考研测试题英语

2020考研英语今天下午结束，在考研英语考试结束后很多考生都在吐槽今年考研英语的难度太大，尤其是考研英语一的难度比较大，一些考生在考完了英语后已经决定要考研二战，一些考生考完英语后认为整个卷子自己就只会写作文而已，而英语完形填空、阅读理解、新型题、翻译题的难度都比较大，因此有部分考生认为2020考研英语一的难度为历年最高，比过去考研英语最难的年份还要难。那么2020考研英语一试题太难吗？考生：整个卷子就只会做英语作文。首先来分析考研英语一的完形填空来看，难度不是很大，至少完形填空的难度与过去十年的完形填空难度相比没那么大，考察的很全面，考生想要全部做对也很难，但是如果想做对一半难度不大。考虑到完形填空这部分题往往是考生最后才开始做，所以一些考生会因为时间紧张而慌忙做题导致错误率比较高，客观的讲完形填空难度和去年持平。其次分析考研一英语作文，考研英语一的小作文和大作文难度都不大，都是考生复习考研英语作文时候经常会面对到的话题，考生在考场上看到这些英语作文题目的时候，肯定不会那么的紧张，只需要把自己记住的短语词汇和句子正确运用就好。和2019考研英语一作文难度对比来看，2020考研英语一作文难度不大，题型属于常规题型。再次分析考研英语一阅读理解，在四篇阅读理解中前两篇的阅读理解难度比较大，后两篇的考研英语阅读理解难度比较小，如果考生一开始就做第一篇考研英语一阅读理解估计心理防线会崩溃，会影响考生的考研发挥，综合来看前两篇考研英语一阅读理解难度要比后面两篇考研英语一阅读理解难度高出30%左右，而2020考研英语阅读理解与2019考研英语阅读理解对比来看，今年考研英语一阅读理解难度要高一些，阅读理解比较差的同学在这部分失误比较多，想得高分不容易。最后分析考研英语一的翻译题和新型题，翻译题难度不大，会有一部分生僻单词比如文艺复兴的英语单词考生会觉得比较难，但是客观讲这个单词也属于考研常见的单词，考生不应该不认识这个单词。翻译题的长难句、词汇和往年相比难度有提高自己但是难度不大，考生只需要正常发挥就可以。而考研英语一的新型题今年考生觉得比较难，在各个选项之中徘徊，不知道选择哪一个，个人认为新型题的难度比去年考研英语一的新型题难度大，很多学生很容易在这部分题失分。综上所述，2020考研英语一整体难度并没有突破历年之最，也并不是最难的，具体来看考研英语一的完形填空、作文题、翻译题难度与往年一样，但是阅读理解和新型题给考生带来了难度，因此2020考研英语一试题难度与2019年考研英语一相比确实难度有所提高。

考研单词分析：根据初中、高中、四级、六级、研究生五个等级为什么我背了那么多年单词，单词量还是这么少？考研单词难度怎么样？哪些单词考研试卷真题中出现的最多？考研单词在非考试情况下，日常使用频率怎么样？比如看期刊和英文小说我将考研单词分为初中、高中、四六级和研究生五个等级。直观感受上来说，初中单词最常用，也最容易记下来，对分数快速提升最有效，然后依次是高中、四六级、研究生，实际也是如此，下文将逐步分析。一、为什么我背了那么多年单词，单词量还是这么少？从纵向角度来看。市面上的单词书为了兼顾大部分人的需求，会把以前背过的单词也放入进来，使得一个本来就很熟悉的单词也被迫再看几遍。而且人本身就讨厌主动记忆难记的事物，会主动逃避没背过的单词，去背那些曾经背过的单词。是这样的评论区扣个1.举个典型例子，abandon这个单词最早是在高中出现的，但是无论是四六级考研，还是雅思托福，都能看到这个单词。大家戏称官方劝退，每次一背单词就是“放弃”，实在不是什么好的体验。不过大部分人，包括我自己还是会读一读或背一背。所以很多人虽然从小学一路背到考研，实际上大部分时间和注意力都是放在自己熟悉的单词上。从横向角度来看“三天打鱼，两天晒网”是背书最常见的一件事情必须承认的是，无论是大学以前的高考单词，还是现在的考研单词。它的数量对于基础较差的人来说，数量都是很不友好，很多。以我自己高中经历来说，我高一的时候准备半年把高中全部单词背完。计划也很明确，每天一百个单词，一个多月就能背一遍了。真实结果是，背了几天就因为各种原因断了进程，下一次继续背的时候又是从第一页开始背，一直这样循环往复。也就是说，背书没有持久且系统的计划时，会一直背着单词书的前几十页。从我和众多网友交流的经历来看，大部分人都是这样的。根据上面分析推导出的解决方法1、纵向来看，必须将单词按照熟悉程度分为几类，最简单明了的就是根据初中、高中、四六级、研究生这种类别了。2、横向来看，需要制定严格且有效的背单词计划2、考研单词难度怎么样？从单词等级角度：如下图我统计的考研考纲单词占比（考纲单词来源于考研官方发布的考纲）在所有考研单词中：初中单词1478个，占比27%高中单词1610个，占比29%四级单词1346个，占比25%六级单词842个，占比15%研究生单词203个，占比4%考研单词中初中和高中部分单词占比接近一半了，四六级总共占比40%，而真正的研究生等级单词才203个。也就是说，如果是一个一路认真准备高考、四六级的学生，考研单词基本没什么难度。想准备考研的大一大二学弟学妹们，也记得认真对待四六级考试。从单词本身背诵难度上来看：根据研究显示，大部分人瞬间能记住的无规则字母数量最多是6到7个。所以我这里按照单词长度来定义一个单词是否难背。字母数量超过6或者7的单词就是比较难背的了。首先是考研大纲单词中的初中单词，如下图所示：字母数4的数量最多，然后一路减少。1457个单词中，字母数超过7的仅仅只有两百个左右，所以可以判断初中单词是比较简单的。接下来继续看高中单词对照一下，下图是考研大纲单词中的高中单词，如下图所示：考研大纲中的高中单词总量是1610个，和初中单词数量差距不大但是高中单词明显出现了变化，字母数量最多的恰好是字母数6和字母数7,分别是276个和277个，只相差一个。高中单词从字母数7后也逐渐在减少，超过字母数7的的单词数量有500多个。这也很好解释了为什么很多人到高中后觉得单词总体变的更长更难记了。继续看四级单词，如下图所示：四级单词走势和高中单词差不多，但是超过字母数7的后半部分，下降明显更加平缓了四级单词总数是1346个，超过字母数7的单词数量恰好也是500多个。因为四级单词总数比高中少，超过的数量却差不多，也可以认定四级比高中部分又更难了一些。接下来是六级单词，如下图所示：六级单词是842个，从上图中可以看出，主要单词长度集中在6到9这个区间了。换句话说，单词大部分都是长度比较长的单词了。从实际体验来看也是这样，我第一次背六级单词的时候，就明显感觉到难度的增加了。最后是研究生单词了，如下图所示：研究生单词数量比较少，从图表上来看，字母难度介于四级和六级，这倒是挺意外的。难度总结：总的来说，从初中到考研，单词难度是一直增加的。所以如果准备从简单单词开始背的话，可以先背初中单词增加信心。考研考纲总共5500个单词，超过7个字母的单词总共1500个左右，这是很多人必须攻克的一个难关。所以，为了减少不必要的时间浪费，根据等级划分单词来进行背诵是最有效的方法。可以将自己背单词分为五个阶段第一阶段把初中最基本的单词背完，相当于英语扫盲的水平了。第二阶段把高中单词背完，至少能看懂大部分基础文章了。第三阶段把四级单词背完，这个阶段背完了，考研英语二考50-60分基本不是什么难题了。第四阶段把六级部分背完，恭喜你单词水平已经超过大部分人了。第五阶段把剩下的研究生单词背完，考研基本就只剩下超纲词不认识了。三、哪些单词考研试卷真题中出现的最多？上面的分析仅仅是考纲单词中，各等级单词的分布，真正试卷里又是怎么样的呢？会不会我背了所有考纲单词，却很多不考的呢？下面这张图是我以前统计的真题试卷中各等级单词所占比例，详情可以看我以前的分析文章。可以看出，单词等级比例基本和考纲单词中一致。所以出现的多依然是初高中和四六级这些单词。而且从我统计的历年真题单词和考纲对比中来看，基本所有考纲单词都是考过的，并不存在什么不考的单词，只能说哪些单词考的多，哪些考的少。四、考研单词在非考试情况下，日常使用频率怎么样？比如看期刊和英文小说上面的分析都是从官方资料角度分析的，也就是应试角度。那么从日常使用角度，考研单词中各部分单词使用情况又是怎么样呢？首先解释个概念，柯林斯分级词汇，以下解释来自于百度：《柯林斯》是1819年哈珀·柯林斯(Harper Collins)出版集团出版的图书。内含118000条词汇，220000条相关解释，这些词汇在图书、报纸、广播、电视、杂志、信函或演说中被使用过的例句，准确地表达出今天人们所使用的英语词汇的涵义。柯林斯从语料库中将单词在日常生活中的使用频率统计出来，按照频率的高低将单词分级，五星的就是日常生活中最常用的，星级越高越常用，依次类推。我根据柯林斯词表，统计了考研单词中各等级单词的日常使用频率，使用频率5的最常用，依次类推，使用频率1的相对最不常用。（实际上，即使是使用频率1的单词，在整个词库中也是常用的，所以这里写的是相对不常用）为了方便比较，我们将使用频率5、4、3的归为一类，认定为相对常用，2、1的归为一类认定为相对不常用。首先是考研单词中的中考单词：从上图可以看出，中考单词中，相对常用的单词占大部分，符合它这个等级所期待的功能。实际上也是这样，认识全部初中单词后，基本就能一些简答交流和看一些简单文章了。然后是高考单词：到了高中就有明显变化了，相对常用的只有一半多一点了。再看看四级单词：四级单词中，相对常用的已经不足百分之四十了，相对不常用超过了百分50.然后是六级单词：六级单词差距更加明显了，相对常用的仅仅百分之10，相对不常用的基本占据整个图表了。不出意外的话，研究生等级应该差距更加悬殊。最后是研究生单词：研究生单词相对常用的仅仅只有8%了。另外，在相对不常用的单词中，使用频率1的单词也超过了40%。从上面一路看下来，很明显，随着等级的提升，单词再日常使用中的频率也在降低。不常用的英文单词，通常翻译成中文后，这个中文在汉语中也不常用。从另一个角度来说，单词也是越来越难。所以无论是你为了考试还是以后日常英语交流，按照初中到研究生这个顺序是比较合适的。

大家好随着考研复试的脚步逐渐来临，考研复试英语口试大家现在也要逐渐练起来，小编今天给大家整理了去年一些同学复试英语口语所问到的一些问题，欢迎历年的学长学姐们将你们的考研口语复试的评论分享给广大的考研学子。2019年 厦门大学公共管理专业why do you choose the MPAcc?what subjects are you most interested in?how do you coordinate your work and study?2019年南开大学法律硕士专业what are you hobbies?please say something about yourself?what do you think about the Law?2019南开大学电子专硕say something about your hometown?Is there any special dish in your hometown?Why do you want to attend graate school?say someting about your future plan?欢迎学长学姐们将你们的考研口语复试的问题，评论分享给广大的考研学子。最后祝大家一战成硕！加油！

