考研试题解答

考研解答来啦！你最关心的两个问题，看完就明白啦2018年末的钟声即将敲响，新的一年即将到来。新的一年里你希望做到的是什么，希望得到的是什么，你需要怎么样去实现它，对于即将在2020 年考研的大三学生来说，也该进入考研的准备期了。关于考研的前期准备知识，有很多各式各样的问题，其中最多的不乏就是我在考研准备期间是不是需要报班？我在考研准备期间是不是需要联系导师或者学长学姐？今天这篇文章就是想大家解释，碰到这两个问题，我们应该如何处理？1.考研准备期间需不需要报班？对于考研期间是不是需要报班的问题，可能需要从很多角度去考虑。首先，是看个人需要，考研无外乎就是英语、数学、政治、专业课，对于跨考的同学来说，我的建议是报一个补习班，因为跨考的专业课需要建立一个完整的知识体系，而这对于时间短，任务重的考研复习来说，在短期内建立一个完整的知识体系是非常困难的。所以说，对于跨考的同学，经济条件允许的情况下还是先报一个班一起学习比较好。同时，考研复习时一个非常孤独枯燥的过程，报班学习也可以能让自己体会到考研的氛围，减少考研过程中的孤独感，无助感。最重要的是，对于自制力比较弱的同学来说，报一个班也能够更好的监督自己的学习。另外，还有这类同学比较适合报考研班，英语，数学基础能力比较薄弱的考生更加适合报一个公共课的全程班，因为这两个科目的内容，毕竟都不是一蹴而就的，而是需要长期的练习和知识的积淀才能无得一定的进步的。2.考研期间需不需要提前联系目标院校的导师或者是师兄师姐？其实，考研不只是学习的战斗，不只是比谁比较刻苦。考研在一定程度上可以算作是一场信息战，在考研的时候，我们需要提前得到相关院校的专业课资料和目标院校的历年老师真题，以此来作为自己考研复习的指导，这些东西除了可以跟目标院校的师兄师姐索取之外，还有其他的渠道可以获得，所以说，与师兄师姐取得联系不是必要的。那联系导师就更不必说了，在初试之前，联系导师是没有意义的，因为这个时期，一切都还没有定下来，只有在初试之后，才有必要去联系导师，询问相关的知道情况。

2020考研初试已经结束了，紧张复习了一年时间，终于可以稍微放松下了，紧绷的神经也得到了休息，休息过后，大家还有好好准备下复试，不管知不知道考试成绩，也要好好准备下，本校本专业的考生可能不需要过多准备，但是那些跨专业跨地区跨院校考试的考生，可是要好好的准备了。初试过后，各种真题资源及答案满天飞，不过有的题目不准，有的没有答案，有的缺少试题。今天给大家来过来的也是真题，完整高清版本，可以拿去打印。想要获取历年真题资料PDF版的可以评论留言获取。2020考研真题：政治真题及答案解析，高清完整版来源：文都（免责及版权声明：仅供个人研究学习，不涉及商业盈利，如有侵权请及时联系删除，观点仅代表作者本人，不代表本号立场）

小编今天一早起来发现一年一度的考研政治热搜又回来了，大部分人反映今年的考研政治题不难，并且非常多机构都表示压中题目，快来一起看看题目，欢迎留下你的态度。小编真的觉得政治考的绝对不仅仅是背诵的问题，是逻辑简单来说就是你好好审题以后抓住的题眼首先我们看一下真题(大题部分)。非常常规五道题，第一道题马原部分，第二道题毛中特，第三道题史纲，第四道题思修部分。34.马原马原部分我们的策略就是背好那些原理然后对应作答就可以，今年的第一道考题是实践是检验真理的唯一标准如果没记错的话，高中我们就已经学过了是不是？第二道题实践的重要性，这个问题并没有为难我们。马原部分我们的策略就是背好那些原理然后对应作答就可以，今年的时间是检验真理的唯一标准如果没记错的话，高中我们就已经学过了是不是？35.毛中特36.史纲毛中特一般是比较难的部分但是今年考的重大时政不考的宝宝们也知道今年是改革开放40周年纪念日，所以从选材上并没有为难大家；史纲属于简单部分，小编知道很多考研老师考前都会给史纲的答题模板，而且今年的考题史纲部分的题目两次飞跃，马克思给我们指明了方向都是平时大家耳熟能详的内容。37.思修思修部分第一问思想品质类，就是中华民族的传统精神品质的重要意义，第二问法律层面的讲述重要精神品质的重要性，首先得说一下社会主义法律在我国的地位吧，再联系一下为什么要用法律去保护，也就是保护了以后的意义；最后一部分时政外交，即使没有复习也能说上两句是不是？38.时政综上所诉，今年的政治之所以被大家说是简单的很大一部分原因就是材料和提问都是很老套的，就算不考研的宝宝们也熟悉的题目。对于没准备的宝宝们，只要你们逻辑清晰、言之有、结合材料、选择题好好做小编相信分数也不会很差，所以不要担心政治了大家好好准备剩余的几门。预测今年政治分数会高一些！

复试快要来了！而无论是网络复试还是现场复试，和老师的交流都是必不可少的。这短短十几分钟就是老师通过交流来主观判断学生的一些个人素质、专业能力以及精神面貌等。而在这看似友好平和的交流中，实则处处有坑。那么说哪些话会让老师想刷掉你呢？又要怎么说才能让老师对你有好感呢？小编为同学们罗列了几个最有可能会被问到的问题，一句一句教同学们怎么答！同时，还为同学们总结分类了共73个问题，帮助同学们在面试中所向披靡。第一类：选择类典型问题：你为什么考我们学校？踩坑回答一：实力不够，xx学校考不上，于是选择了xx学校。小编说：哪怕这是你内心真实想法也千万千万不能这么说！这不是搬起石头砸自己的脚么？！还把学校暗暗贬低了一番！踩坑回答二：因为xx学校很好，我很喜欢xx学校，所以就选择了报考贵校。小编说：已经进入到研究生复试了，这种没想法很笼统的回答只会给老师传递出你敷衍随意的态度。避坑回答：老师，我很喜欢xx专业，以后想在xxx领域发展。xx大学在xx领域取得过很多成果，位于业内前沿，师资力量雄厚，无论是学习氛围科研水平还是就业方面都很不错，所以我非常想进入xx大学学习深造。小编说：这类问题就一个字，夸！但夸不是随随便便的彩虹屁，一定要夸到点子上，体现出你对学校专业有了解，很向往。