2017考研数二真题

2010-2019年 考研数学一二三真题 逐题精讲视频已出!!!考研数学真题讲解：每日一练227天一、题目二、解析考研路上，你我同行。加油！关注“泰笛牛考研数学”，一次性获得完整历年考研数学真题资料！还可以免费享受在线答疑！关注能考140+分哦~

2018年考研查分已经全面结束了，坐等分数线出来了，不出大家的意料，2018考研数学的分数跟难度很匹配，分数就是不高，致使很多同学都说自己败给了数学。有的同学花了5个月最后才50多分，有的同学平时都120分最后也才50多分。所以很多同学对数学都很绝望，所以很多报考2019的同学在选择专业的时候都重点考虑数学，有的同学甚至在考虑去考管理类联考，因为认为都是高中数学。那么我们今天来看看大家都咋看待17考研数学史上最简单、18年考研数学史上最难按照这规律19考研数学到底会怎样呢？不管最终咋样听别人的意见，和少数人讨论自己做决定。一、近三年的数学命题太不稳定了，考研命题组在干嘛？二、16数学怎么样？三、我觉着以后数学整体难度会上台阶的，有点这种趋势了，选拔人才。四、2006年的最简单，其次就是1994年和2017年。五、还是不要预测的好，认真复习，大量练习，遇到什么题都会有思路，这样不管多难都能得分。六、对于考研的人来说每年都很难。七、16只是计算量大，算不出来而已。18更难，题型偏，根本没法下笔。八、我看了均分今年没有16难，至少结果上16年分低的吓人。 九、16均分多少，那些说18比16难的，都是没考过16的，只是在下面做了一下，和考场感觉不一样的。。16老学长路过。。十、三站党，16年数一难在计算量大，数学二其实不算很难。18年数学一数学二都难，题型很偏计算量也很大。十一、奇数年数学基本偏简单。十二、明年你就发现，18年考研数学，16考研数学，15考研数学归于一样难了，然后19考研数学的最难，说到底真正好好学的没有低分的。十三、说归说15考研数学应该不能和16 18比吧，真题测试除16年120其他年份均分135以上，15年真题的做完就对16年印象深18就不说了大坑。十四、考前做的16卷子大题就两题计算量大算不出来，时间可以控制在两个半小时做完，今年18考场上做的大题就两题完全解出来，坐在位置上最后半个小时顶着空着的答题纸不知道怎么办，考个四小时我也做不出来其他的，除却考场紧张因素，感觉完全不一样。十五、根据连续年份难度跨度，我觉得98年数学最难，和前面几年相比是空前的难度。十六、数一16年最难。数二，数三都是18年最难。十七、每年的考生都会说当年是最难的，这是铁律。（17年的可不这么说）十八、大不了就是再难点，还能怎样。看了大家的讨论其实我们可以看得出来，考研数学每年都在变化，16的计算难、17年相对简单、18年的题目考查更偏一些，根据历年考研的人数来看这个还是很好理解的。那么2019年的考研数学应该不会太简单，毕竟考研是一个选拔性的考试，需要选拔高级人才。不管咋样我们给大家几点意见：第一、数学在基础复习的时候不要想到什么考什么不考，早点准备，过课本的时候都要面面俱到。第二、不要用真题来评价自己的能力，因为真题在你做其他题的时候都会涉及到一些。第三、一定要多做模拟试题，给模拟试题留充足的时间，免得在考场上自己不适应。希望对大家有帮助，我们是知了网伴随，大学生成长的趣味、高效在线学习平台，欢迎关注我们每天的原创文章，更多的考研、四六级等内容请关注我，点关注不迷路，也欢迎大家私下交流，如若认同请帮忙分享转发。

2021年考研数学（一）题库【历年真题＋章节题库＋模拟试题】第一部分历年真题2019年全国硕士研究生招生考试考研数学一真题及详解 2018年全国硕士研究生招生考试考研数学一真题及详解 2017年全国硕士研究生招生考试考研数学一真题及详解 2016年全国硕士研究生招生考试考研数学一真题及详解 2015年全国硕士研究生招生考试考研数学一真题及详解 2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研数学一真题及详解 2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研数学一真题及详解 2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研数学一真题及详解 2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研数学一真题及详解 2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研数学一真题及详解 2009年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研数学一真题及详解 2008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研数学一真题及详解 第二部分　章节题库 高等数学 第一章　函数、极限、连续 第二章　一元函数微分学 第三章　一元函数积分学 第四章　向量代数和空间解析几何 第五章　多元函数微分学 第六章　多元函数积分学 第七章　无穷级数 第八章　常微分方程 线性代数 第一章　行列式 第二章　矩　阵 第三章　向　量 第四章　线性方程组 第五章　矩阵的特征值和特征向量 第六章　二次型 概率论与数理统计 第一章　随机事件和概率 第二章　随机变量及其分布 第三章　多维随机变量及其分布 第四章　随机变量的数字特征 第五章　大数定律和中心极限定理 第六章　数理统计的基本概念 第七章　参数估计 第八章　假设检验 第三部分　模拟试题 全国硕士研究生招生考试考研数学一模拟试题及详解（一） 全国硕士研究生招生考试考研数学一模拟试题及详解（二） 全国硕士研究生招生考试考研数学一模拟试题及详解（三） 更多资料2021年考研数学（一）考试大纲解析2021年考研数学（一）全套资料2021年考研数学（一）考前冲刺班找学习资料就上畅学苑学习网，助您乘风破浪一次通关！