21考研怎么准备？考研英语真题怎么去做呢？1.精读文章，我前期做英语阅读，利用英一《考研真相》边做题就边把自己不会的单词、句子都勾画下来。然后再去看解析，简单会的句子就跳过，不会的都挑出来去学着解析里面怎么拆分，怎么分辨修饰结构。然后如果有错的很多的文章，就挑出来精翻一遍，这样也能加深一些语法翻译的知识点印象。真题：英语一《考研真相》/英语二《考研圣经》，每句话都图解，基础差不用担心看不懂，还有排除干扰项的方法，做阅读题通用，适合基础薄弱大幅提分用。别的书个别句子讲解，基础差看不懂。解题方法是根据答案套选项，下次还是不会。-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2.熟悉做题思路，通常做一道阅读题，我的做题思路就是：先看五个问题→粗读文章，找出问题的位置→细读文章，圈出不认识的单词/语法→再看问题，回文定位，选择答案。刚开始做题，肯定是有很多单词、句子看不懂。你一定要硬着头皮看完全篇！遇到不会的划线，能理解多少就理解多少，一定要让自己习惯这个做题过程。3.分阶段练习，一定要总结错题。考研英语真题的刷题，是分阶段练习的。所以每个阶段一定要把自己的错题总结在本子上，后面再带上错误原因。错题本是要越做越薄，不要越做越厚。容易错误的点，一定要注意！

考研初试已经结束，很多小伙伴开始担心自己的复试尤其是英语，考什么？怎么考？小编汇总了一些学校的考试希望对大家有帮助。首先，有些学校复试时会出一份英语试题对大家，题型有点像高中英语，包含语法，完形填空，阅读，作文。百分之6七十的学校都只是都只是摸底测试，看看大家的英语水平，但是还有不少学校是汇总分数然后排名进行刷人，这类学校一般就是985类的院校或者对英语有较高要求的专业。其次，复试包含面试和笔试。面试部分有些学校只是会要求学生英语的自我介绍，有些学校除了英语自我介绍还有会现场问几个英语问题。所以英语自我介绍一定好好准备有时间的小伙伴记得练习一下口语。最后，如果不是英语专业的小伙伴英语不要太过于担心，不是那种刷一半人的专业也不需要太担心，好好准备一下英语自我介绍并且每周做两套英语试卷保持手感，每天练习英语口语30分钟肯定是没有问题的。相信已经挺过初试的你一定不会被英语卡倒。PS:附几张英语自我介绍模板希望可以帮助大家！

21考研的同学，大家关注我，更新考研数学、考研英语，每日一练！希望每个同学都能考上理想的院校！班级姓名一．填写下面单词。二．重点记忆这些单词，并尝试翻译这些句子。31. Possessinga car gives a much greater degree of mobility, enabling the driver to move around freely.32. The owner of a car is no longer forced to rely onpublic transport and is, therefore, not compelled to work locally.33. He can choose from different jobs and probably changes his work more frequentlyas he is not restricted to a choice within a small radius.34. Travelling to work by car is also more comfortable than having to use public transport; the driver can adjustthe heating in winter and the air conditioning in the summer to suit his own needs and preference.35. There is no irritationcaused by waiting for trains, buses or underground trains, standing in long patient queues, or sitting on windy platforms, for as long as half an hour sometimes.答 案在下面

我考研英语70多点，阅读错了4个大概，跟80+大神不能比，但对我自己来说，真的很满意了。毕竟四级考了3次才勉强过，考研算是大翻身~来说说做阅读的方法PS：只是说说我的方法，参考一下就好~真题阅读要做几遍？到考试前，要保证15-18分钟内能做完一篇阅读，准确率越高越好，文章里的单词，语法，题目的套路，技巧都掌握。达到这个水平就可以了。具体要做几遍，因人而异，英语好的一遍就可以，英语不好的可能要做好多遍。我属于不好那一挂，做了3遍。第一遍：查单词分析句子，读懂文章第二遍：梳理文章逻辑，总结解题方法第三遍：巩固之前学到的技巧方法具体方法~第一遍：读懂文章（两个半月时间）读懂文章最直接的办法就是翻译，很多人觉得这一步费时间，没啥用，还有人说考研不需要看懂全文，破题句懂就行了。我一开始也这么相信来着，后来做了两篇文章，实在看不懂，都不知道文章说啥，更别提找关键信息了。等我翻译了一阵，再看文章就超顺畅，也能很快找到破题句，关键句，甚至有些句子看一眼就知道不是重点。所以翻译还是很有用的。但翻译要掌握方法，不然只会白白浪费时间。①梳理句子语法和结构。不要上来就英译汉，也不要找见几个自己认识的单词就开始猜意思，那不管翻译多久都提高不了。先找谓语，一个句子只可能有一个谓语；谓语找到前后的主语和宾语就顺带清楚了；然后确定主从句，就是看你找的谓语是主句的还是从句的；判断从句位置，从哪开始，到哪结束，从句引导词是开始的标志，到主句成分前是结束的标志；从句的类型，跟主句的逻辑关系是啥；判断有没有插入语这些不重要成分。②查自己不认识的单词。可以跟判断句子结构结合起来，比如有时候你找不到谓语，那是因为句子里的动词不认识······名词可以不用查，设为x即可；形容词和副词要查，最好积累在本子上，反复背，这些是出题重点。③翻译句子。先翻译每个部分，主句说的啥，从句说的啥，然后再把每个部分串起来，根据主从句之间的逻辑关系调整语序即可。至于不认识的名词就翻译成x，不影响的；如果知道哪个是动词，但是不知道啥意思，就翻译成“整”（狗头）④对照真题书上的解析，看自己的翻译有没有问题。我是逐句翻译的嘛，所以专门找了《考研真相》这种逐句图解分析的真题书，每个句子都有图示的语法结构分析，对照参考很方便。其他的真题书只讲解了个别长难句，那就算自己翻译了也找不到标准参考，用起来不方便。要是英语基础跟我差不多，没过六级想精读考研文章的话，推荐《考研真相》这种逐句精解的，英二的叫《考研圣经》。PS：精翻根据自己时间灵活安排，不一定每篇都翻译，做几篇找到分析句子的感觉后就可以省去手写这一步，直接看书上的解析。不想手抄句子也不想写在卷子上的话，可以买现成的手译本，很方便。第二遍：梳理文章逻辑，总结解题技巧（一个半月）前面翻译完，第二遍再做会很轻松，每天可以做两篇。做完先口译一遍，基本没啥问题，比较难的句子可以再分析分析。梳理文章逻辑：①文章讲了啥②每段每句上下有啥联系③文章结构是啥样这些在真题书也有框架图，看一看，自己再捋一捋，有助于理解文章主旨，做题更容易。总结解题技巧：①每个题的定位段在哪②每个选项为啥对为啥错，把原因写在旁边③总结正确错误选项的特征和常见干扰项的设置方式一般来说：正确答案的特征①正确答案经常与中心思想有关。②正确答案的位置，最常见的三个位置是：段首段尾处、转折处、因果处。③正确答案经常运用的原则是：同义替换、正话反说、反话正说。④从语气角度来看，正确答案中经常含有不肯定的语气词和委婉表达的用词。如：can, may, might, possible, not necessarily, some.⑤正确答案经常具有概括性、深刻性，不能只见树木不见森林。错误答案的特征：①无中生有(未提及的概念);②正反混淆(选项的意思跟原文的意思正好相反);③所答非所问(虽然选项的说法没有问题，符合原文，但和题干搭不上边)常识判断：如果一个选项仅仅符合常识，不一定是正确答案，还要看文章中类似的意思有没有出现;如果一个选项不符合常识，一定不是正答案。这些只要文章能读懂很容易自己总结，如果实在总结不出来，找点视频课看也行第三遍：巩固技巧方法（半个月）把之前做过的题再看一遍，带着总结好的思路和方法，看还有没有啥要补充的附上做题的步骤①读题，会原文找定位点（2-3分钟）②根据定位段选答案（10-12分钟）看一个定位段选一个答案。选的时候直接把选项带回原文验证即可，速度快且准确率高。③调整答案（1-2分钟）

问题：考研英语真题怎么利用？关于考研英语真题怎么利用？前提是赶紧准备好真题，来看看练题的具体步骤。还没选好真题的话，安利你用《考研真相》（英一），它答案很详细，每个句子都有讲解，长难句还有图解，英语基础弱也能看懂。英语二可用《考研圣经》。一、考研英语真题怎么利用？——第一阶段：2月~6月其实很长一段时间，我都处在打基础的阶段，这段时间主要做的就是记单词和看视频。单词每天背60个，视频也是每天看一节。给你安利一下我看的这个视频课，你可以搜张国静考研英语全程班。它不是那种词汇或语法的单课，而是单词、语法、长难句、题型、作文都有讲到，内容很全，而且是从基础开始讲的，像我这种英语渣也能听懂。你要是基础弱，可以试试，建议先上b站找一下试听，不然买了又觉得不适合，那可就很亏了。这段时间大概做了4套真题，都是年份比较靠前的，跟现在的出题方式啥肯定有区别，所以我就是分题型练了一下，主要跟你说一下阅读的练习方法：→1、先看问题，找出关键词。再去文章中快速扫读，找到关键词所在，只细读那一段就可以。2、如果你的基础特别差，很难一次读完一整篇文章，那你可以减低目标，把文章分成两三个段落群，分别精读。3、精读就是一句一句地读，同时要一句话一句话挨着翻译这篇文章。先自己翻译，把你翻译出的内容都写在纸上。然后翻出答案对照，把翻译错的和不会翻译的，都在卷子上标注出来。过上两天把这篇文章翻出来，单独翻译一下这些重点句子，加深记忆。4、注意总结自己每道题为啥错。要把每个选项为啥对为啥错，都弄得很清楚。想想你能不能给别人讲清楚。一般如果你不确定自己有没有彻底搞懂这道题，你就想象面前有个人，给他讲，看你能不能讲出来，能讲出来就是懂了。二、考研英语真题怎么利用？——第二阶段：7月~8月放暑假后，我就是两天搞定一套真题。第一天做，第二天整理错题、精翻阅读（精翻方法同上，我就不多说了）。做的时候掐表，考研英语是3小时，但是我平常都尽量空出30分钟时间，要涂卡，也可以打个作文草稿，还能应付一下突发事件，比如你突然很紧张，进入不了状态啥的。第二天是整理生词、难句和错题。我有个专门的笔记本，就是记的真题里的单词、词组、句型啥的。对于这些，你也不用都会拼，经常翻出来看看，见了能翻译成中文就行。至于错题，就是要弄清楚自己为啥错，正确选项为啥多，以及其他3个错误选项都错在哪儿了，这才是真正地吃透真题。三、考研英语真题怎么利用？——开学后开学后就是复习了，考前11月份，你可以把真题再拿出来看一遍，重点看错题和你之前标注的难句，再翻译一遍巩固一下。除此之外，你可以买套模拟题做一做，但是不要太在意分数，模拟题有时出得偏。总结一下，关于考研英语真题怎么利用？不管你是分题型做，还是整套做，只要能做到上面的程度，就没问题了。但我建议是近5年的真题一定要整套做，测试一下你的整体水平，掐一下时间，保持做题手感。真题搞定了，你离高分也就不远了，加油！

