habits play a vital role in the development of the whole society. There is no doubt that, to a large extent, social progress is closely related to the efforts of each indivial. If we can develop the good habit of time management, we are much more likely to improve efficiency and have a better performance in the learning and working process, which is anintegral part of social advances and prosperity.From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that the sense of efficient time management skills is of equal importance in personal and social progress.Therefore,we ought to take advantage of the phenomenon to enlighten the public and the press is expected to take a lead in advertising the value of developing good time management habits. Only in this way can we have a bright future.以上便是整理的2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案，2021考研的小伙伴可以参考真题，准备明年12月的考研初试。下面分享一份公共课书单，希望对大家有用：【英语书单】单词：闪过英语《考研词汇闪过》按重要程度划分了频考词、基础词、偶考词、超纲词，划重点，后期冲刺只背高频词和基础词，省时间。真题：《考研真相》（英语二：考研圣经）：一词一句讲解真题，重点词汇和每个句子都有详细讲解，不怕你看不懂，还有排除干扰项的方法，帮助提高答对率，适合基础弱的人。作文：英语一《写作160篇》/英语二《写作宝中宝》：通过词句段篇先教你学会写作文，再用三步作文法帮你拔高，专门针对基础薄弱的。【数学书单】《张宇真题大全解》：从94年到现在的真题都包括了，讲解很好，帮助研究数学题型。李永乐王式安660题：用这本书练习做题，都是经典题型！同济六版/七版《高等数学》上、下同济五版/六版《线性代数》课本：《线性代数》、《概率论》、《数理统计》【政治书单】官方红宝书（政治大纲解析）；风中劲草（三本书）、肖秀荣系列：精讲精练、1000题、讲真题、形势与政策、冲刺八套卷、最后四套卷；蒋中挺冲刺5套卷；启航20天20题

谁都明白一个道理：“现场实习三个月比读几年大学来得更直接，记忆也更深刻。”今天如梦就带着大家一起来“实习”一篇《八句话，走天下》某读者写的文章。2017年考研英语一作文真题2018考研学子的文章该同学的水平应该是属于中上游，对《八句话》也有自己的想法，这点很好。在《八句话》的第26页给大家列举了一系列类似于short-sighted（短浅的）这种高端合成词汇，只需要选择记忆即可。stretch out on the sofa 表示四肢展开躺在沙发上，这个表达给人以“懒散”的画面感，沙发是与on搭配。该同学把self-made会错了意，这个词汇常用来形容“自制的什么东西”，而不是说这个人“自我克制”，另外还可以形容白手起家的大佬。注意句子的精炼，减少冗杂的元素，比如图中简化的部分。用词精度一直是大部分考生的噩梦，词不达意或词走偏锋。“冠词、三单线准确”是你即将离开“菜鸟驿站”的标志。不要在考场给自己出语法题，一般现在时和将来时是对自己最“么么哒”的宠物，不要跳“过去完成进行时”等高难度的“钢管舞”，它们是潘多拉的魔盒。动词短语名词化（ing）和不定式是你永远也爱不完的“主人（主语）”，英语二的同学务必学会用这两种主语来让文章“客观化”。时刻记住本文最下面的那一句话：剑桥大学给了世界级的一句权威点评，一篇宇宙级的好文章应该是那样的。小作文很简单，格式完全固定，在十二月一号的时候，如梦把系统录制的视频传给大家，小作文差距不大，大作文才是关键！！！WeChat subscription：八句话走天下University of Cambridge：Good arguments are well established （精确设计）and not difficult to understand（可控写作）.