同类型问题归纳： 1、你为什么选择我们学校？2、离家这么远，为什么选择我们学校？3、已经工作了，为什么来考我们学校的xx专业，是为了考公务员吗?第二类：院校/专业选择类典型问题：你为什么选择跨考？踩坑回答：我喜欢xx专业所以选择跨考。虽然我是跨考，但我一定会利用接下来两三年时间夯实基础，努力迎头赶上，努力做研究。小编说：你说你喜欢，那你为此付出的努力在哪里呢？喜欢不是你嘴上说着喜欢就真的是喜欢。另外，口说无凭。我怎么知道你会不会和本科一样浑浑噩噩浪费时间呢？避坑回答：在本科阶段，因xx契机对xx专业产生了兴趣，在课外我研读了这个专业的一些相关内容，随着深入的了解，发现自己更喜欢xx专业，希望得到系统正规的学术训练，所以决定跨考xx专业，希望有幸在读研阶段得到老师提点。小编说：这类问题一定不要泛泛而谈喜欢、情怀！而要说说契机，再说说为了这份喜欢憧憬做了些什么，付出了些什么。要不然老师怎么知道你是真的喜欢还是为了混学历？同类型问题归纳： 1、你为什么选择这个专业？2、你本科的专业是什么？请你简单陈述一下3、你对目标专业的研究方向有什么了解，谈谈你的看法。4、你认为自己的本科专业和现在所跨考的专业有什么互补性或者借鉴性？5、你本科是xx专业的，那么你来做个评价吧，这个专业有什么特色?第三类：研究生规划类典型问题：你研究生期间有什么规划？/研究生期间有什么研究设想？踩坑回答一：对xx专业还不甚了解，所以自己暂时没有太明确的想法，想进来以后跟着老师一起探索研究方向。小编说：你这不是明摆着告诉老师你是一个小白吗？还是需要老师手把手教的且毫无规划的小白。踩坑回答二：研究生期间我会认真学习，努力多发SCI。小编说：还是那句话，已经要读研了，你还是这么笼统这么没方向吗？认真学习，究竟怎么学？避坑回答一：我一直有关注xx领域的动态，目前我知道贵校在xx领域取得了很大成就，尤其是xx，我拜读过xx论文，对这个方向很感兴趣，希望能够在这个领域有所收获。小编说：如果你实在不知道怎么说，就回顾下自己所学的专业知识，谈谈自己的兴趣点。避坑回答二：我一直都在关注xx领域的动态。据我浅薄的了解，目前的主流研究方向是xx，但是个人认为在xx方向上存在不足。经过我的学习和尝试，我采取xx方法进行研究，大致罗列出以下的框架构想，希望老师能指教提点。小编说：能够这样的回答一定要确保自己专业知识过硬，要注意文献回顾。这样回答容易引起老师的兴趣但同时也容易被，务必做好应对，虚心接受老师建议，切忌在面试和老师百花争鸣。同类型问题归纳：1、在毕业以后你想做些什么?2、你对自己未来五年有什么样的规划?3、你今后想从事什么方向的学习？为什么？4、你这么优秀，有考虑过出国读研吗?5、你是否有出国的打算?你对出国有什么看法?第四类：专业知识测试类典型问题：你看过xx学者的XX书吗？踩坑回答：死搬硬套直接背诵。小编说：背诵默写不是应该在初试中就完成的吗？在面试你还直接背诵是想直接告诉老师你是应试型学生吗？避坑回答：提炼核心观点，逻辑清晰条理分明地去论述，切忌长篇大论，泛泛空谈，一问三不知。踩坑回答：不好意思老师，我没看过。小编说：虽然诚实是个好品质，但是这么说气氛就尴尬了哈。避坑回答：不好意思老师，我没有看过xx学者xx，但我阅读过xx学者的其他著作。其中，对xx印象尤其深刻……同类型问题归纳： 1、你看过哪些本专业相关的期刊或书本？2、你最近读过那些专业书或者论文？3、平时在看哪些书/哪些著作/哪些期刊？4、你看过XX吗?你对哪一条印象最为深刻？5、相关专业词汇或者专业术语的提问6、根据最近发生的事情，结合报考专业，说一说你的看法。7、你所知道的本专业近年来所取得的重大突破是什么?第五类：本科生活回顾类问题五：个人经历/大学四年都做了些什么？踩坑回答：好像什么都没做，感觉四年很快就过去了。小编说：类似这些毫无生气的回答只会传递给人负面信息，完全看不到你在大学里学习、实践、爱好、实习等等方面的生活，也不能展现你的闪光点。避坑回答：可以结合自己的特长爱好和个人经历，就某次难忘经历具体谈谈，展现出自己的闪光点。也可就某次经历引出研究问题研究方向。小编说：这个问题答得好可以让老师看到你的时间管理能力、特长爱好、心理素质等等。不要让老师觉得你是浑浑噩噩无所事事的人。同类型问题归纳： 1、大学四年都做了些什么? /如何评价你的大学生活？2、本科让你觉得最自豪的事情是什么？3、你大学期间课余都做什么?读了哪些书?4、你本科考的比较好和比较差的科目?5、本科让你觉得最自豪的事是什么?6、你懂什么语言?水平如何?7、你考研英语这么高，六级怎么没过？8、你对自己的学习成绩满意吗?9、你曾取得的最大成就是什么?10、 对于你至今所取得的进步你是怎样看?11、你本科成绩怎么那么差?12、你本科期间最喜欢的课程是什么？13、通过本科专业的学习你学到了什么？第六类：毕业设计类典型问题：请你简单说说你的毕业论文踩坑回答：说实话师兄实在想不出这个问题同学们还会怎么踩坑，这已经是个非常具体不宽泛的问题了！避坑回答：准备好500字左右的毕业论设计的概括，其中毕业设计的灵感来源、写作思路、设计理念、表达思想、研究方法等。如果你是跨专业的考研党，可以先大致说说你本科的学习与研究，然后再结合本科专业，找到交叉点，说说对跨考专业的研究的一些启示。同类型问题归纳： 1、谈谈你的毕业论文/毕业设计。2、介绍一下你的本科毕设？请详细说明。3、你认为一篇优秀的论文需要具备哪些要素？4、你的毕业论文进展怎么样啦？5、你这个论文的选题思路是怎么样的？为什么选这个题目呀？想要解决什么问题？6、做过什么调研工作？会用什么研究方法？7、毕业实验做了什么?为什么这样做?觉得这样做有依据吗?概述一下自己的毕业论文。第七类：自我评价类典型问题：说说你的爱好特长和优缺点？踩坑回答：我没有什么特别的特长，平常喜欢看看电影听听歌看看书。我的优点是xxx，我的缺点是xxx。