2019公共课，考研平均分以及难度系数公布了！这是教育部考试中心整理的官方数据，而且样本容量大、分析全面，因此具有很高的参考价值。难度系数如何计算如果90%的考生做对这道题，这道题的难度系数就是0.9，难度系数与难度成反比，即难度系数越小，难度越大。英语难度分析一、2019考研英语真题全国平均分 英语一 48.59分 难度系数0.486英语二 52.66分 难度系数0.527二、2019年考研英语难度分析 2019考研英语一抽取了326936名考生的试卷作统计分析，结果如下：从结果看，19考研英语一平均分与18年考研持平，试卷难度不变，标准差与信度也与前两年持平。但是阅读理解A节比18年要难，小作文比18年简单，大作文则更难，整体难度持平。这里我们可以看到考研试卷难度稳定，19年的试题质量很高，难度合理~这也说明考研公共课是很公平的，能够检测大家的真实水平，试题没有投机取巧的余地。英语二的统计数据包含262460位考生的成绩，结果如下：从以上表格可以看出，2017年-2019年英语二的试卷中，阅读理解部分和写作部分难度整体稳定，翻译部分难度较前两年略微提高，但是，A节要稍难于往年，B节比往年稍易。此外，今年英语增加的多事热点部分的词语，相信可能会围绕国际文化交流等出一些问题。数学难度分析2019考研数学真题全国平均分情况如下：数学一65.69 难度系数0.438 难度偏大数学二71.87 难度系数0.479 难度略大数学三76.80 难度系数0.512 难度适中这里将往年平均分一起作了一个对比，结果如下：对于数学来说，大小年的难度很明显：「奇数年较高，偶数年较低」。15年、17年、19年相对简单，16年、18年、20年则会相对难。大家也可发现，19考研数学一和18年持平，数学一二三难度有所分化。从往年数据来看，数学一和数学二在2020考研中难度会有所增大，但不必担心会难出天际，数学三难度应会略有提高，也不应变化太大，不必过于紧张。数学现在不论是二刷强化还是启动真题一刷，做错还是做对，都不要在意得了多少分，一定要将做过的题纳入自己的知识体系和思维结构，不断巩固和加强解题能力。记住：20考研数学是一场硬仗！，必须潜心钻研！政治难度分析首先声明：管理类联考是不考政治的。目前并没有公布平均分及难度系数，但2020政治考研大纲已经公布了，对比去年的考试大纲，只是做了微调。根据往年的数据，政治平均分基本在56~59分之间，人数最多的区间为60～70分。难度系数也是属于中度难度。政治往年的考试题型，16个单选，17个多选，五道分析题。从已发布的大纲来看政治题目也应当依旧稳定，选择题难度可以参考往年。不过，因为每年大题热点都不同的，具体还是要根据自身掌握程度，制定相关复习计划。公共课均分分析由以上列出的平均分以及以往的经验，我们可以简要分析一下各科公共课的特点：政治：政治的均分一般在65分左右，不管是985学校还是211学校，录取生中政治分数差别不大。因此建议大家65保底，往70+冲。当然如果专业是新闻等比较偏文科的专业，大家的政治水平都比较高，建议考到70+。英语：英语是一门你觉得大家都考65，但实际上别人个个70+的科目。因此如果你之前的目标是65的话，就请你再努努力了，65在211学校中属于一般水平，在985学校中甚至有些拖后腿了。数学：数学由于数一、数二、数三难度不同而有所差别；一般来说，985学校数学均分还是在120+的，对于211学校，数学均分也在100+的水平，看下自己有没有达到哦。需要注意的是，以上只是平均分，如果想在复试中有些竞争优势，这些分数可是不够的哦。总而言之，加油努力吧，分数越高越好!希望大家都能好好把握剩下的两个多月，争取一战成硕！

来源：大学考研帮手公众号1、深圳大学其它-99物理化学2005真题2、深圳大学国际贸易学919西方经济学2012真题3、深圳大学土木工程908土木工程结构综合知识一2017真题4、深圳大学物理学(915)普通物理2012年真题5、深圳大学其它(-99)广告学2011年真题6、深圳大学体育学(724)体育理论综合2012年真题7、深圳大学生物学(934)细胞生物学2012年真题8、深圳大学社会工作437社会工作实务2018真题9、深圳大学社会工作437社会工作实务2017真题10、深圳大学社会工作437社会工作实务2015真题11、深圳大学其它-99物理化学2004真题12、深圳大学其它-99现代设计史、论2008真题13、深圳大学行政管理-99行政与管理理论2008真题14、深圳大学电路与系统(904)电子技术基础2011年真题15、深圳大学其它(-99)法语2011年真题16、深圳大学其它(-99)法语2012年真题17、深圳大学其它(-99)法语2013年真题18、深圳大学数学(935)高等代数2013年真题19、深圳大学设计学(933)专业设计一2013年真题20、深圳大学其它(-99)专业设计2011年真题21、深圳大学艺术设计(719)专业造型基础2013年真题22、深圳大学其它-99心理学综合2004真题23、深圳大学其它-99思想政治教育原理2005真题24、深圳大学其它-99技术经济2005真题25、深圳大学其它-99建筑专业知识(建筑历史或城市规划原理)2008真题26、深圳大学其它-99建筑历史2004真题27、深圳大学其它-99建筑设计2005真题28、深圳大学其它-99城市规划原理2005真题29、深圳大学其它-99基础英语2005真题30、深圳大学其它-99外国文学2005真题31、深圳大学其它-99工程力学2004真题32、深圳大学其它-99工程项目管理2004真题33、深圳大学其它-99工程项目管理2005真题34、深圳大学其它-99工程力学2005真题35、深圳大学艺术学理论(931)艺术评论写作2013年真题36、深圳大学戏剧与影视学(708)艺术概论通识2013年真题37、深圳大学政治学(704)政治学理论2011年真题38、深圳大学行政管理(703)政治学理论与方法2012年真题39、深圳大学行政管理(703)政治学理论与方法2013年真题40、深圳大学中国语言文学(710)中国文学史2012年真题41、深圳大学中国语言文学(710)中国文学史2013年真题42、深圳大学控制科学与工程(906)自动控制原理一2011年真题43、深圳大学管理科学与工程(916)运筹学2013年真题44、深圳大学区域经济学916西方经济学2006真题45、深圳大学化学(717)有机化学2011年真题46、深圳大学国际贸易学916西方经济学2006真题47、深圳大学国际贸易学919西方经济学2006真题48、深圳大学化学(717)有机化学2012年真题49、深圳大