近几年考研英语题型

考研英语很重要，那我们如何去准备呢？首先考研er要了解自己考的是英语一还是英语二。虽然英语一、英语二都会考察完形填空、新题型、作文、阅读理解、翻译，但是在翻译题以及作文上存在分值上的差异。英语一中的翻译题是翻译5个句子（每个句子2分），英语二中的翻译题是翻译一整篇文章（整篇文章15分）。英语一中的作文是漫画作文，分值是20分，英语二中的作文是图表作文，分值是15分。其次考研er要根据考研英语的各个题型进行有计划地复习，下面研学长便给大家介绍一下应如何对考研英语的各个题型进行准备：一，完形填空完形填空主要考察的是句法关系以及逻辑关系。英语不同于汉语，英语是非常重视形式的语言，也就是更加强调句子的完整性，主谓宾各个成分之间的搭配关系（主语和谓语之间的搭配关系以及定语和其相应名词、从句间的修饰关系等等），这就是完形填空要考察的句法关系。那么对于句法关系我们应如何如何去攻克呢？研学长认为考研er首先应明确完形填空题考察的是哪一种句法关系，如果一道完形填空题考察的是动词的词义辨析，那么考研er就要找到动词的发出者以及动词的承受者，然后代入动词看一下搭配是否合适。以此类推如果一道完形填空题考察的是名词的词义辨析，那么就将相应的名词代入，看一下搭配是否合适。其次完形填空可能会通过两个方面来考察逻辑关系，一方面是通过逻辑关系词来进行词义辨析，另一方面是根据词义辨析来选择逻辑关系词。如果一道完形填空题考察的是逻辑关系，那么考研er就要找到题干中的逻辑关系词和选项中的逻辑关系词，逻辑关系词可以给考研er提供找到正确答案的线索。2，阅读理解攻克阅读理解的关键在于对单词的记忆和对长难句的分析。对单词的记忆考研er可以用词根词缀法来攻克。对长短句的分析考研er除了需要掌握基本的语法长难句的知识，还需要掌握规避长难句的方法。如何规避长难句呢？举两个例子来说，如果考研er遇到让步状语从句，考研er只需关注让步状语从句中不含逻辑关系词的部分，其他部分可以忽略不看；如果长难句是虚拟语气，那么考研er也可以忽略不看，因为在考研阅读的文章中的事实性、观点性的语言才是考研er需要重点掌握的内容。规避长难句的关键在于掌握化繁为简的技巧，这个研学长官网上有具体的讲解，考研er可以在百度上搜索“研学长”去研学长官网上查看。3，新题型新题型的技巧性比较强，考研er不需要花费大量的时间去练习，只需掌握相关的技巧就好。这些技巧在研学长官网上也有具体的讲解。4，翻译关于考研英语的翻译，考研er要注意翻译的准确性和通顺性。翻译的基础在于单词以及长难句，如今刚刚将入7月，考研er只需打好单词以及长难句的基础，后期研学长官网上会发布一些翻译技巧，考研er熟练掌握这些翻译技巧，考研英语的翻译题拿到1—8分不成问题。5，作文考研英语中的作文的得分点在于语言多样（将低级词汇变成高级词汇）和句式多变（将简单句写成多变的复合句以及倒装句等特殊句式）。这都有一定的规律可循，考研er可以对研学长官网上公布的历年考研英语答案卷中的的范文进行总结，形成自己的模板及写作风格。考研各个题型的准备都有各自的规律，希望考研er可以效率以及针对性的学习，最后能够取得理想的分数。

考研英语非常重要的一部分就是阅读，大家在掌握英语阅读技巧的情况下， 还要从历年来的考点来看看其规律性，下面带着大家盘点下近六年的考题。2018年考研阅读如下内容：第一篇：人工智能　　第二篇：媒体技能　　第三篇：数据利用　　第四篇：美国邮政2017考研阅读如下内容：第一篇：安检措施　　第二篇：选址之争　　第三篇：GDP缺陷　　第四篇：美国法律2016年阅读：第一篇：时尚立法　　第二篇：英国乡村　　第三篇：社会责任　　第四篇：媒体变革2015年阅读：第一篇：欧洲王室　　第二篇：美国法律　　第三篇：科学期刊　　第四篇：媒体道德2014年阅读：第一篇：英国福利　　第二篇：美国律师　　第三篇：科学奖励　　第四篇：自由教育2013年阅读：第一篇：快时尚业　　第二篇：数据保护　　第三篇：人类未来　　第四篇：美国法律从近六年出的内容来看， 话题考查重复率很高，相似度也很高。建议各位小伙伴把这几年的真题反复研读，大部分考点可能会重复的。

考研英语各个题型的答题时间分配参考：不管大作文还是小作文都一样的哈，差不多都是这个样子！对于以上的考研英语各题型的时间分配表，童鞋们可以根据自身的实际情况来做一个调整，以上仅仅是个参考！还有就是如果对时间把握有点不太确定的，可以在考前掐表做几套模拟题，或者是最后留几套真题，掐表做，然后看看自己的速度。这样子，你真的考试的时候就会比较熟练，对做完整个卷子的时间把把握不会有太大的偏差。还有最后一个月的时间了，坚持一下下哦！

2020考研英语一真题及答案【完整版】！【完形】Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another quilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin -crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such adarmlist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 it was rumourded that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15Doubtless a piece of boiled feef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the York shire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 ,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but rece their lifetime intake.However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.1. [A]In [B]Towards [C]on [D]Till2. [A ]match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concem4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C] compelled [D]guaranteed5. [A]issued [B]received [C]ignored [D]cancelled6. [A] under [B]at [C]for [D]by7. [A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D] avoid8. [A]partially [B]regularly [C] easily [D]initially9. [A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D]While10.