[A] The first published sketch, "A Dinner at Poplar Walk" brought tears to Dickens's eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine. From then on his sketches, which appeared under the pen name "Boz" in The Evening Chronicle, earned him a modest reputation.狄更斯发现他的第一部随笔，《白杨庄晚宴》，在每月杂志上刊登的时候，使他热泪盈眶。从那以后他就用笔名博兹发表随笔，刊登在《夜晚记事》上，让他小有名气。sketch文学速写，随笔chronicle编年史modest轻微的，不太多的bring tears to sb’s eyes使某人落泪from then on从那时开始[B] The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers, as it is generally known today, secured Dickens's fame. There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars, and the plump, spectacled hero, Samuel Pickwick, became a national figure.《匹克威克外传》的巨大成功，为狄更斯赢得了名声。有匹克威克大衣和匹克威克雪茄，并且那个胖胖的，戴着眼镜的男主人公，塞缪尔匹克威克成为了一个享誉全国的人物。runaway success巨大的成功spectacled戴眼镜的plump胖胖的secure保证hero男主人公[C] Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared, a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the then-famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated the idea for the story. With characteristic confidence, Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour's pictures illustrate his own story instead. After the first installment, Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a drawing Dickens felt, was not faithful enough to his prose. Seymour made the change, went into his backyard, and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide. Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist. The comic novel, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, appeared serially in 1836 and 1837 and was first published in book form in 1837.《博兹札记》出版后不久，一家出版公司接触狄更斯想让他以每月连载的方式写一个故事，作为当时著名艺术家西摩的木刻画的背景，他最初构想的这个故事。带着特意的自信，狄更斯坚称西摩的版画是为他自己的故事配图。在第一期连载之后，狄更斯给这位艺术家写信让他更改绘画，因为他觉得版画与他的故事不符。西摩做了更改，回到后院，用自杀的方式表达自己的不满。狄更斯和出版商直接换了一个新的艺术家继续工作，这部喜剧小说，《匹克威克俱乐部遗稿》，在1836到1837年以连载的方式出现，并且于1837年首次出版成书。installment分期连载的部分backdrop背景originate初始characteristic独特的，特有的illustrate给…插图做说明prose散文posthumous死后发生的，死后出版的approach…to向…接洽be faithful to sth忠实于press on坚定地继续工作[D] Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and, to many people, the greatest English novelist of the 19th century. A moralist, satirist, and social reformer, Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society.