小编说：写到这里呢，不得不说一句了，有的同学呢，缺点就是太实诚！啥都心里话都往外说。避坑回答：我平常喜欢xx，我喜欢xx是因为……(这里可以举一件让你印象深刻的事）虽然xx只是我的爱好，作为我生活中的一小部分存在，但我从中收获了……我学习能力强、有责任心、吃苦耐劳、沟通能力好，不过有时候可能需要一些鞭策或者压力让我更有执行力。在以后的学习中我会更加努力提高执行力和做事效率。同类型问题归纳： 1、说说你的座右铭、你最喜欢的一本书、你的偶像等等2、你的爱好/特长/优缺点是什么3、你觉得自己哪方面能力比较突出?4、怎样证明你比别人优秀？5、你的优势是什么?你如何利用这些优势的?第八类：考研结果类典型问题：如果这次面试没有通过呢？小编说：这个问题呢大牙看到很多同学都说不知道要怎么说，觉得是死亡问题。其实这是典型的考察抗压能力的题，同学们呢也不要害怕，冷静回答就好。避坑回答：如果没有通过面试，我会觉得很遗憾，因为我对xx专业非常感兴趣，也非常喜欢xx学校，我非常希望能在贵校学习，在这个领域不断深耕。考研期间我非常努力，付出了很多，（此处可以举例子说说自己是如何坚持下来的）。但是，虽然有遗憾有难过，我也依然会复盘这场经历，认真分析反思自己的不足，努力调整状态做好下一步打算，这次的经历也是我未来的宝贵财富。同类型问题归纳： 1、如果这次面试没有通过呢？2、如果你没被录取会怎样?3、我为什么要录取你？4、如果你失败了, 你未来打算做什么?5、如果这次面试没通过呢，你会二战吗？6、你认为自己复试的表现如何？7、你在考研中遇到过困难吗？8、你在过去的备考中，遇到的最困难的事是什么？你是如何解决的？第九类：师生关系类典型问题：如果你和导师意见不合，你会怎么办？小编说：这个问题和上一题一样，也有些像一个钓鱼问题。太乖了吧显得你没有独立思考能力，太独立了吧显得你不服管，喜欢找事儿。避坑回答：我首先会去了解老师的想法，梳理自己的想法，了解我们意见不合的原因，我们的分歧究竟在哪里。作为一个学生，在学术研究上肯定有很多方面欠考虑，也许分歧就是因为我考虑的不够全面。相互了解本身也是一个学习过程。找出问题之后我们可以一起确定共同目标，根据目标调节我和老师的意见。同类型问题归纳： 1、如果和老师发生矛盾怎么解决，你的研究兴趣和老师的要求方向冲突怎么办?2、几位导师，你提前了解过么?3、有意向导师么?为什么想选他?你对他的研究方向有了解么?4、你最喜欢和什么样的人共事，为什么?第十类：针对本校生典型问题：你为什么考本校？小编说：这部分我们就不做赘述了，其实原理和第一个问题是一样的，所不同的是，由于是本校，老师可能会提一些较日常的问题，同学们也要注意避坑，不要答得太随意。建议同学们不要因为本校就掉以轻心，有的同学在学校呆了四年连校长名字都不知道，这就太说不过去了，本校的一些优势、历史自己要去看看。同类型问题归纳： 1、你说一下在座的老师各叫什么名字？2、你已经在这个学校四年了，你对这个学校有什么印象？3、几个月不见怎么长胖了这么多?4、你会怎么向你的外校同学介绍下你的学校吗？5、你能谈谈你自己的大学吗?6、我们学校校训是什么？最后，小编还为同学们整理了八条面试中的禁忌，切忌在面试中出现这种低级错误！八不要不要说自己联系过某导师。联系过心里知道就可以了，说出来其他老师尴尬你联系的老师也尴尬。不要说自己联系过学长学姐。应该没有同学这么傻吧？不要在老师面前说本科学校的不是。这样会让老师觉得你毫无操守。不要夸别的学校很优秀。每个人都觉得自己的东西好，你在这个学校面前夸别的学校，你怎么不去报考别的学校呢？不要说话太“精明”。太精明的孩子显得很社会，老师更喜欢脚踏实地的孩子。不要和复试老师产生学术冲突。面试不是学术百花争鸣的地方，一定要虚心接受老师建议指正。不要卖惨也不要过分谈梦想。考研面试不是演艺节目，需要你一把鼻涕一把泪。不要过分夸大个人经历和水平。夸大一时爽，火葬场。小编建议，同学们结合自身具体情况，可以对照小编整理好的问题写一写答题框架，以便面试时临阵不乱。毕竟好记性不如烂笔头～愿大家都能实现心中所愿，考上自己心仪的理想院校！1，多所高校发布考研复试细则：清华考研复试对头发有要求2，考研复试的着装需要注意什么？声明：转载此文是出于传递更多信息之目的。若有来源标注错误或侵犯了您的合法权益，请作者持权属证明与本网联系，我们将及时更正、删除，谢谢。

考试是一件非常严肃、紧张、正经的事情，但是毕竟人都会犯错，有时候考官或监考老师也会出现错误，刚刚过去的考研就出现把答案当试卷发的情况，下面一起来看看考场上还出现哪些失误呢？惊呆1. 山东高校试题错装，答案当试卷发刚刚过去的考研发生了“不可思议”的错误，山东师范大学自命题科目《外语教学理论基础》考试把答案当试卷发了。后来发现是印刷封装错误，相关人员表示抱歉，然后学生要补考。网友表示“电视剧都不敢这么演”，也有网友表示同情，“太扎心了，心态崩了”。答案当试题答案当试题答案当试题2. 四六级放错4遍听力前不久，郑州某高校四六级考试上放错了听力，放的听力竟然是去年的，而且放错了4遍，让考试时间延长了13分钟，实在是影响了很多考生的心态。那些听出来错了的考生真的是厉害了，但也有网友说，听力如听天书，其实我的内心毫无波澜。还有网友说“放了一半才告诉我放错了，啥？那我前面那么有信心选的是什么鬼”。这就非常尴尬了，很扎“学渣”的心啊！放错听力3. 高考考场钟停了约20分钟高考是举国瞩目的考试，不管是考生、家长还是老师都非常看重，但是在这么重要的场合上也出现过失误--考场钟停了约20分钟（有说17分钟）。这事可大可小，很多学生都是看着时间做题的，以为时间充裕，突然就要交卷，心里不慌是假的。后续该不该延长时间也是个问题，对于考场内的学生来说，钟停走不是他们的错，理应延时，而对于考场外的学生来说，大家时间其实是一样的，延长时间不够公平。时钟停走最近流行一句话，“你只管努力，其他的交给天意”，虽然有道理，但是也要有应对突发情况的心理素质，在出现这些情况时，尽量先让自己平静下来，保持好心态，然后看监考老师的安排，一般学校是会负责的。每一场考试对努力准备的考生来说都是至关重要的，所以考场相关人员应该要做全面的检查和准备，对考生负责，出现问题也应及时补救，让考生尽量得到公平的对待。对于考场出现的失误，你有什么看法呢？你自己有没有遇到这些情况呢？惊呆了（图片来源网络，如有侵权，请联系作者删除！）