考研英语真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text.Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends,1 those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can 2 a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. 4 , a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen.5 a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, 7 by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and 8 prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, 9 cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and 10 a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the 11 .Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may 12 with them up to a year, 13 they can build a new house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to 14 , but not common. Divorced persons are 15 with some disapproval. Each spouse retains 16 property he or she 17 into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is 18 equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice 19 up: The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry 20 the woman must wait ten months.1.[A]by way of [B]on behalf of [C]as well as [D]with regard to2. [A]adapt to [B]provide for [C]compete with [D]decide on3. [A]close [B]renew [C]arrange [D]postpone4. [A]Above all [B]In theory [C]In time [D]For example5. [A]Although [B]Lest [C]After [D]Unless6. [A]into [B]within [C]from [D]through7. [A]since [B]but [C]or [D]so8. [A]copy [B]test [C]recite [D]create9. [A]folding [B]piling [C]wrapping [D]tying10. [A]passing [B]lighting [C]hiding [D]serving11. [A]meeting [B]collection [C]association [D]union12. [A]grow [B]part [C]deal [D]live13. [A]whereas [B]until [C]if [D]for14. [A]obtain [B]follow [C]challenge [D]avoid15. [A]isolated [B]persuaded [C]viewed [D]exposed16. [A]whatever [B]however [C]whenever [D]wherever17. [A]changed [B]brought [C]shaped [D]pushed18. [A]withdrawn [B]invested [C]donated [D]divided19. [A]breaks [B]warms [C]shows [D]clears20. [A]so that [B]while [C]once [D]in thatSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1France,which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion instry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death—as some have done. It tells the fashion instry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their indivial worth.The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep—and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion instry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion instry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion instry has on body ideals, especially on young people.” The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week, which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular instry.21.According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?[A] Physical beauty would be redefined.[B] New runways would be constructed.[C] Websites about dieting would thrive.[D] The fashion instry would decline.22.The phrase “impinging on” (Line 2,Para 2) is closest in meaning to[A] heightening the value of.[B] indicating the state of.[C] losing faith in.[D] doing harm to.23.Which of the following is true of the fashion instry?[A] The French measures have already failed.[B] New standards are being set in Denmark.[C] Model are no longer under peer pressure.[D] Its inherent problems are getting worse.24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for[A] setting a high age threshold for models.[B] caring too much about models’ character.[C] showing little concern for health factors.[D] pursuing perfect physical conditions.25.Which of the following may be the best title of the text?[A] The Great Threats to the Fashion Instry.[B] Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty.[C] A Dilemma for the Starving Models in France.[D] A Challenge to the Fashion Instry’s Body Ideals.Text 2For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate “the countryside” alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save “the beauty of natural places for everyone forever.” It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience “a refreshing air.” Hill’s pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green belts. They don’t make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it. It needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The Conservatives’ planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation, even authorizing “off-plan” building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent. Only Ukip, sensing its chance, has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Its Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local Consecutive parties.The sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are, in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyd recently identified enough sites for half a million houses in the London are alone, with no intrusion on green bet. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.The idea that “housing crisis” equals “concreted meadows” is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them. Under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas. Why ruin rural ones?Development should be planned, not let rip. After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe’s most crowded country. Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative—the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.26.Britain’s public sentiment about the countryside[A] didn’t start till the Shakespearean age.