[A] secondary [B]extermal [C] conclusive [D] negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D]slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C] In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C] connection [D]pattern16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C] graally [D] carefully19.[A] promise [B] experience [C]campaign [D] competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C] open up [D]end up答案（1-20）1. on2. match3. enjoyment4. intensified5. issued6. at7. avoid8. easily9. while10. conclusive11. bound12. on the basis of13. advisable14. after all15. connection16. served17. to be fair18. entirely19. campaign20. end up【阅读】Section III Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for Zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. "A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a "town of culture" award could [A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as [A] a sensible compromise.[B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-cotching bonus.[D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it [A] endeavours to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present [A] a contrasting case.[B] a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D] a related topic.25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical[B] Objective[C] Favourable[D] Critical答案（21-25）21.D focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.B a self-deceiving attempt.23.D commits to its long-term growth.24.B a supporting example.25.C Favourable.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money, Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the proction of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing instry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers proced in the world, made profits of more than f 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than f 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every pay walled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms; either freely available from the moment of publication,or pay walled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their proct free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around500 to $5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these "article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because [A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.!27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have [A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing instry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? [A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned.[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms [A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] rece the cost of publication substantially.[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D] The few feed on the many.答案（26-30）26.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27.A thrived mainly on university libraries.28.D Encouraged.29.A allow publishers some room to make money.30.D The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are lessthan40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feelgood but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will [A] help little to rece gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the Califormia measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C] It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate [A] the harm from arbitrary board decision. [B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to [A] the underestimation of elite women's role[B] the objection to female participation on boards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women's need in employment should be considered.[B] Feasibility, should be a prime concern in policy making.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.答案（31-35）31.A help little to rece gender bias.32.C It may go against the Constitution.33.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.35.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.Text4 :Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a"GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple, Facebook and Amazon-in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax).Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance, law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union. Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach aconsensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to [A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax [A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that [A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work [A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to in involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy答案（36-40）36.C impose alevy on tech multinationals.37.A may trigger countermeasures against France.38.B the current international tax system needs upgrading39.C is faced with uncertain prospects.40.B France leads the charge on Digital TaxPart B Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fix actions are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated [F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way, But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor ring a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact: We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In althood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42. Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer ring a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond ring direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. "Whether you' re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you' re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.44. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image. are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45. In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues "Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ." A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.答案（41-45）41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signal42.E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43.G Eye contact can also be aggressive44.A Eye fixactions are brief45.D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence ring the 14h century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17h century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored itellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) Before each of their revelations many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking.including the geo-centric view that the Earth was a the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory ring a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress. this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe ring most of 17h century. (49) As many took on the ty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17h and I8h centuries were times of radical change and curiosity, Scientific method,rectionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase' sapere aude' or dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay" An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?".It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.答案（46-50）46.随着教会的教义和思维方式在文艺复兴时期黯然失色，中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合，从而出现了新的及尚未开发的知识领域。47.在每个真理揭示之前，当时的许多思想家都采用了更古老的思维方式，仍旧沿用以前的思维模式，其中包括认为地球是宇宙中心的地球中心说。48.尽管教会试图镇压这-代逻辑学家和理性主义者，但人们对宇宙如何运转的解释却越来越多，并且以-种不容忽视的速度在增加。49.当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时，文艺复兴时代已经结束，并且开启了一个新的时代。50.此类寻求知识和了解已知信息的行为被拉丁语概括为：“sapere aude"即"敢于求知”作文Section ll WritingPart A51. Directions:The students union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest. White a notice in about 100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice. (10 points)小作文：通知留学生唱歌比赛 【参考范文】NoticeDec.21, 2019In order to enrich the campus life and provide the colorful life for you, the Students' Union is preparing the upcoming singing contest, which will be held in the auditorium in our university on the evening of December 31, 2019. Now, the Union is recruiting contestants for this competition.Anyone who are fond of signing or interested in the competition, please send his or her application to students’union@sohu.com before next Wednesday. Besides, there are generous awards in gratitude for this activity. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any queries concerning the singing contest. Meanwhile, volunteers for this activity are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs.We are looking forward to your participation.The Students' UnionPart B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below, In your essay, you should1) Describe the picture briefly,2) Interpret the implied meaning, and3) Give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)大作文：习惯良好的时间管理习惯 【参考范文】Portrayed distinctively by the two cartoons above is an impressive scene: a girl in the left picture is doing homework and saying that early completion is better. Nevertheless, the boy in the right picture is sitting in front of the desk and saying that he will not finish the homework until the last minute.Undoubtedly, the symbolic implication of the pictures is to show us that importance should be attached to the formation of good habits, especially the good habit of time management. On the one hand, efficient time management is critical to personal development. As the old saying goes,“Time is money," and in the fast-paced modern life, it seems that we always have a lot of things to do and we are very busy. In the face of such a situation, we have to realize that efficiency holdsthe key to saving time and time management skills hold the key to personal success. On the other hand, good time management habits play a vital role in the development of the whole society. There is no doubt that, to a large extent, social progress is closely related to the efforts of each indivial. If we can develop the good habit of time management, we are much more likely to improve efficiency and have a better performance in the learning and working process, which is anintegral part of social advances and prosperity.From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that the sense of efficient time management skills is of equal importance in personal and social progress.Therefore,we ought to take advantage of the phenomenon to enlighten the public and the press is expected to take a lead in advertising the value of developing good time management habits. Only in this way can we have a bright future.以上便是整理的2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案，2021考研的小伙伴可以参考真题，准备明年12月的考研初试。下面分享一份公共课书单，希望对大家有用：【英语书单】单词：闪过英语《考研词汇闪过》按重要程度划分了频考词、基础词、偶考词、超纲词，划重点，后期冲刺只背高频词和基础词，省时间。真题：《考研真相》（英语二：考研圣经）：一词一句讲解真题，重点词汇和每个句子都有详细讲解，不怕你看不懂，还有排除干扰项的方法，帮助提高答对率，适合基础弱的人。作文：英语一《写作160篇》/英语二《写作宝中宝》：通过词句段篇先教你学会写作文，再用三步作文法帮你拔高，专门针对基础薄弱的。【数学书单】《张宇真题大全解》：从94年到现在的真题都包括了，讲解很好，帮助研究数学题型。李永乐王式安660题：用这本书练习做题，都是经典题型！同济六版/七版《高等数学》上、下同济五版/六版《线性代数》课本：《线性代数》、《概率论》、《数理统计》【政治书单】官方红宝书（政治大纲解析）；风中劲草（三本书）、肖秀荣系列：精讲精练、1000题、讲真题、形势与政策、冲刺八套卷、最后四套卷；蒋中挺冲刺5套卷；启航20天20题