2020考研英语一真题及答案【完整版】！【完形】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案（1-20）1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up【阅读】Section III Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for Zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. "A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a "town of culture" award could [A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as [A] a sensible compromise.[B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-cotching bonus.[D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it [A] endeavours to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present [A] a contrasting case.[B] a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D] a related topic.25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical[B] Objective[C] Favourable[D] Critical答案（21-25）21.D focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.B a self-deceiving attempt.23.D commits to its long-term growth.24.B a supporting example.25.C Favourable.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money, Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the proction of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing instry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers proced in the world, made profits of more than f 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than f 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every pay walled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms; either freely available from the moment of publication,or pay walled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their proct free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around500 to $5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these "article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because [A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.!27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have [A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing instry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? [A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned.[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms [A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] rece the cost of publication substantially.[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D] The few feed on the many.答案（26-30）26.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27.A thrived mainly on university libraries.28.D Encouraged.29.A allow publishers some room to make money.30.D The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are lessthan40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feelgood but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will [A] help little to rece gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the Califormia measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C] It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate [A] the harm from arbitrary board decision. [B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to [A] the underestimation of elite women's role[B] the objection to female participation on boards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women's need in employment should be considered.[B] Feasibility, should be a prime concern in policy making.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.答案（31-35）31.A help little to rece gender bias.32.C It may go against the Constitution.33.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.35.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.Text4 :Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a"GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple, Facebook and Amazon-in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax).Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance, law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union. Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach aconsensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to [A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax [A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that [A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work [A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to in involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy答案（36-40）36.C impose alevy on tech multinationals.37.A may trigger countermeasures against France.38.B the current international tax system needs upgrading39.C is faced with uncertain prospects.40.B France leads the charge on Digital TaxPart B Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fix actions are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated [F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor ring a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact: We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In althood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42. Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer ring a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond ring direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.44. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image. are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45. In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues "Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.答案（41-45）41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signal42.E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43.G Eye contact can also be aggressive44.A Eye fixactions are brief45.D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence ring the 14h century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17h century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored itellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) Before each of their revelations many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking.including the geo-centric view that the Earth was a the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory ring a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress. this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe ring most of 17h century. (49) As many took on the ty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17h and I8h centuries were times of radical change and curiosity, Scientific method,rectionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase' sapere aude' or dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay" An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?".It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.答案（46-50）46.随着教会的教义和思维方式在文艺复兴时期黯然失色，中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合，从而出现了新的及尚未开发的知识领域。47.在每个真理揭示之前，当时的许多思想家都采用了更古老的思维方式，仍旧沿用以前的思维模式，其中包括认为地球是宇宙中心的地球中心说。48.尽管教会试图镇压这-代逻辑学家和理性主义者，但人们对宇宙如何运转的解释却越来越多，并且以-种不容忽视的速度在增加。49.当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时，文艺复兴时代已经结束，并且开启了一个新的时代。50.此类寻求知识和了解已知信息的行为被拉丁语概括为：“sapere aude"即"敢于求知”作文Section ll WritingPart A51. Directions:The students union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest. White a notice in about 100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice. (10 points)小作文：通知留学生唱歌比赛 【参考范文】NoticeDec.21, 2019In order to enrich the campus life and provide the colorful life for you, the Students' Union is preparing the upcoming singing contest, which will be held in the auditorium in our university on the evening of December 31, 2019. Now, the Union is recruiting contestants for this competition.Anyone who are fond of signing or interested in the competition, please send his or her application to students’union@sohu.com before next Wednesday. Besides, there are generous awards in gratitude for this activity. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any queries concerning the singing contest. Meanwhile, volunteers for this activity are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs.We are looking forward to your participation.The Students' UnionPart B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below, In your essay, you should1) Describe the picture briefly,2) Interpret the implied meaning, and3) Give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)大作文：习惯良好的时间管理习惯 【参考范文】Portrayed distinctively by the two cartoons above is an impressive scene: a girl in the left picture is doing homework and saying that early completion is better. Nevertheless, the boy in the right picture is sitting in front of the desk and saying that he will not finish the homework until the last minute.Undoubtedly, the symbolic implication of the pictures is to show us that importance should be attached to the formation of good habits, especially the good habit of time management. On the one hand, efficient time management is critical to personal development. As the old saying goes,“Time is money," and in the fast-paced modern life, it seems that we always have a lot of things to do and we are very busy. In the face of such a situation, we have to realize that efficiency holdsthe key to saving time and time management skills hold the key to personal success. On the other hand, good time management habits play a vital role in the development of the whole society. There is no doubt that, to a large extent, social progress is closely related to the efforts of each indivial. If we can develop the good habit of time management, we are much more likely to improve efficiency and have a better performance in the learning and working process, which is anintegral part of social advances and prosperity.From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that the sense of efficient time management skills is of equal importance in personal and social progress.Therefore,we ought to take advantage of the phenomenon to enlighten the public and the press is expected to take a lead in advertising the value of developing good time management habits. 