学艺术学理论(931)艺术评论写作2012年真题50、深圳大学生物学(934)细胞生物学2011年真题51、深圳大学戏剧与影视学(928)戏剧表演与语言传播艺术通识2013年真题52、深圳大学金融学916西方经济学2004真题53、深圳大学金融学916西方经济学2007真题54、深圳大学金融学916西方经济学2008真题55、深圳大学其它-99政治经济学2005真题56、深圳大学其它-99法学综合2005真题57、深圳大学其它-99法学综合2004真题58、深圳大学其它-99法语2004真题59、深圳大学其它-99法语2005真题60、深圳大学学科教学(语文)946教育心理学综合2012真题61、深圳大学学科教学(英语)946教育心理学综合2012真题62、深圳大学现代教育技术946教育心理学综合2012真题63、深圳大学学前教育946教育心理学综合2012真题64、深圳大学学科教学(英语)946教育心理学综合2013真题65、深圳大学心理健康教育946教育心理学综合2013真题66、深圳大学国际贸易学919西方经济学2011真题67、深圳大学区域经济学916西方经济学2013真题68、深圳大学其它(-99)传播学2011年真题69、深圳大学美术学(932)创作2011年真题70、深圳大学美术学(932)创作2012年真题71、深圳大学数学(716)数学分析2011年真题72、深圳大学数学(716)数学分析2013年真题73、深圳大学其它-99古代汉语2004真题74、深圳大学其它-99国际公法2005真题75、深圳大学其它-99国际经济法2004真题76、深圳大学其它-99应用语言学基础2005真题77、深圳大学其它-99建筑专业知识(城建筑历史或市规划原理)2008真题78、深圳大学美术学-99美术基础理论2004真题79、深圳大学美术学-99美术基础理论2005真题80、深圳大学哲学(709)中国哲学史2011年真题81、深圳大学哲学(709)中国哲学史2012年真题82、深圳大学哲学(709)中国哲学史2013年真题83、深圳大学艺术设计(947)专业设计二2013年真题84、深圳大学艺术设计(719)专业造型基础2012年真题85、深圳大学控制工程(940)自动控制原理二2011年真题86、深圳大学控制工程(940)自动控制原理二2012年真题87、深圳大学控制科学与工程(906)自动控制原理一2012年真题88、深圳大学控制科学与工程(906)自动控制原理一2013年真题89、深圳大学日语语言文学(949)综合日语2012年真题90、深圳大学(331)社会工作原理初试笔记91、深圳大学国际贸易学916西方经济学2004真题92、深圳大学金融学919西方经济学2004真题93、深圳大学区域经济学916西方经济学2005真题94、深圳大学其它-99传播理论与研究方法2004真题95、深圳大学其它-99体育概论2005真题96、深圳大学其它-99信息与系统2004真题97、深圳大学其它-99光电子技术基础2008真题98、深圳大学其它-99数字电路2008真题99、深圳大学其它-99数据结构2008真题100、深圳大学其它-99数据结构2004真题

专硕334一、策划共和国勋章获得者袁LP的耐盐碱水稻在塔克拉玛干沙漠大面积试种成功，提升国家粮食安全保障水平，写一篇报道策划方案。简析：持续考察了两年的专题策划，终于又回到了报道策划。18年以前华科策划题目的规律是一年报道策划一年采访提纲。自18年起，连续两年考察了专题策划。因此明年考察采访提纲也是未尝不可。从题材来看，可发现华科还是延续了往年的比较红的风格，消息题材亦如此，建议考华科的同学平常多注意这些国家大事！二、消息华尔街日报体的消息写球鞋炒卖简析：据考生反映今年最难的应该就是消息改写了，华科往年都是考察的金字塔结构，但是今年考察的是华尔街日报体。华尔街日报体并不是一个少见的题材，很多学校都考过。这也给了来年考生一个警醒，不要紧盯着惯有风格，多想想还可能会考什么？其他学校考过什么？简答(传播学方向)三、简答题1、传播学研究方法（暑期课程讲过）2、记者和信源的关系简析：看到这两题，差点以为这是学硕的题目，但是仔细一看，网络传播学改为了传播学，故考察这两道题也是情理之中了。华科无论是本科生培养还是硕士生培养体系都非常注重研究方法的规范性，罗列传播学研究方法这应该是研究方法中最基础的，这两道题也都是算比较基础的题目了，爱传播基础课程中都讲过，但这并不意味着明年还是这么基础的题目，毕竟今年是改为传播学的第一年。四、论述智能算法时代，把关人在今日头条这种媒体中是否消解。（微博预测100题/模拟考出现了原题）简析：这道题是北京师范大学2018年的真题，爱传播模拟考、冲刺课和微博预测100题都详细讲解过，同时这也是张明新院长2019年的一篇论文内容。这类题目考察的是旧理论在新环境下的变化，考前必备题目。目前新闻传播学科论述题都不会单纯地考察一个旧理论，毕竟论述题是要有点难度的，因此旧理论+新变化是整体的一个考察趋势，这也要求考生在考前复习中多多注意这一点。（多看相关论文多做整理）三、简答(评论方向)1.论据的选择和使用的重要性2.网络新闻评论的新特点评论实务 量子波动速读（公众号推送）简析：评论题目整体和往年真题一样较为基础，一道很传统的题目，一道和网络、新媒体相关的题目，外加一个热点时评，爱传播评论课都讲过，热点时评题材也说过，公众号押题也出过。华科无论是复试考评论还是初试考评论无外乎三类题材：教育（2018复试）、社会（2017、2018）、政治（2019），对比其他方向的题目，不偏不难，评论题目是最简单的，今年比较容易出高分。简析总评：整体来说，334还是保持着华科惯有的题型风格，策划、消息简答和论述，整体来说题目考察要求更为偏向基础，题目难度一般，但基本都是很容易被考生忽略的小知识点，比如华尔街日报体和记者和信源的关系。往年华科是很喜欢考察往年真题，从今年出其不意的风格来看，我们能发现试卷透露出的摆脱惯例的意味。所以这给了21级考生一个复习的方向，多年没考过的知识点也得多看几眼。专硕440一、简答经验学派和批判学派的差别（公众号推送）隐性采访的原则 （基础课）我国当前新闻传播体制 （基础课）传统媒体结构的三驾马车新文化运动的报刊改革大众报刊的特点简析：除了三架马车的题目外，其他题目均比较简单和常见，爱传播系列课程中均有提及过。