[B] has brought much benefit to the NHS.[C] is fully backed by the royal family.[D] is not well reflected in politics.27.According to Paragraph 2, the achievements of the National Trust are now be[A] graally destroyed.[B] effectively reinforced.[C] largely overshadowed.[D] properly protected.28.Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3?[A] Labour is under attack for opposing development.[B] The Conservatives may abandon “off-plan” building.[C] The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence.[D] Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation.29.The author holds that George Osborne’s preference[A] highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure.[B] shows his disregard for the character of rural areas.[C] stresses the necessity f easing the housing crisis.[D] reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas.30.In the last paragraph, the author shows his appreciation of[A] the size of population in Britain.[B] the political life in today’s Britain.[C] the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain.[D] the town-and-country planning in Britain.Text 3“There is one and only one social responsibility of businesses,” Wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel prize-winning economist, “That is,to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profit”. But even if you accept Firedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies as waste of shareholders’ money, things may not be absolutely clear-cut. New research suggest the CSR may create monetary value for companies-at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR,according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm.This could add value to their businesses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal” that a company’s procts are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a company’s procts as an indirect way to donate to the good causes it helps.And third, through a more diffuse “halo effect,” whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under America’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company’s procts as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect.The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms’ political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR. “We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for briding foreign officials,” says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they decide their do-gooding policies. But at least they have demonstrated that when companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.31. The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with[A] tolerance[B] skepticism[C] uncertainty[D] approval32.According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by[A] winning trust from consumers.[B] guarding it against malpractices.[C] protecting it from being defamed.[D] raising the quality of its procts.33. The expression “more lenient” (Line 2, Para. 4) is closest in meaning to[A] more effective[B] less controversial[C] less severe[D] more lasting34.When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company’s CSR record[A] has an impact on their decision.[B] comes across as reliable evidence.[C] increases the chance of being penalized.[D] constitutes part of the investigation.35.Which of the following is true of CSR, according to the last paragraph?[A] Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked.[B] The necessary amount of companies’ spending on it is unknown.[C] Companies’ financial capacity for it has been overestimated.[D] It has brought much benefit to the banking instry.Text 4There will eventually come a day when The New York Timesceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. “Sometime in the future，”the paper’s publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside，there’s plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper-printing presses, delivery trucks—isn’t just expensive; it’s excessive at a time when online-only competitors don’t have the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Timesshould’t waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way. “Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them,” he said, “but if you discontinue it, you’re going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you.”Sometimes that’s worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming. “It was seen as a blunder,” he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at the Times?“I wouldn’t pick a year to end print,” he said. “I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy proct.”The most loyal customers would still get the proct they favor, the idea goes, and they’d feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. “So if you’re overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping,” Peretti said. “Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue.” In other words, if you’re going to make a print proct, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it. Which may be what the Timesis doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year—more than twice as mush as a digital-only subscription.