对于很多人来说，查尔斯狄更斯可能是19世纪最有名最伟大的英国小说家，他是一个道德家，一个讽刺作家，和一个社会改革者。狄更斯精心制作的复杂的故事情节和突出的人物描绘了了英语社会的全景。moralist卫道士satirist讽刺作家craft精心制作plot情节striking吸引人的capture用文章准确表达描述panorama全景，全貌[E]Soon after his father's release from prison, Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices. He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament. At the same time, Dickens, who had a reporter's eye for transcribing the life around him, especially anything comic or odd, submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.他父亲从监狱出来后不久，狄更斯获得一个不错的工作——在律师事务所当跑腿，他自学速记，获得了一个更好的工作——在议会当记者和在法庭当速记员，在此时间，狄更斯用记者的眼光记录他身边的生活，尤其是有趣的古怪的事情，投了一些短篇初稿给那些不太出名的杂志。shorthand速记stenographer速记员obscure无名的，模糊的teach oneself自学submit…to…提交[F] Dickens was born in Portsmouth, on England's southern coast. His father was a clerk in the British Navy Pay office -- a respectable position, but with little social status. His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper, possessed even less status, having been servants, and Dickenslaterconcealedtheirbackground.Dicken's mother supposedly came from a more respectable family. Yet two years before Dicken's birth, his mother's father was caught stealing and fled to Europe, never to return. The family's increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren's Blacking Warehouse, a shoe-polish factory, where the other working boys mocked him as "the young gentleman." His father was then imprisoned for debt. The humiliations of his father's imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dickens's greatest wound and became his deepest secret.He could not confide them even to his wife, although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.狄更斯出生于朴茨茅斯，英国南海岸。他的父亲是一个英国海军出纳室的职员，一个体面的职位，但是没有社会地位，他的爷爷和奶奶，一个是男管家一个是女管家，更没有什么社会地位，都是仆人，狄更斯后来隐藏了他们的身份背景。狄更斯的母亲据说来自一个体面的家庭，然而两年后，狄更斯出生之前，他的母亲的爸爸因为偷盗被抓而逃往欧洲，再也没有回来。家庭的日益贫困使狄更斯12岁辍学在华伦黑鞋油工厂工作，这家鞋油工厂的孩子们嘲笑他是“年轻的绅士”，他的父亲由于债务问题之后被关进监狱，他父亲入狱的耻辱和他在黑鞋油厂的当劳工的痛苦成为他此生最大的伤害也是内心最深处的秘密。他甚至都不对妻子吐露这个秘密，尽管这些经历为他的小说提供了潜在的基础。