三架马车考察的是媒介经营管理的内容，参考书有简单提及过，三驾马车是10-15年的学界热点。这道题如果不会写，真的不能怪你们。给21级考生的建议，平常多看一些核心期刊的论文，不管看不看得懂，多瞅几眼总是没错的。二、论述第三人效果现实意义和学术价值（公众号推送）5g应用下的媒体融合前景 （公众号推送/ 微博预测100题）延安整风后的中共党报理论的主要观点媒介审判事件的表现形式，原因，影响。（基础课）简析：今年440的论述题属于送分题，比较简单。新颖的点有两点，第一点在于考察了华科“千百年”都没有考过的第三人效果，出其不意，类似的理论华科很多年都没考过的还有分众理论和框架理论，来年考生可多多注意。第二点在于考察了5G热点和媒介融合热点，媒介融合是华科每年都会考察的，变着法地玩花样，对比华科老师们的论文，但花样也是有迹可循的，5G的这道题正好就是张明新院长今年在《新闻爱好者》上发的一篇文章内容。简析总评：440和334一样，都还是保持着较为基础的风格，不难，但偶尔有一两个较偏的题目，风格无大变。从440的真题来看，建议21级的考生注意几点，一要多背书，书上的内容还是不能丢，二复习时需要注意频考点和从来没考过的知识点，三考纲和参考书目录很重要，华科考察的题目都不难，也都不是小的知识点；四注意华科博导们的论文，至少近三年的需要看看。学硕620一、名词解释弥尔顿论出版自由全媒体传播体系（冲刺课程）时务报（基础课）邹韬奋（基础课）（公众号推送）沉默螺旋（公众号推送）把关人（公众号推送）二、简答1.新闻价值的客观性与真实性（基础课）2.时报的特点地位（基础课）3.我国新闻传播体制4.马克思办报历程5.新闻框架（公众号推送）6.国家主权与信息主权（冲刺课程）三、论述1.算法在数据新闻的应用及伦理 （微博预测100题）2.互联网对新闻传播新秩序的影响 （公众号推送、冲刺课程）3.议程设置理论的特点 （微博预测100题、公众号推送）简析总评：整体来说，学硕上午卷题目比较简单，都是非常基础的题目，这些内容爱传播基础课都基本讲过。同时这些题目看着眼熟，对比了下往年专硕真题发现，很多知识点都是专硕曾经考察过的题目，换汤不换药，问法有变，但是知识点没有变化。这部分的真题考察的热点有两个，一个是考察了算法在数据新闻的应用伦理，根本上考察的是技术伦理。技术伦理是华科最喜欢考察的，专硕的网传（现为传播学）方向几乎每年都会有一个技术伦理的真题。二一个是根据互联网40周年考察了互联网对新闻传播秩序的影响，但是这道题也不难，虽然没有论文可寻，但是钟瑛老师那本网络传播学概论有提及。故，21级考生复习的时候一定要多背，这部分背好书了就是王者，同时也可以用专硕的440复习资料（可参考爱传播华科复习资料），考察内容覆盖面基本一样，只不过多了名词解释题型而已。学硕866一、策划题(30分) 大别山地区红色形象宣传策划报道 。二、消息改写 (40分) 鹦歌山保护区工作站迎来了27名大学生。评论方向三、新闻评论1.简述新闻评论作为政论体裁文体， 有哪些特征？(20分) 2.后真相时代，新闻评论创作者如何防止写作的"'青绪化" (20分) 四、评论(40分) 就当前世界发展状况， 结合材料互联网大会的主题"携手共建网络空间共同体", 以及X互联网发展新理念， 写一篇800字的评论。 简析总评：886对应的是专硕的334，题型一样，一道策划一道消息改写加上方向选题。今年是华科恢复学硕招生的第二年，较之去年的真题，今年的题目难度整体下降，重基础是最大的特征。值得注意的是学硕的策划并没有像专硕重新闻方向的，今年出的题是公关广告方向的题目，这提醒了学硕的考生们在备考时需注意练习多种策划提醒，包括专题策划、采访提纲、公关策划、宣传策划等等，毕竟陈先红老师带头的公关和舒咏平老师带头的广告学科也是华科新闻学院的王牌专业。新闻评论和专硕的334一样，基础理论1题，联系热点的评论1题，实务评论1题，题材内容两者也都有相同之处，复习方法可一样。建议考学硕的同学在备考时也可参考专硕的理念真题。此外，去年学硕考的研究计划虽然今年没考，但是考生在备考时依旧需要重点复习。作者: 羽生编辑: 羽生主编：羽生我是爱酱，专注新传考研辅导五年，想得到更多新传前沿热点及干货分享，可以关注我，或请关注公众号：爱传播。

这位应该是考研党的数学大神，满分150分！2021年的考研成绩下来了，这位兄弟报考的是上海大学，其中，数学二得了满分150分！现在经济不景气，就业压力大，许多本科毕业生都会优选考研深造，根据教育部统计数据，2021年，全国研究生报名人数377万，较2020年的341万净增加36万人，创历史新高，这已经是自2017年以来的连续五年增长！2020年，全国研究生招生规模达到111.4万人，报录比为3.1：1。考研总分500分，各科满分如下：政治100分；英语100分；数学或专业基础150分；专业课150分。其中：管理类联考分数是300分（包括英语二100分，管理类综合200分）。尽管这位大神数学满分150，但有点偏科，尤其是政治，总分393分，也只排在第26名！考研数学分数学一、数学二和数学三，其中数学一最难！不过，在考研究生时，能够拿到数学满分，也是相当的不容易，实力满满，鹤立鸡群，值得点赞！

2020考研英语一真题及答案【完整版】！【完形】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案（1-20）1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up【阅读】Section III Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for Zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. "A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a "town of culture" award could [A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as [A] a sensible compromise.[B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-cotching bonus.