众所周知，考研英语对于准备考研的小伙伴来说至关重要。而考研英语满分是100分，时间是180分钟。平均下来，就是需要我们在18分钟内完成10分的题目。除去涂卡的时间，大概就是需要15分钟完成10分的题目。在考研英语这几大提醒中，阅读又占据了英语的大概半壁江山，传统阅读就占到40分。所以阅读的得分情况对于我们英语过线或者拿到高分都至关重要，我们应该非常重视阅读这一题型。那在备考过程中我们如何来快速而准确的完成我们的阅读题目，取得理想的分数呢？下面我们就考研英语阅读六种题型的解题技巧做个梳理和归纳总结。一、题型分析首先，我们应该从考研英语阅读的体裁进行分析，大部分阅读的文章属于议论文。那议论文的核心结构就是论点和论据两部分。阅读题目的题型主要有以下六种： ① 主旨大意题（对中心论点的考查）；② 段落推断题（段落论点的考查）；③ 例证题（论点和论据关系的考查）；④ 态度题（作者或者文章某人对某事物的观点态度的考查）；⑤ 词义句意题（对某个词或者句子意义的考查）；⑥ 细节题（对文章某个细节事实信息的考查）。明确了阅读题的六大题型，我们就可以针对每个题型来梳理和归纳每类题的解题思路和技巧了。二、六大题型解题思路不同的题型考查的重点不一样，所以每类题型的解题思路也会有差异。下面我们来想归纳一下该六大题型的解题技巧，给同学们的阅读解题提供思路和方法。① 主旨大意题主旨大意题识别：该题是针对文章中心的考查。我们做阅读题目的第一步永远是识别题目。主旨大意题的识别比较简单：题干中出现title,subject, mainly about/discuss/The text intends to tell us ...等这些字眼的时候，我们要能识别出来是主旨大意题；而且在题目位置的设定上，主旨大意题一般都在最后一题。解题思路：一、通过读题干解主旨大意，一共有三种方法，分别是：1）通过题干中反复出现的普通表达及同义词来解；2）首末题干解；3）题干中的态度倾向来解。二、通过文章确定答案：1）看文章开头，围绕转折寻找文章中心；2）看看是否是“抛砖引玉”引出文章中心；3）通过文章首句判断文章中心。（注：需要提醒的是这三种读题干解主旨大意题的方法是有顺序的。永远是优先考虑第一种，第一种不能有效解题的时候在再考虑第二种，然后第三种。通过读题干我们可以解出一部分主旨大意题，还有一部分主旨大意题我们不能通过读题干解出来，这时我们可以采用第二类。第二类也是遵循同样的顺序，优先考虑第一种，有无明显转折，没有转折，再看是否是抛砖引玉，最后看首句）最后定位信息和选项进行信息匹配，选出答案。② 段落推断题段落推断题识别：1）题干中infer/imply/indicate/learn from/suggest等标志词2）某段discuss/conclude....3）Which of the following is true according to Para X ?解题思路：由于段落推断题主要是对段落论点的考查，经常考查的段落论点的位置常在段落的转折处、段首和段末出现。所以我们的解题思路是：先看段落有无明显的转折，没有明显转折再看段首，段首不能解题，再看段末。最后进行定位处信息与选项信息进行匹配，那个信息匹配度最高，哪个是我们的答案。③ 例证题例证题识别： 1）题干中example/case/story.... is to show/demonstrate/illustrate...相关字眼的；2）位置识别：把题干信息放回原文，发现信息是例子，间接判断。解题思路：识别后，用题干中的例子信息进行原文定位，（既然是例证题，所以例子作为论据是证明论点的）然后在定位的例子前找例子证明的观点信息，然后把观点信息和选项信息进行匹配，匹配度最高为答案。④ 态度题态度题识别：1）题干中有attitude,view, opinion, feel等词2）选项中是四个态度词解题思路：由于考研阅读的文章大部分来自于西方权威学术议论文，这就限定了在这样的文章中作者不能随意表达自己的观点态度。有一些态度可以表达，有一些态度不可表达。可以表达的态度：1)“正”态度，即积极、正面的态度：agree/support/positive/appreciation/...2) “负”态度，即消极、负面的态度：disagree/ oppose/ negative/critical/skeptical... 3) “中”态度，即客观的态度：objective/impartial...不可以表达的态度：1）歧视类：biased/discriminate/prejudice... 2) 冷漠类：indifference/uninterested/interested/concerned... 3)不清楚：unclear/ambiguous/uncertain... 4) 情感过于强烈，肯定或否定：enthusiastic/strongly/absolutely... 5) 容忍类：tolerance/inlgent...那么我们态度题解题思路就是识别后，先排除不可以表达的态度词，然后再用题干信息定位，通过定位信息中的态度词或者论述来判断相应的态度倾向。 ⑤ 词义句意题词义句意题识别：“某个词或句子”is closest in meaning/probably means...解题思路：先用“某个词或句子”回原文进行定位，定位到信息以后，通过上下文的逻辑关系来推测词义句意。我们常考的逻辑关系可以大致分为两大类：语义的一致（包括并列、总分、论点和论据）和语义的相反（转折、让步和对比）。如果没有明显的逻辑关系，我们还可以通过定位信息的感情色彩帮助我们推测词义句意。⑥ 细节题细节题识别：排除前五大题型，剩下的就是细节题。解题思路：细节题是对文章细节信息的考查。我们的解题步骤是：1）利用题文同序进行模糊定位，缩小解题范围； 2）利用关键词进行精准定位，锁定解题信息。（注：关键词可以分为题干中关键词和选项中关键词，优先考虑题干中关键词进行精准定位，可能涉及到题干中存在唯一关键词或者多词并用作为关键词；如果题干中没有有效信息定位，我们可以通过选项中关键词来一一定位）；3）定位好信息后，把定位信息与选项信息进行匹配，哪个信息匹配度最高，哪个是答案。三、总结归纳以上就是我们针对考研阅读六大题型的识别和解题思路进行的梳理和总结。在这里再温馨提示一下：① 在做阅读的过程中，我们优先看题干有没有主旨大意题，如果有，可以先解决主旨大意题；② 在做不论哪个题型时，我们的第一步永远是识别题目。因为每种题型的解题思路都是不同的，所以我们必须先识别，再选择该题目相应的解题思路和方法； ③ 解题思路了解后，最重要的是我们利用真题进行实战演练，熟练掌握每个题型的解题技巧。希望我们总结的考研阅读的六大题型解题思路能对大家的解题提供帮助，为大家的考研梦助力，最后祝大家能够实现自己的考研梦，加油。

从2005考研英语改革开始，考研英语新题型其实我们已经不陌生了。考研英语新题型是什么？其实总结一下就是阅读的段落大意题，不管是7选5（选句填空）、排序题还是段落标题选择题，考察的内容都是从一个方向出发的，就是考察你的逻辑思维、文章结构的理解以及对段落的总结。我们就从做新题型的步骤、技巧来看看考研英语新题型是什么？该怎么做？做题步骤：一.7选5（选句填空）题①读文章首段，为了先了解文章的大意，是讲什么内容的。②读选项，可以把选项都翻译成中文，备注在旁边。这样做题的时候，看中文反应就会快点~③根据各个空白处的所在位置，看空白处的上下文，要根据上下文的逻辑思路、语义来选择最适合的答案。④将所选选项带回原文，通读一遍。二.排序题①读文章首段，了解文章的主旨。②浏览各个选项，重点阅读各段首末句，概括出选项的大意，从而明确整个文章大致内容。③根据各个段落的逻辑关系给选项排序。④把所选的顺序通读一遍，看看全文的逻辑性是否一致。三.小标题选择题①先通读各个选项，从选项中推断出相关段落的大致内容。②细读段落，抓住每个主题句、词，正确答案常常是主题句的改写。