“It’s a really hard thing to do and it’s a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn’t have a legacy business,” Peretti remarked. “But we’re going to have questions like that where we have things we’re doing that don’t make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, it’s better to be more aggressive than less aggressive.”36.The New York Times is considering ending its print edition partly e[A] the high cost of operation.[B] the pressure from its investors.[C] the complaints from its readers.[D] the increasing online ad sales.37. Peretti suggests that, in face of the present situation, the Times should[A] seek new sources of readership.[B] end the print edition for good.[C] aim for efficient management.[D] make strategic adjustments.38.It can be inferred from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that a “legacy proct”[A] helps restore the glory of former times.[B] is meant for the most loyal customers.[C] will have the cost of printing reced.[D] expands the popularity of the paper.39.Peretti believes that, in a changing world.[A] legacy businesses are becoming outdated.[B] cautiousness facilitates problem-solving.[C] aggressiveness better meets challenges.[D] traditional luxuries can stay unaffected.40.Which of the following would be the best title of the text?[A] Shift to Online Newspapers All at Once[B] Cherish the Newspaper Still in Your Hand[C] Make Your Print Newspaper a Luxury Good[D] Keep Your Newspapers Forever in FashionPart BDirections: Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the A-G for each of the numbered paragraph (41-45). There are two extra subheadings. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)[A] Create a new image of yourself[B] Have confidence in yourself[C] Decide if the time is right[D] Understood the context[E] Work with professionals[F] Make it efficient[G] Know your goalsNo matter how formal or informal the work environment, the way you present yourself has an impact. This is especially true in first impressions. According to research from Princeton University, people assess your competence, trustworthiness, and like ability in just a tenth of a second, solely based on the way you look.The difference between today’s workplace and the “dress for success” era is that the range of options is so much broader, Norms have evolved and fragmented. In some settings, red sneakers or dress T-shirts can convey status; in others not so much. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like decade or two ago. Millennials, it seems, face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding. It can be confusing.So how do we navigate this? How do we know when to invest in an upgrade? And what’s the best way to pull off one that enhances our goals? Here are some tips:As an executive coach, I’ve seen image upgrades be particularly helpful ring transitions-- when looking for a new job, stepping into a new or more public role, or changing work environments. If you’re in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time. If you’re not sure, ask for honest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues, and professionals. Look for cues about how others perceive you. Maybe there’s no need for an upgrade and that’s OK.Get clear on what impact you’re hoping to have . Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it?For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modern and stylish. For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look more “SoHo.” (It’s OK to use characterizations like that.)Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your environment? What convey status? Who are your most important audiences? How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves? The better you understand the cultural context, the more control you can have over your impact.Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context. Hire a personal stylist, or use the free styling service of a store like J.Crew. Try a hair stylist instead of a barber. Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse or friend. It’s not as expensive as you might think.The point of a style upgrade isn’t to become more vain or to spend more time fussing over what to wear. Instead, use it as an opportunity to rece decision fatigue . Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to options. Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, one article of clothing at a time.