[D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it [A] endeavours to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present [A] a contrasting case.[B] a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D] a related topic.25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical[B] Objective[C] Favourable[D] Critical答案（21-25）21.D focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.B a self-deceiving attempt.23.D commits to its long-term growth.24.B a supporting example.25.C Favourable.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money, Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the proction of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing instry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers proced in the world, made profits of more than f 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than f 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every pay walled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms; either freely available from the moment of publication,or pay walled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their proct free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around500 to $5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these "article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because [A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.!27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have [A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing instry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? [A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned.[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms [A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] rece the cost of publication substantially.[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D] The few feed on the many.答案（26-30）26.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27.A thrived mainly on university libraries.28.D Encouraged.29.A allow publishers some room to make money.30.D The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are lessthan40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feelgood but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will [A] help little to rece gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the Califormia measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C] It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate [A] the harm from arbitrary board decision. [B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to [A] the underestimation of elite women's role[B] the objection to female participation on boards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women's need in employment should be considered.[B] Feasibility, should be a prime concern in policy making.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.答案（31-35）31.A help little to rece gender bias.32.C It may go against the Constitution.33.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.35.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.Text4 :Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a"GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple, Facebook and Amazon-in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax).Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance, law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union. Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach aconsensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to [A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax [A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that [A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work [A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to in involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy答案（36-40）36.C impose alevy on tech multinationals.37.A may trigger countermeasures against France.38.B the current international tax system needs upgrading39.C is faced with uncertain prospects.40.B France leads the charge on Digital TaxPart B Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fix actions are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated [F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor ring a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact: We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In althood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42. Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer ring a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond ring direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.44. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image. are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45. In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues "Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.答案（41-45）41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signal42.E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43.G Eye contact can also be aggressive44.A Eye fixactions are brief45.D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence ring the 14h century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17h century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored itellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) Before each of their revelations