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世界古代中世纪史第1章史前人类一、单项选择题1欧洲最著名的早期智人是德国的（）。A．斯旺斯孔布人B．布罗肯山人C．尼安德特人D．沙尼达人【答案】C查看答案【解析】尼安德特人，简称尼人，常作为人类进化史中间阶段的代表性居群的通称。因发现于德国尼安德特河谷的人类化石而得名。尼安德特人是现代欧洲人祖先的近亲，从20万年前开始，他们统治着整个欧洲和亚洲西部，但在2.8万年前，这些古人类却消失了。斯旺斯孔布人是考古学家在泰晤士河河谷发现的最早的人骨化石，他们处于直立猿人到早期智人的过渡阶段。布罗肯山人是非洲和近东发现了与欧洲尼人同时代的人类化石，被认为是尼人在其地区的代表，称为类尼人。沙尼达人是西亚旧石器时代早期智人化石之一。2直立人的化石最早是1890年由谁在印尼爪哇发现的？（）。A．荷兰解剖学家杜布瓦B．德国考古学家谢里曼C．英国考古学家柴尔德D．法国考古学家布日耶【答案】A查看答案【解析】直立人的化石最初发现于19世纪，自1890年起，荷兰解剖学家杜布瓦在印度尼西亚爪哇梭罗河边的特里尼尔附近，陆续发现了一批人类化石。3属于晚期智人时期的人类化石是（）。A．德国的海德堡人B．摩洛哥的毛里坦人C．法国的克罗马农人D．中国的北京人【答案】C查看答案【解析】法国的克罗马农人是在距今3万年前出现的一种寿命不长（平均寿命不超过40岁），智慧较高的早期人类，属于晚期智人。1868年，克罗马农人化石发现于法国多尔多涅区的莱塞济附近的克罗马农山洞。德国的海德堡人、摩洛哥的毛里坦人和中国的北京人都属于晚期猿人——直立人。二、概念题1南方古猿答：南方古猿是可以确定的从猿到人的过渡期间的生物。其化石最早于1924年在南非汤恩发现，是一个幼儿的头骨。20世纪50年代被确认属于人科。后来，在南非的其他地方又发现了一些南方古猿的化石。南方古猿的体质特征与人类比较接近，齿弓呈抛物线形，门齿和犬齿比猿小得多，犬齿部突出；拇指能与其他四指对握，显然会使用天然工具；骨盆比猿类宽，说明会直立行走；平均脑容量接近500毫升；雄性平均身高1.52米，雌性平均身高1.25米。已发现的南方古猿可以划分为几个种，如非洲种（又称纤细种）、粗壮种、鲍氏种和湖畔种等。有些学者认为只有非洲种（纤细种）的一支进化为人类。2KNM-ER1470号人类头骨答：KNM-ER1470号人类头骨是1972年在肯尼亚图尔卡纳湖东岸库彼弗拉发现的古人类头骨。发现时这个头骨已分裂为150多块碎片，经复原后按登记号码为KNM-ER1470号头骨（肯尼亚国家博物馆人类化石登记号）。该头骨定年为290万年前，脑容量约为775毫升，肢骨与现代人相似。1470号人是最早的人属的代表之一，但头骨无突出而相连的眉脊，因而它在进化系统中处于何种位置仍有争议。三、论述题简述农业革命。答：（1）新石器时代人类发明了农业和畜牧业。农业的产生是人类历史上一次巨大的革命，这被称为农业革命，又被称为新石器革命。（2）新石器时代农业革命的中心有三个地区：西亚、东亚和中南美洲。①西亚是最早的农业发源地，公元前8000年这里的居民就栽培了大麦和小麦等农作物。②东亚地区的农业中心主要分布在中国、印度和泰国等地，这里的居民，尤其是中国的先民在距今约7000年前就已经种植水稻，在距今约6000年前就种植粟。③中南美洲的墨西哥、秘鲁等地也在公元前5000年左右最早栽培了玉米、马铃薯、南瓜等作物。（3）新石器时代的农业革命具有十分深远的影响：①它使人类从食物的采集者转变为食物的生产者。②它使人类从旧石器时代游荡不定的迁徙生活逐渐转变为定居生活。③它导致了人口的急剧增长。④它极大地促进了人类文明的诞生，世界早期文明就是在农业革命的基础上产生的。麻烦大家关注+点赞，谢谢!!本文由【才聪学习网】原创，关注我了解更多考试资料！

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导语：考研党注意：2019年考研“政治试题答案”完整版，快来对答案喽！1、无产阶级第一个政党——答案：A2、橘生淮南转移南枳，说明了什么3、判断一个变革的时代，不能以该 时代的意识为根据，必须从物质生 活的矛盾中去解释。物质生活的矛 盾本质是...4、私有制为基础的商品经济的基本矛盾5、习近平思想的核心要义6、总体国家安全观的宗旨7、党的建设的根本方针8、乡村振兴战略的根本目的9、戊戌维新的性质和原因——答案：A10、党第一次独立领导并完全取得胜利的斗争——答案：C11、西安事变中共促成和解的原因12、重庆谈判的目的13、教育的任务和原因——答案：B14、人生价值——答案：D15、中美经贸白皮书的关键16、板门店宣言答案：AAABA CBDAC BDBDC D17、虚拟现实技术所构筑的现实环 境说明了什么18、控制基因编辑的行为的原因19、利润平均化意味着20、资本主义旧社会过度必然复杂的原因21、科学社会主义的一般原则22、主要矛盾变化判断依据23、民营经济的地位　24、国家治理体系与治理现代化的关系25、一国两制26、中国特色社会主义文化的来源27、为什么在井冈山建立根据地28、共和国成立的意义29、十一届三中全会30、核心价值观的地位作用31、法治与德治的比较32、(无) 33、中日成果各位考研学子，明天继续加油，祝考出好成绩！考研必胜！