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Mental health is our birthright. (46)We don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy; it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone.Mental health can’t be learned, only reawakened. It is like the immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition of exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. When we don’t understand the value of mental health and we don’t know how to gain access to it, mental health will remain hidden from us, (47)Our mental health doesn’t really go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem—confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense. It allows us to have perspective on our lives—the ability to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things will work out. It’s a from of innate or unlearned optimism. (48)Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness of they are in pain, and with unconditional love no matter who they are. Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful, managing our home life, or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patience for ourselves and toward others as well as patience while driving, catching a fish, working on our car, or raising a child. It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature, in culture, in the flow of our daily lives.(49)Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfectly ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions.It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong, good from bad, friend from foe. Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or the inner voice. We think of it simply as a healthy and helpful flow of intelligent thought. (50)As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.Section III WritingDirections:Write an essay of 160~200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题答案详解（完整版）Section I Use of English1、【答案】B as well as【解析】根据空格所在句子的内容可以判断，"择偶涉及男方的亲朋好友，_____女方的亲朋好友"显然前后是并列关系，选项中只有B选项as well as 表示并列关系。其他选项意思与原文内容不符。2、【答案】D decide on【解析】根据选项得知空格处需要填谓语动词，空格后面的宾语是"…配偶"，所以根据动宾搭配的原则，D选项 decide on可以与后面的宾语，构成通顺语义：选择配偶。所以D项正确。3、【答案】C arrange【解析】此题考查的仍是动宾搭配，空格处后面的内容the marriage negotiation，只能与选项C arrange构成通顺语义，"安排…磋商"，故选C。4、【答案】A In theory【解析】根据空格后面的内容，得知女孩可能会否定她的父母为其所选的配偶；句中的may 表示的是一种可能性。所以，与原文句子内容表达一致的，只有A选项 in theory。5、【答案】C after【解析】空格处所在的句子是现在完成时，逗号后面的内容是一般现在时，所以根据时态判断，前后内容存在时间上的先后性，所以C选项after正确。6、【答案】A into【解析】原文：each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying _______ a good family. 每个家庭调查另一个家庭，确保孩子娶或嫁到一个好家庭。此处需要填入一个介词，嫁入另一个家庭，介词选择into最合适。故选A。7、【答案】C but【解析】若要判断此空的答案，需要看到前后文的具体含义和逻辑关系。空格上半句说：原来传统婚礼持续三天，后半句说：到20世纪80年代婚礼通常持续1天半，显然前后文形成了对比，故选C。8、【答案】C recite【解析】原文：Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and______ prayers of blessing.佛教神职人员提供一个简短的布道和__________祈祷祝福。四个选项中只有recite prayers为其固定搭配，意为"诵经"。故选C。9、【答案】D tying【解析】原文：________ cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride's and groom's wrists, 把浸泡在圣水中的棉线______在新娘和新郎的手腕。A folding 折叠； B piling 堆积；C wrapping 包裹；以上三项均不符合文意，故选D项tying，绑，系。10、【答案】B passing【解析】原文： around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the union.在一圈婚姻幸福美满和德高望重的情侣中_________一根蜡烛来祝福他们。根据语境，A lighting，点亮，C hiding隐藏，D serving 服务;均不合适，只能选B passing 传递。故选B。11、【答案】D union【解析】该句讲到：围坐在新婚夫妇身边祝福他们的____. 根据语境可知应填入团聚的含义，四个选项中union可以表示团聚之意， 为正确答案meeting会议、会面，association联合、联盟，collection收集、集合，均不符合语境。12、【答案】 D live【解析】该句意思是：传统意义上讲新婚夫妇搬去新娘的父母家，并和他们______长达一年之久。前文讲到新婚夫妇搬去新娘的父母家，后文应保持一致性，"和他们生活在一起"故为答案live (with) 与……生活在一起，grow成长，part (with)表分离，反向干扰，deal (with) 处理、应对，不符合题意，故live为正确答案13、【答案】 B until【解析】该句意思是：新婚夫妇搬去新娘的父母家，并和他们______长达一年之久，______他们能够在附近建造新房。空格需要填入逻辑连接词，前后为时间先后关系，故代入until，语义合理，"直到他们造新房之前都住在新娘父母家"。前后文无转折，可排除whereas然而。for表原因，if表条件，代入均不合理。因此答案为until。14、【答案】 A obtain【解析】该句意思是：离婚是合法的并容易______，但并不普遍。填入词应与legal感情色彩一致，故排除avoid（避免）及challenge（挑战，质疑），而follow（跟随）一词通常不与divorce搭配。选项obtain代入语境中，obtain a divorce可以表示获得离婚，搭配合理，语义通顺，为正确答案。15、【答案】C viewed【解析】该句意思是：人们______离婚的人是反对的。此处需填入动作，isolated隔离，persuaded劝说，viewed看待、视为，exposed暴露、揭露。代入文中viewed是最合理的，人们看待离婚的人持反对态度的。因此答案为viewed。16、【答案】D whatever【解析】此处空前有动词retain， 因此需要填入一个连词引导宾语从句， 并且与property搭配，共同充当从句中的宾语。因此排除A选项wherever"无论何地"和C选项whenever"无论何时"。B 选项"however"，作"但是"解，与句意不服， 作"无论多么"理解， 后面常跟形容词，而非名词。 而whatever 与property搭配，可以充当宾语从句的宾语，表示"一切财产"，因此选项D为正确答案。17、【答案】B brought【解析】此处需要填入一个动词，能和property 形成动宾搭配。A选项changed意为"改变"， B选项brought意为"带来"，C选项shaped意为"形成"，D选项pushed意为"推搡"。因此符合文意，能够和财产搭配的只能是选项B。18、【答案】A divided【解析】空格处是一个被动语态， 此处仍然需要填入一个与jointly-acquired property（共同获得的财产）形成动宾搭配的动词。A 选项divided"分割"，不B选项invested"投资"，C选项donated"捐赠"，D选项withdrawn"取钱；撤走资金"，均能和jointly-acquired property构成动宾搭配，但是此处的情境是讨论离婚时的行为， 因此A选项为正确选项。19、【答案】C shows【解析】此处考察固定词组。 A选项clear up意为"（天空）放晴；治疗；处理；解释"，B选项warm up意为"使变热；（使）更活跃"，C选项show up意为"显现，出现"，D选项break up意为"结束；使破碎"。后文提到离婚后，男士可以立即重婚， 而女士必须要等十个月，可知符合文意，并且能够和"性别歧视"搭配的只能是选项C。20、【答案】A while【解析】此处考察上下文的逻辑关系。上文指出，离婚男士在他再婚前没有一个等候期，空格后提到"女性必须要等待10个月"，显然，这二者之间不是因果关系，因此排除B选项 so that"所以"和D选项in that"因为"，也不是C选项once"一旦"所表达的条件关系，因此正确答案为A选项。Section II Reading ComprehensionPart AText 121、【答案】[A] physical beauty would be redefined【解析】推断题。根据题干first paragraph定位第一段，其中第一句France ,which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion instry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman.以作为全球时尚创新者为荣的法国承认已经失去定义女性形体美的绝对权利，说明法国以前制定的形体美的标准已不再适用，现在需要做出改变，故A选项为正确答案。22、【答案】[D] doing harm to【解析】词义题。根据题干关键词"impinging on"(line2, para2)，定位到第二段的第二句"They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health."