③将从段落中提炼的主题句和选项对比，选出答案。做题技巧1.注意文章或选项中的代词在做这类题目的时候，一定要注意文中出现的人称代词或者指示代词，因为我们知道，代词是指代一个名词或者一个句子的，然后通过代词在句子中所做的成分我们可以推断出它指代的内容，我们要做的就是从选项中找出含有相应内容的句段。2.注意语段特征关系（《考研真相》书中总结的语段特征关系，大家可以参考下）考研英语新题型是什么？难不难？我想只要认真做题、掌握思路和技巧。新题型会是为你的英语添分的大项！考研英语新题型是什么？以上我的一些经验，希望能帮助到复习准备考研英语的学弟学妹们~最后给大家分享一份我的必备考研英语书单，需要资料的小伙伴可以参考下~基础薄弱专用——太阳城考研英语3件套单词书：《非常词汇》用600句子记单词，加深印象更好理解。真题书：《考研真相》（英二考研圣经）基础薄弱专用、一词一句精解。《写作160篇》（英二写作宝中宝）常用作文的各个部分都总结的很全，还有思路及语言突破法则可以学习。张国静团队的网课：今年挺多人推荐的，你可以关注下微信公众号闪过英语，里面有试听~基础好、考名校必用——尖刀侠3件套单词书：闪过英语《考研词汇闪过》按照重要程度划分必考词+基础词+偶考词+超纲词，根据自己的情况，背诵单词。真题书：尖刀侠《考研英语真题倍速快解》一个题型对应一种模板，步骤固定，可以直接套用，帮你节省做题时间，提高解题的正确率。作文书：尖刀侠《考研英语高分作文36法则》用36个高分作文句式突破的方法，突破高分作文。张国静团队网课，推荐量挺高的，用的人挺多的。

课程介绍：本课程主要是针对考研英语（二）阅读六大题型的精讲，内容包括，考研英语阅读六大题型的考试目的，做题方法以及真题演练部分。从英语（二）10年考研英语真题当中精心挑选典型例题，通过典型例题对考研英语六大题型进行深度的剖析和讲解，旨在帮助同学们对英语（二）的阅读理解有正确的认识和理解，在考试中取得高分。课程内容：英语（二）阅读理解主旨题英语（二）阅读理解细节题英语（二）阅读理解态度题英语（二）阅读理解词义题英语（二）阅读理解例证题英语（二）阅读理解推理题适用人群：（1）英语（二）的所用考生（2）尤其适用于四级没过，基础薄弱同学（3）尤其适用于文章读不懂，单词不认识的同学

时间转眼即逝，马上就要迎来2020的研究生初试考试了，想必大家已经做好了奔赴考场准备，最近几天考研校小编也是给大家分享各种有关考试的注意事项。今天，开始一个新的话题，只讲和考研英语相关的一些知识，希望可以帮助大家避开英语做题当中的一些坑，多得几分。考研英语是在下午14:00-17:00进行，时长为3个小时，每部分的做题时间建议如下：小作文15分钟，大作文30分钟，阅读每篇18分钟，4篇不超过80分钟，剩下的三个题型外加涂卡时间是55分钟。由于英一和英二的题型不同，难度较小的题可快速完型，把时间留给难度较大的题型，比如英语二的新题型一般可以快速答出，10分钟足以，余下的时间可以多花在翻译上。一、历年考研英语高频词汇（一）出现次数大于20次1.author(65次) n.①作者;②创始人2.science(56) n.①科学;②学科3.school(40) n.①学校;②(大学里的)学员，系;③学派，流派4.information(39) n.①通知，报告;②情报，信息5.social(38) adj.①社会的;②交际的n.社交活动6.result(35) n.结果，成果，成绩v.①(in)导致，结果是;②(from)起因于7.cost(33) n.成本，费用，代价v.价值为，花费8.business(32) n.①商业，生意;②事务，业务，职责;③企业;④贸易量;⑤行业，业务9.rate(30) n.①比率，率;②等级;③价格，费用v.①估价;②评级，评价10.technology(30) n.工艺，技术11.consume(29) v.消费，耗尽12.economy (29) n.①节约; ②经济13.process (29) n.①过程，进程;②制作法;③工艺v.加工，处理14.system (28) n.①系统，体系;②制度，体制15.view(28) n.①景象，风景;②观点，见解;③观察，观看;④眼界v.看待，观察，考虑16.reason(26) n.①理由，原因;②理性，理智v.①推论，推理;②说服，评理;③讨论，辩论17.tend(24) v.①趋向，往往是;②照料，看护18.moral(23) adj.道德(上)的，道义的n.①寓意，教育意义;②道德19.behavio(u)r(21) n.①行为，举止;②(机器的)特性20.economic(21) adj.经济 (上)的，经济学的21.growth(21) n.生长，增长，发展（二）出现次数14-20次1.concern(20) v.①涉及，关系到;②关心，挂念;③担心，担忧n.①(利害)关系;②关心，挂念;③担心，担忧2.lead (20) v.①领导，引导;②领先，占首位;③(to)通向，导致，引起;④经验，过(生活)n.带领，引导3.theory ( 20) n.①理论， 原理;②学说，见解，看法;③看法，观点4.create(19) v.①创造，创作;②引起，造成，简历5.culture(19) n.①修养，教养;②文化，文明6.indivial(19) adj.①个人的，单独的;②独特的n.个人，个体7.role(19) n.①角色;②作用，任务8.achieve(18) v.①完成， 实现;②达到，达成，获得9.argue(18) v.①争论，辩论;②认为，主张，论证;③说服10.decade(18) n.十年11.experience(18) n.经验，经历v.体验，经历12.infer(18) v.推论，推断13.account(17) n.①账( 目，户) ;②叙述，说明;③价值，地位v.(for)①说明，解释;②占;③(take into)考虑14.available(17) adj.①可用的，可得到的;②可以见到的，随时可来的15.community(17) n.①同一地区的全体居民，社会，社区;②共同体，团体16.involve(17) v.①卷入，陷入，连累;②包含，含有，涉及17.average(16) n.平均(数)adj.①平均的;②普通的，一般的v.平均，均分18.benefit(16) n.利益，好处，恩惠v.①有益于;②(from, by)收益19.dam(16) n.水坝， 水闸20.influence(16) n.①(on)影响，感化;②势力，权势;v.影响，感化21.intellectual(16) n.知识分子22.issue(16) v.①流出，放出;②发行，发表，颁布n.①发行(物)，(报刊)期号;②问题，争论点，争端23.obvious(16) adj. 明显的，显而易见的24.present(16) adj.①出席的，到场的;②现在的n.①现在，目前;②礼物，赠品v.