paternal父亲一方的steward男管家housekeeper女管家blacking黑鞋油imprison关押，监禁humiliation耻辱confide吐露（秘密），倾诉unacknowledged未被承认的pay office 出纳室shoe-polish鞋油be caught doing sth被抓到正在做某事[G] After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker world. In Oliver Twist, he traces an orphan's progress from the workhouse to the criminal slums of London. Nicholas Nickleby, his next novel, combines the darkness of Oliver Twist with the sunlight of Pickwick. The popularity of these novels consolidated Dickens' as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.在匹克威克外传之后，狄更斯投入到了一个更灰暗的世界，《雾都孤儿》，他追踪了一个孤儿从济贫院到伦敦犯罪贫民窟的历程，《尼古拉斯尼克贝》，融合了雾都孤儿的黑暗和匹克威克的阳光，这些享誉盛名的小说奠定了狄更斯作为国内和国际著名作家的地位。belak阴郁的，凄凉的orphan孤儿workhouse救济院slum贫民窟consolidate巩固，加强combine A with B将A和B结合起来consolidate sb as巩固某人作为…的地位man of letters文人，作家做法：1.通读全文，确定本文是传记，传记就按照时间顺序排列2.从给的已知段落，寻找上下文，使逻辑衔接3.通读检验正确语序：DFEACBG

2019公共课，考研平均分以及难度系数公布了！这是教育部考试中心整理的官方数据，而且样本容量大、分析全面，因此具有很高的参考价值。难度系数如何计算如果90%的考生做对这道题，这道题的难度系数就是0.9，难度系数与难度成反比，即难度系数越小，难度越大。英语难度分析一、2019考研英语真题全国平均分 英语一 48.59分 难度系数0.486英语二 52.66分 难度系数0.527二、2019年考研英语难度分析 2019考研英语一抽取了326936名考生的试卷作统计分析，结果如下：从结果看，19考研英语一平均分与18年考研持平，试卷难度不变，标准差与信度也与前两年持平。但是阅读理解A节比18年要难，小作文比18年简单，大作文则更难，整体难度持平。这里我们可以看到考研试卷难度稳定，19年的试题质量很高，难度合理~这也说明考研公共课是很公平的，能够检测大家的真实水平，试题没有投机取巧的余地。英语二的统计数据包含262460位考生的成绩，结果如下：从以上表格可以看出，2017年-2019年英语二的试卷中，阅读理解部分和写作部分难度整体稳定，翻译部分难度较前两年略微提高，但是，A节要稍难于往年，B节比往年稍易。此外，今年英语增加的多事热点部分的词语，相信可能会围绕国际文化交流等出一些问题。数学难度分析2019考研数学真题全国平均分情况如下：数学一65.69 难度系数0.438 难度偏大数学二71.87 难度系数0.479 难度略大数学三76.80 难度系数0.512 难度适中这里将往年平均分一起作了一个对比，结果如下：对于数学来说，大小年的难度很明显：「奇数年较高，偶数年较低」。15年、17年、19年相对简单，16年、18年、20年则会相对难。大家也可发现，19考研数学一和18年持平，数学一二三难度有所分化。从往年数据来看，数学一和数学二在2020考研中难度会有所增大，但不必担心会难出天际，数学三难度应会略有提高，也不应变化太大，不必过于紧张。数学现在不论是二刷强化还是启动真题一刷，做错还是做对，都不要在意得了多少分，一定要将做过的题纳入自己的知识体系和思维结构，不断巩固和加强解题能力。记住：20考研数学是一场硬仗！，必须潜心钻研！政治难度分析首先声明：管理类联考是不考政治的。目前并没有公布平均分及难度系数，但2020政治考研大纲已经公布了，对比去年的考试大纲，只是做了微调。根据往年的数据，政治平均分基本在56~59分之间，人数最多的区间为60～70分。难度系数也是属于中度难度。政治往年的考试题型，16个单选，17个多选，五道分析题。从已发布的大纲来看政治题目也应当依旧稳定，选择题难度可以参考往年。不过，因为每年大题热点都不同的，具体还是要根据自身掌握程度，制定相关复习计划。公共课均分分析由以上列出的平均分以及以往的经验，我们可以简要分析一下各科公共课的特点：政治：政治的均分一般在65分左右，不管是985学校还是211学校，录取生中政治分数差别不大。因此建议大家65保底，往70+冲。当然如果专业是新闻等比较偏文科的专业，大家的政治水平都比较高，建议考到70+。英语：英语是一门你觉得大家都考65，但实际上别人个个70+的科目。因此如果你之前的目标是65的话，就请你再努努力了，65在211学校中属于一般水平，在985学校中甚至有些拖后腿了。数学：数学由于数一、数二、数三难度不同而有所差别；一般来说，985学校数学均分还是在120+的，对于211学校，数学均分也在100+的水平，看下自己有没有达到哦。需要注意的是，以上只是平均分，如果想在复试中有些竞争优势，这些分数可是不够的哦。总而言之，加油努力吧，分数越高越好!希望大家都能好好把握剩下的两个多月，争取一战成硕！