（他们认为美女不应该以…健康的外表来界定）。该句承接本段第一句"Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives."其中，Such measures指代的正是第一段中阐述的"雇佣过瘦(excessive thinness)的模特会犯罪的法律规定"，且excessive一词表明了情感色彩是贬义的。因此，推断出impinging on对health是"有害的、不利的"，故选[D] doing harm to。23、【答案】[B] New standards are being set in Danmark【解析】细节题。根据题干关键词定位在原文第五段。由该段第二句可知，丹麦等国正在制定模特的标准。与选项[B]丹麦正在制定新的标准相符合，故正确。24、【答案】[C] showing little concern for health factors【解析】推理题。题干问的是"设计师似乎被CFW拒绝的原因"。根据题干关键词，回文定位到倒数第二段，其中指出"…enforcement is to deny access for designers…"，意思是"法案拒绝设计师进入CFW，它是由丹麦时装学院创办的。"，再根据该段前两句可知，丹麦时尚界同意关于模特的年纪，健康以及其他特点的法规和制裁，也就是说，丹麦时装学院不再只关注身材，也关注健康。而设计师一般都是以瘦为美，而忽视健康。综上所述，设计师被拒绝的原因是不考虑健康因素，故选[C] showing little concern for health factors。25、【答案】[A] A challenge to the Fashion Instry's Body Ideals【解析】主旨题。首段指出法律要求时尚界不能用过瘦的模特，接下来的段落重点说明时尚界的模特同时还需考虑年纪，健康以及其他方面的因素等。因此这篇文章的中心是围绕对时尚界理想体型观点的挑战，故[A] A challenge to the Fashion Instry's Body Ideals正确。Text 226、【答案】A is not reflected in politics【解析】事实细节题。根据题干"英国大众对于乡村的观点"，可定位于文章的第一段。从文章第一段的后半段能得出：英国人民在民意调查中将"乡村"和王室、莎士比亚以及英国国民保健制度并列选为英国让他们最为自豪的四个方面，但是这种观点得到的政治支持却极为有限。A选项"is not well reflected in politics"在政治中没有得到很好的体现是对原文意思的同义替换，故选A。27、【答案】D graally destroyed【解析】事实细节题。根据题干很明确能回文定位到文章第二段。该段通过第一句的"a century ago"和后面的"later"可知是在做古今对比。题干中问的是"now"，所以重点锁定在对比中的后半部分，而这部分中"They don't make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it."一句表明现在的National Trust已背离了它原始的初衷，它之前的那些成就已经消失了。D选项 graally destroyed正是对这一意思的表述，故选D。28、【答案】C Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation【解析】推理判断题。回文定位到第三段，该段主要讲了各大党派对于这个观点（及第一段中提到的观点）的态度：基本都不赞同。最后一部分"only Ukip, sensing its chance, has sided with those pledging for a considered approach to using green land"该句说明只有Ukip这个党派是赞同这个观点，要保护乡村的。C选项正是对原文的同义置换，故选C。29、【答案】D reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas【解析】本题属于观点态度题，根据George Osborne 可以定位到文中第五段。文中提到George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. 后面一句还提到He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. 通过这两句话可以看出GO是比较喜欢rural的，而通过两个against 则可以看出对urban areas的prejudice. 故选择D reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas30、【答案】C the town-and-country planning Britain【解析】本题属于观点态度题，根据最后一段第一句话可以确定本段的中心是第一句Development should be planned, not let trip, 说明发展是要有计划的，不能任其自由发展。然后再具体讲Britain经过半个世纪the town-and-country planning有计划的发展，取得了很好的成效。故选择C the town-and-country planning Britain.Text 331、【答案】A uncertainty【解析】态度题。根据题干中的关键词Milton Friedman, CSR 可以定位到第一段开头处，米尔顿·弗里德曼认为："企业有且只有一种责任，为增加利润而运用资源，开展活动"。紧接着文章转折并提出"things may not be absolutely clear-cut". 情况并不明确。由此推知，作者对此的态度是uncertainty. A选项是clear-cut的同意置换。选项B skepticism怀疑和选项C. tolerance宽容，都无从得知，选项D. approval 支持，属反项干扰，故答案选A.32、【答案】D. winning trust from consumers.【解析】细节题。根据第二段，以及题干中的关键词CSR，定位文章二段内容，公司花大笔资金在CSR上面，其结果就是"this could add value to their business in three ways", "以三种方式分别给公司带来价值"。紧接着文章分别阐述三种方式，得出正确答案为D. CSR是通过赢得顾客的信任从而帮助公司获益。33、【答案】D less severe【解析】词义题。根据题干回文定位到第四段第一句。通过该段第二句的描述可以得知CSR和政治影响是对立的两个因素。而第二句冒号后面交代，参与政治活动较多的公司不会受到较低的罚款。这就意味着，反而具有全面的CSR项目的公司受到的罚款比较低。因此，结合选项可以推出第一句话中的more lenient penalties指less severe，即不那么严重的（宽大）的惩罚。因此正确答案为D。34、【答案】B has an impact on their decision【解析】细节题。根据题干中的prosecutors evaluate a case回文定位到第五段第二句。该句指出虽然检察官在评估一个案件时，应该基于其功绩，实际上还是受到了公司CSR记录的影响。故正确答案为选项B。题干中的a company's CSR record是原文信息的复现，选项中的has an impact是原文be influenced的同义替换，their decision具体指检察官的评估决定。35、【答案】A The necessary amount of companies spending on it is unknown【解析】细节题。根据题干回文定位到最后一段。该段首句指出，研究者们承认他们的研究没有解决的问题是：针对CSR各大企业到底该支出多少费用。故正确答案为选项A，其中the necessary amount of companies spending on it（it指代CRS）是原文how much businesses ought to spend on CRS的同义替换，表达的核心都是"公司到底该支出多少费用"；unknown对应原文中的does not answer the question，对这个问题并没有做出回答。Text 436、【答案】[D] the high cost of operation【解析】从题干提取关键词ending和e to 定位到第二段主题句中的 incentive to ditch the print (放弃印刷的原因)。随后解释了infrastructure isn't just expensive （设备不仅仅是昂贵）。此外，该段还对比对手电子图书：don't have the same set of financial constraints（经济限制）。因此可以确定答案D： the high cost of operation 高昂的运营费用。选项A. The increasing online ad sales网络广告收入日益增加。该选项与该段 "And though print ad sales continue to dwarf their online and mobile counterparts"相违背。选项B. the pressure from its investors来自投资者的压力。该选项属于无中生有；选项C. the complaints from its readers读者的抱怨。同样是无中生有选项。37、【答案】[A] make strategic adjustments【解析】首先根据Peretti suggests定位到阐述Peretti观点的第四段第一句：Peretti says the Times shouldn't waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way.可以确定答案A. make strategic adjustments进行战略调整。选项B. end the print edition for good永远结束印刷版本。该选项和shouldn't不符。选项C. seek new sources of readership挖掘更多读者。文章中未提到。选项D. aim for efficient management提高管理效率。文章中未提到。38、【答案】[B] is meant for the most loyal customers【解析】本题答案定位到第6段第1句"The most loyal customers would still get the proct they favor"以及"make it for the people who are already obsessed with it"。其他选项"会降低报纸成本""有助于恢复报纸以前的辉煌""有助于报纸的流行和普及"这些信息文中均未提及。39、【答案】[C] aggressiveness better meets challenges【解析】根据题干中的"in a changing world"定位到文章最后一段最后一句. 原文说当市场和世界形势发生变化时，我们所做的事情就毫无意义了。在这种情形下，"more aggressive（积极进取）is better", 和答案中的关键信息"aggressiveness better"相呼应。其他选项意思原文中均未提及。40、【答案】[D] Make Your Print Newspaper a Luxury Good【解析】本文主要是讲述报纸行业为防止被淘汰的而需要做出的应对之策。