many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking.including the geo-centric view that the Earth was a the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory ring a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress. this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe ring most of 17h century. (49) As many took on the ty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17h and I8h centuries were times of radical change and curiosity, Scientific method,rectionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase' sapere aude' or dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay" An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?".It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.答案（46-50）46.随着教会的教义和思维方式在文艺复兴时期黯然失色，中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合，从而出现了新的及尚未开发的知识领域。47.在每个真理揭示之前，当时的许多思想家都采用了更古老的思维方式，仍旧沿用以前的思维模式，其中包括认为地球是宇宙中心的地球中心说。48.尽管教会试图镇压这-代逻辑学家和理性主义者，但人们对宇宙如何运转的解释却越来越多，并且以-种不容忽视的速度在增加。49.当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时，文艺复兴时代已经结束，并且开启了一个新的时代。50.此类寻求知识和了解已知信息的行为被拉丁语概括为：“sapere aude"即"敢于求知”作文Section ll WritingPart A51. Directions:The students union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest. White a notice in about 100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice. (10 points)小作文：通知留学生唱歌比赛 【参考范文】NoticeDec.21, 2019In order to enrich the campus life and provide the colorful life for you, the Students' Union is preparing the upcoming singing contest, which will be held in the auditorium in our university on the evening of December 31, 2019. Now, the Union is recruiting contestants for this competition.Anyone who are fond of signing or interested in the competition, please send his or her application to students’union@sohu.com before next Wednesday. Besides, there are generous awards in gratitude for this activity. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any queries concerning the singing contest. Meanwhile, volunteers for this activity are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs.We are looking forward to your participation.The Students' UnionPart B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below, In your essay, you should1) Describe the picture briefly,2) Interpret the implied meaning, and3) Give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)大作文：习惯良好的时间管理习惯 【参考范文】Portrayed distinctively by the two cartoons above is an impressive scene: a girl in the left picture is doing homework and saying that early completion is better. Nevertheless, the boy in the right picture is sitting in front of the desk and saying that he will not finish the homework until the last minute.Undoubtedly, the