2020年考研已经结束有一段时间了，现在同学们谈论最多的事情，同时也是最盼望的事情，就是知道自己的考研成绩。不过今年考研成绩的公布时间是2.10日，所以小伙伴们还要耐心地等上一段时间。昨天一位考完研的读者朋友给我发私信，向我咨询考研英语的问题。她告诉我自己前不久对照着答案估了估分，觉得自己的英语成绩能够考到70分以上，想问问我这个成绩是什么水平，算是高分吗？最近很多考完研的小伙伴，其实都偷偷地对了对答案，估了估分，所以今天我们就一起来探讨一下这一话题。那么考研英语成绩估分在70分以上，究竟算不算高分呢？毫无疑问，考研英语过了70分绝对算是高分，而且至少打败了90%的对手我们首先来看一下2012年到2018年考研英语的平均分数。从这张表中，我们可以清晰地看到，英语一的最高分是53.94分，出现在2017年，最低分出现在2015年，达到了47.21分。从这些数据中我们可以发现，尽管这些年英语一题目的难度在上下浮动，但是平均分总是出现在45~55这个区间里。英语二由于总体难度要低一些，所以平均分数要比英语一高一些。从表格中我们可以看到，英语二的最高平均分出现在2017年，达到了57.37分，最低平均分出现在2016年，达到了51.04分，总体浮动在50~60分的这一区间。这名读者朋友考的是学术型硕士，考研英语考的是英语一，估分能够达到70分以上，确实属于很高的水平。再加上她的主观题目部分在估分时比较保守，最终成绩肯定要比估分高。能够在考研时拿到这个成绩，至少应该是英语六级550分左右的水平。从19年考研英语的难度出发，我们大致可以对20考研英语平均分做出预测在最近三年里，我们可以发现英语一题目的难度是在不断增加的。在2017年的时候，英语一题目的难度系数为0.513，到了2019年达到了0.524。之所以会提高题目的难度系数，最主要的原因是为了应对急速增加的报名人数压力，从而使得分数更有区分度。与此同时，我们也可以发现，随着题目难度的增加，英语一的平均分也出现了递减的情况。和英语一的情况一样，英语二的试卷难度也出现了逐年提高的现象。而且在2018年的时候，命题组大幅度提高了考试难度系数，使得英语二的平均分数直接从17年的57.37分，降低到了55.43分。到了19年的时候，题目难度进一步增加，分数再次下降到52.66分。在今年考研英语科目结束时，就有很多考生提到阅读第一篇就看不懂，作文写跑题的情况。由此可见，今年考研英语题目的难度很可能将会再次提高，这也是为了应对341万报名人数压力的一个重要措施，最根本的目的是为了再次提高区分度。所以20年考研英语的平均分很有可能会再次降低，英语一应该继续保持在45~50分的区间，英语二的平均分存在低于50分的可能性。不过我们只是进行一波预测，具体的成绩还要等到官网来正式发布。你认为考研英语考到70分以上，算不算高分呢？此外，你认为今年的英语平均分会继续降低吗？欢迎与我留言互动！

2020年考研英语一到底有多难？通过考研英语能够上热搜，就可以知道，难度应该不低，有一个单词，就难倒了很多考生，这个单词就是renaissance（文艺复兴）。有同学居然将其当作人名，直接就给翻译了，很是好奇，不知道她翻译成了那个名字？有一位去年就考过的同学说：“很明显要比去年难很多，去年英语一我考了71分，提前半个小时就做完了，今年可能还需要多半个小时，才能够完美地做完这张卷子。估计，今年只能考65分。”英语一难，其中一个原因就是阅读理解四篇都是紧密结合热点，这让很多考生直呼受不了，新题型也不简单，可能最难的就是翻译吧，一个单词renaissance就难倒了很多考生。这两天，很多机构都公布了考研英语参考答案，不知道大家是否对了答案，进行了估分，如果有估分，我们可以参考最近10年分数线，看看能否过线？为了回答这个问题，首先需要了解考研国家线与单科线，国家线比较容易理解，类比高考分数线，就是进复试必须要达到的考研分数线。下面简单介绍下考研单科线。考研单科线考研单科线，分为两个，一个是满分=100分，另外一个是满分>100分的单科线。所以，很明显，满分=100分的考研科目只有英语和政治，所以，所谓的单科线（满分=100分），就是指英语与政治的最低分数线。具体如何划分，不得而知，但是，我们可以推测，应该是按照英语平均成绩来划分的，因为，与政治相比，英语要更难考一些，并且其平均分一般也要低于政治，所以，既然是划线，当然是以更难考的为准。不过，如果那一年，政治成绩比英语成绩普遍还低，那肯定又以政治为准来划线。总之，无论是以哪个科目为准划线，只要这个单科线被划分出来，对政治、英语同时起作用，任何一门达不到国家线，都意味着考研失败。那么，我们究竟能不能预测下2020年的英语单科线呢？如果想要预测2020年英语考多少分可以过线，首先要知道最近几年的英语（政治）单科线，所以，我们将2008年到2019年的考研A区学硕英语（政治）单科线进行了统计，统计结果如下表所示。