根据文中第5段最后一句的"raise prices, and make it into more of a legacy proct"以及第6段中"increase it at a higher rate each year..."可得知，应该不应该立即取消或淘汰报纸行业，而应该把它变成一种更像文化遗产的一种产品，并且要不断提高报纸的价格，变成一种奢侈品。Part B41、【答案】B （Decide if the time is right）【解析】该段中出现了表示时间的词汇和短语：ring transitions; in a period of , time。在不同的时间段，作者给出了不同的策略。浏览小标题发现，只有选项B出现了表示时间的词汇。再次回看原文，本段第二句中的good与小标题中的right也恰好对应，因此确定正确答案为B选项。42、【答案】G （Know your goals）【解析】该段首句提到"弄清楚你希望达到的效果"，然后以问句形式提出段落主题，接着分两个方面来阐述：目标不同，要求不同。本段第一句话中的"get clear"与小标题中的"know"属于同义表达，并且本段第三句话中the goal 与小标题中的goal完全对应，因此正确答案为G选项。43、【答案】D （Understand the context）【解析】该段第一句话提到"要像人类学家一样来考虑你的工作环境"，接着给出了几个排比的问句，都是针对工作环境的具体细节的发问。最重要的是在结尾部分，作者总结评论道，"The better you …, the more control you …"，意为"对文化背景理解得越好，对自己的影响力就有越好的控制"。很明显，这句话凸显了context的重要性，而且出现了关键词的复现understand和context。因此，答案选D选项。44、【答案】E （Work with professionals）【解析】本段按照总分的形式安排，并且在首句给出两处关键词professionals 和 share with，即"支持专家的意见，并且与其分享个人的目标"。下文是举例论述，例如去找私人造型师而不是理发师等。紧接着下文就给出 "work with a professional photographer"让专业人士拍照片而不是自己的朋友或者是配偶。因此可以得出结论本段是围绕专业人士professionals 的重要性来展开的。故选择 Work with professionals.45、【答案】F （Make it efficient）【解析】该段落主题句出现在转折之后，即"Instead, use it as an opportunity to rece decision fatigue."，其中it指代上一句中style upgrade。通过前后两句话对比指出目的是利用style upgrade作为机会来rece decision fatigue（减少决定疲乏），从而来提高办事效率。后两句话作为论据进一步论证这一观点，因此答案选F选项。Section III Translation46、【题目考点】宾语从句，被动语态【句子结构】分号连接两个句子：第一个句子主干为we don't have to learn，how引导宾语从句作learn的宾语，其中how表示方式；第二个句子主干为it is built into us，其中代词it指代前句提及的mental health；in the same way表示方式，that引导定语从句，其中又嵌套了how引导的宾语从句，作know的宾语。【重点词汇】build sth. into sth.：使成为……的组成部分；heal：治愈；mend：修理，痊愈，愈合。【参考译文】我们不必一定去学习如何做到心理健康，这种能力植根于我们自身，就像我们的身体知道如何愈合伤口，如何修复断骨。47、【题目考点】被动语态，并列结构【句子结构】分号连接两个句子：第一个句子为主谓结构的简单句；第二个句子为but连接的两个并列分句，表达转折关系，主干为it can be hidden, but it is capable of being restored，其中介词短语like the sun behind a cloud表示比喻。【重点词汇】temporarily：暂时地；hide：隐藏，藏匿；be capable of：能够；restore：复原，恢复；in an instant：立刻，立即。【参考译文】心理健康不会去往他方。如同乌云可能蔽日，心理健康可能会暂时隐藏于视线之外，但它完全可以在须臾之间复原如初。48、【题目考点】条件状语从句，并列结构，让步状语从句，介词短语【句子结构】本句主干为：mental health allows us to view others…，三个并列的介词短语with..表示伴随。其中分别嵌套了if引导的两个条件状语从句和no matter who引导的让步状语从句。【重点词汇】sympathy：同情；unconditional：无条件的，绝对的，无限制的。【参考译文】心理健康使我们在他人陷入危难之时给予同情，痛苦不已时给予善意，无论对谁，都能给予无条件的爱。49、【题目考点】让步状语从句，原因状语从句，宾语从句【句子结构】 句子主干是it is perfectly ordinary。it指代前文提及的mental health；although引导让步状语从句，其主干为mental health is the cure-all。as引导原因状语从句，其主干为you will see；that引导从句做see的宾语，其主干为it has been there to direct you【重点词汇】cure-all：合成名词，万灵药；perfectly：完全地，指程度；see：领会，理解。【参考译文】尽管心理健康是人们度过一生的一剂万能良药，但它又普通不已，因为当你需要做出艰难决定时，都可感受到它的存在。50、【题目考点】非限定性定语从句，动名词结构，宾语从句【句子结构】句子主干是knowing that…and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily。两个动名词结构knowing…并列作主句的主语，其中that引导的宾语从句作knowing的宾语。句首的as引导非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句，翻译时可以处理为"就像…，正如…"。【重点词汇】available：可获得的，可用的。【参考译文】就像你会渐渐明白，深悉心理健康一直触手可得并且值得信任，使我们能放慢生活脚步，活在当下，幸福生活。Section IV Writing51、【参考范文】NoticeFor better serving the international students, a notice is released here to provide the necessary information about the library.The university library opens at 8 a.m. and closes at 10 p.m. from Monday to Friday, but from 9 a.m. to 9 p.m. on weekends. If you need to borrow books, please follow the following steps. First, bring your student card and register first at the librarian's office. At most six books can be borrowed once from the library. You should keep in mind the days that you can keep the book(s) you borrow. Three months is the longest period. If you exceed the limited time, some fines should be paid.If you have any questions or suggestions about borrowing or returning books, telephone 010-8248119 or send an email to university@163.com. We sincerely hope you all enjoy the study and life in our university.University LibraryDecember 26, 201552、【参考范文】The above two pictures reveal two father's different teaching methods. In the first picture, the father is urging his son to study hard while he is smoking and watching TV idly. In the second picture, the father and his son are both concentrating on the study. The caption under the cartoon reads: "It is better to set an example than to make demands".Apparently, the author of the cartoon focuses on a fact that many parents when ecating their children tend to neglect the impact of their own acts upon their children. It is without any doubt that all parents hope that their children could have a bright future. Therefore, they tend to count on schools and the society to provide their kids with a good ecation. However, what they don't realize is that parents are the first teachers of children. Parents failing to set a role model for their children will only result in an unhealthy family atmosphere, which is definitely harmful to the future development of their children.From my perspective, ecation from parents is of vital importance to a child's healthy growth. Therefore, parents should provide their children with a favorable growing environment by being a positive role model. Only through persistent efforts and proper guidance can children enjoy a bright future.