symbolic implication of the pictures is to show us that importance should be attached to the formation of good habits, especially the good habit of time management. On the one hand, efficient time management is critical to personal development. As the old saying goes,“Time is money," and in the fast-paced modern life, it seems that we always have a lot of things to do and we are very busy. In the face of such a situation, we have to realize that efficiency holdsthe key to saving time and time management skills hold the key to personal success. On the other hand, good time management habits play a vital role in the development of the whole society. There is no doubt that, to a large extent, social progress is closely related to the efforts of each indivial. If we can develop the good habit of time management, we are much more likely to improve efficiency and have a better performance in the learning and working process, which is anintegral part of social advances and prosperity.From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that the sense of efficient time management skills is of equal importance in personal and social progress.Therefore,we ought to take advantage of the phenomenon to enlighten the public and the press is expected to take a lead in advertising the value of developing good time management habits. 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2020年的研究生考试终于落下了帷幕，从备考到开考，一路走来，是考研学子的早起，是考研学子的晚睡，更是考研学子的那一份青春。按理说考研历程如此辛苦，考完了就应该放松了。然而，却有不少研友们开心不起来。从考研公布报考人数后，2020年考研的关注度就一直居高不下。超341万的研究生考试报名人数，不仅再次创造了报考的新高，而且也让今年的考研上岸的形式十分严峻。原本严峻的考研形势就已让研友们有苦难说，然而开考后的试题，更是让研友们泪流满面。思政不少研友押错了方向，英语也有不少网友表示看不懂，到了数学，研友们还直接翻车。同今年高考时的数学一样，研究生数学一考完便登上网络热搜。高考时，学生们吐槽维纳斯，吐槽一朵云。研究生考完，没有吐槽，有的只是各种表情包。总结一句话就是，数一考完崩了，数二考完裂开了，数三没希望了。既然如此，2020年的研究生考试数学有多难呢？2020年的研究生考试数学有多难，最有发言权的就是参与了今年考试的研友嘛。通过对整个网络留言的梳理，几乎没有说不难的学生。有些研友甚至表示，做了那么多真题，并且还做了很多比真题更难的模拟，可是在数二面前却发现自己竟然是渣渣。还有一些研友们表示，数学一直都是自己引以为傲的的科目，结果却是感觉难度可以再高点，反正也不会做。研考数学上了热搜，还很难。那么，今年的研考数学真的就难吗？毕竟今年高考的时候，也说数学难，但最后的结果却是分数一个比一个高。由此可见，虽然都说难，但最后的结果却是不难。至于研究生考试会不会如此，目前还不能得知。不过即使难了，最后的分数线也会下降。研究生的招考计划就在那里摆着，即便数学只有60分，总分到位了，依然还是有你的位置。所以，没有必要再去纠结数学的难与不难。与其纠结，还不如好好放松下自己。即使今年没有上岸，明年再来就是了。每年研考的时候，都会有人将研究生考试拿来和高考做比较。虽然两者没有直接的可比性，但是却有着共性。高考的题型稳定，即使试题偏难，基础扎实的考生，还是会拿到不错的分数。研究生考试的试题更为灵活，试题难了，基础扎实的考生，它们的分数同样不会低到哪里去。就拿今年数三来说，不少研友都在争论到底考得是泰勒中值定理，还是拉格朗日中值定理。如果基础都扎实了，会有这样的争论吗。基础都扎实了，肯定不会有这样的争论。所以研考数学再难，基础却是关键。客观的说，今年的研考数学虽不像有些研友说的那样是近十年最难，但是今年的试题也不简单。目前还不能得知最后的结果，但肯定会有不少考生，倒在了数学上。倒在了数学上怎么办？早一点开始备战2021年的研考，在备考的过程中，多花一点时间在巩固基础上，同时再多练一些试题。2019年考研国家线是3月15日公布，2018年考研国家线是3月16日公布，2017年则是3月15日。从近三年的考研国家线公布日期来看，基本上都是3月15日左右。因此2020年的国家线也会在这个时候公布。现在距离国家线的公布还有小三个月时间，考研不同于高考，每个考生考研复试的专业课不同，学校也不同。这个阶段，尽量留意一下自己报考大学的考研专业课考察方向，从而减轻考研复试的压力。