通过统计表，我们发现，即使是同样100分满分的英语，不同专业的单科线差别还是比较大的，比如文学专业，单科线可以达到50多分，最近十年只有2014年是低于50分，只有45分，而2019年是51分，所以，2020年较2019年难一些，单科线再一次跌破50分，可能性还是比较大的。我们将以上表格中的数据，做一个统计直方图，我们就会发现，部分专业的分数线波动较大，比如文学、管理学等，而少部分专业分数线其实变化很小，比如工学、理学等。我们再从整体上来看，各个专业的单科分数线是否有什么规律可循？我们选择最近的2016年-2017年，2017年-2018年，2018年-2019年，将各个专业的分数线变化进行统计。统计结果见下表所示：通过以上统计，我们不难发现：即使是同一年，不同专业的分数线变化完全是不同的，有些增长，有些反而下降，没有什么规律可循，因为，影响考研分数线的因素较多，比如报考人数、招生计划、考试难度等因素。所以说，如果仅凭英语考试难度来预测国家单科线走势，其实，难度比较大，最起码对于某些专业来说，是这样。但是，我们也发现，分数线波动是有一个范围的，比如，2016年-2017年，最大的波动是2分，2-17年-2018年波动也是2分，只有去年波动范围较大，最大5分（除了照顾专业）。所以，我们可以预测，2019-2020年单科线，大部分专业变化依旧不会很大，不会有超过5分。并且，总体上，分数线可能保持不变或者呈现下降趋势，即使有个别专业会有所增加，但是，总体来说，大部分专业可能会下降0-5分，所以说，如果大家的估分成绩能够在去年的基础上，少0-5分，应该是可以过线的。主要有三个原因：我们已经知道，2020年英语一比较难，可以肯定的是要比2019年难。2018年-2019年分数线总体呈上升趋势，并且变化幅度较大，这主要是考研人数增加最多的原因。但是，这种变化不可能连续两年上升，这会让考生吃不消。2020年考研人数增加虽然没有2019年多，但是，依旧不少，所以对于单科线也会有影响，这个因素会导致分数线增加。所以说，基于以上三个原因，大部分专业的英语单科线可能会保持2019年分数线不变，或者在此基础上有所下降，但是，上升的可能性很小。最后，我们看看考研人数较多的工学专业的情况，将其单独做统计，我们可以发现，连续好几年都在下降，只有去年增长幅度较大，原因依然是考研人数大幅增加。2019年英语单科线是39分，所以说，基于以上三个原因，我们可以大胆预测下2020年工学专业的英语单科线会不会是35分呢？也就是说，会下降4分。那么，你对完答案估分在35分以上，那过线的可能性很大。以上，就是关于国家线以及英语单科线的一些简单介绍，同时也对英语单科线进行了粗略地预测，以上内容仅代表个人看法，仅供参考。最后，希望每一位同学英语都能够过线！

时光飞逝，目前已经到了十月底，2020年考研，已经剩下不到两个月的时间了，不知大家复习的情况如何，为了方便大家检验自己的复习情况，小编整理了考研公共科目（数学和英语，政治）历年平均分数，因为每个人的基础不一样，目标不一致，因而无法进行总体定论，仅供大家参考。英语对于报考经管类专业的考生来讲，英语专业重要性不言而喻，因为经管类每年的英语国家线都很高，以至于每年都有很多人英语单科受限。此外报考自主划线高校的考生也要重视英语科目的学习，因为自主划线往往致使很多人英语和数学受限，根据近年来英语科目平均分数来看，英语一科目难度还是比较大的，平均分基本上在50分上下，极容易出现单项短板。相对而言，英语二难度略小，历年平均分均在50分以上，考虑到初试选择英语二科目的考生，整体英语水平低于考试英语一科目考生，实际难度系数差别比平均分差距还要大一些。英语数学数学是最常见的公共科目，考研数学难度系数也比较高，此外，由于科目分值较高，很容易拉开差距，目前考研数学区分为数学一、数学二以及数学三，难度系数数学一最大，之前数学二难度系数最小，最近几年难度有所加大，平均分数已经开始低于数学三，数学一科目平均分稳定在60-80分，但是很多985高校经常将单科分数线划至90分，对于报考这些高校的同学压力不小，当然数学科目分值很大，如果数学分数较低，总分也很难达标。数学政治对于考研政治，最近几年并未公开平均成绩，比较早的数据有2011年（58.21分），2012年（57.29分），2013年（59.68分），2014年（59.28分），2015年（57.71分），2016年（58.98分），2017年（57.02分），可以看出，总体还是比较稳定的，平均分始终维持在57-60分之间，并无太大波动，相对英语科目，考研政治科目的难度要小很多，复习提高明显，目前距离考试时间已经不太多了，政治科目已经可以开始加大力度复习了，尤其是时事政治。但考研政治科目总体得分情况差距不大，企图通过政治科目拉升总分也不太现实，想要提高总分，还是要靠数学和专业科目。国家线专业科目考研专业科目，由于多数属于自主命题，所以无法总体评论，有的院校试卷难度较大，考生总体得分情况不理想，这在各个考生之间是公平的，但是如果考生无法进入面试阶段，想要调剂，这种情况就比较尴尬了，请广大考生一定要留意。最后，还是要提醒广大考生，一定要认真做好复习计划，按照计划稳步推进，坚持到底，切勿半途而废，在此也预祝大家最终都能取得理想的成绩。