①赠(送)，呈献;②介绍，陈述;③提出，呈交;④上演25.structure(16) n.①结构，构造;②建筑物v.构造，建造26.activity(15) n.①活动;②活性，活力27.competition(15) n.①比赛; ②竞争28.conscious(15) adj.① (of )意识到的，自觉的;②有意识的，神志清醒的29.sence(15) n.①感官，官能;②感觉;③判断力;④见识;⑤意义，意思V.感觉到，意识到30.able(14) adj.有 能力的，能干的，显示出才华的31.decline(14) v/n.①下倾，下降，下垂，衰落;②斜面，倾斜v.拒绝，谢绝32.depend(14) v.(on)取决于， 依靠，信赖，相信33.describe(14) v.描述，形容34.fund(14) n.资金， 基金v.资助，投资35.intend(14) v.想要，打算，企图36.knowledge(14) n.①知识，学识;②知道，了解37.nature(14) n.①自然界，大自然;②性质，本性38.professional(14) adj.职业的，专业的，专门的n.专家，专业人员（三）出现次数13次39.ability n.①能力，智能;②才能，才干40.advantage n.①优点，有利条件;②利益，好处v.有利于，使获利41.advocate n.提倡者，鼓吹者v.提倡，鼓吹42.approach v.靠近，接近，邻近n.①方法，途径;②探讨43.attention n.①注意(力)，留心;②立正44.attitude n.①(to, towards)态度， 看法;②姿势45.consequence n.①结果，后果，影响;②重要性46.emotion n.情绪，情感47.environment n.环境，外界48.evidence n.①根据，证据;②形迹，迹象49.federal adj.联邦的50.inflation n.通货膨胀51.potential a.①潜在的，可能的;②势的，位的n.潜能，潜力52.proct n.①产品，产物;②乘积;③结果，后果53.substance n.①物质，实质;②大意;③财产，财物54.tradition n.传统，惯例二、考研英语阅读解题技巧翻开考研英语的考研试题卷，大家可以发现传统阅读的篇幅占了试题册的一半多。从篇幅我们能推断出传统阅读在考研英语中的“分量”应该很大，事实也如此，传统阅读在考研英语总分100分当中占了40分，即将近一半的分数，鉴于此，同学们可以根据阅读的得分大概推测出自己英语单科的分数，因此江湖也有传言称：得阅读者得天下。而阅读得分依赖于两个因素：阅读的速度与答题的正确率。今天，考研校小编总结了一下如何快速抓取文章有效信息及实用解题技巧，一起来看下吧。（一）如何快速筛选有效信息初读文章时，可以不读的信息为：1.句中破折号后提供的旁支信息;2.有关职务、头衔、社会地位等补充性说明;3.例子、对名人言论的引用的具体内容可以先不读，而考生只读前面的观点或总结句。4.复杂的难句中除了主、谓、宾以外的其他辅助信息(除非与解题有关);在看英语试卷时，需要读的信息为：1.读题干细心审题是一个重要环节，题干中包含解题的关键信息。它们能够帮助考生在浏览文章时迅速选定“精读内容”进行集中消化、整理，同时舍弃与题目无关的信息，排除干扰，从而减少阅读量和时间，提高解题的正确性。2.读选项提纲中要求选项部分的语言难度要低于文章语言的难度，所以读懂选项的语言常常会帮助考生正确理解文章的内容。3.读主题句每个段落都有一个基本点，加在一起烘托出文章的中心思想。各段的基本点常常通过段落主题句表示。主题句的位置是不固定的，可以在开始也可以在结尾，有时也不出现，需要考生自己提炼。主题句与其他句子的区别是它们的概括性更强，比较笼统、抽象。4.读关键词注意文章中出现频率多的词和短语。它们有时是相同的重复，有时以不同的形式出现，但是归根结底都是指同一事物或事情，因些就很可能是本篇短文的中心或关键问题或事物。关键词和词组能够使句与句、段与段之间的关系更加清楚，提供了要点之间的“桥梁”，给读者指明了“路子”，是贯穿全文的线索。考生在浏览文章时抓住、抓准这些关键信息，就可以迅速理解文章的主要内容、缩短解题时间。5.读“路标”词在阅读理解中有部分“虚词”比“实词”更重要，它们就是一些表示作者思路的过渡词、短语或句子，有利于作者思想的衔接和转折。抓住它们，考生就能够对全文的结构一目了然，就不会出现“词都认识，就是不知道全文在讲什么”的情况。它们就是在阅读行进过程中起指示作用的“路标”，随时提醒考生将要读到什么的关键。（二）词义句意题的做题思路和解题技巧词义句意题是一个从微观角度考查文章内容理解情况的题型，从名字我们也能推断出这类题问的是一个具体的单词或者句子的意思。很多同学认为既然是考词义句意，那么将大纲词汇全部熟记就能顺利解题了。其实这是一个方向性的错误，这个题型目的是考查考生根据上下文推断生词或句子意思的能力，所以考的很多都是超纲词，记忆词汇固然重要，但是英文的词汇数十万个，背完所有的单词不现实也没有必要，那么在这种情况下，我们就需要学习一些猜词义或者猜句意方法。在历年的考研试题里边，考查词义的题目远比考查句意的题目多，所以接下来我们就先给大家介绍一种常用的猜词方法：通过并列的逻辑关系猜词。并列是指上下文表达意思相同或相似的逻辑关系，常见的提示上下文是并列关系的连接词有and, as well as, not only... but also...等等，只要见到这些逻辑关系词我们就可以知道这些词衔接的上下文在语义上是一个相同或相似的关系，并依此去解题。如下题：But particularly when we viewed against America’s turbulent past, today’s social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment. 这里问的是deteriorating的意思。我们发现deteriorating通过并列连词and与dark连接，因此我们可以推断deteriorating表达的是和dark（黑暗）一样的偏消极倾向的意思，实际也如此，deteriorating的意思是“恶化的”。并列还有一种特别的表述方式：形如A=not B的反义关系。如，Good（好的）=not Bad（坏的），即“好的=不是坏的”。从上面这个简单通俗的例子我们可以知道A与B的意思相反，通过这个微妙的关系我们就可以借已知的A的意思推断出B的意思。如下题：All these are beneficial, not detrimental, to their consumers.这里问的是detrimental的意思。通过A=not B这一特殊的并列关系，我们知道detrimental的意思是与beneficial的意思是相反的，beneficial这个词相信绝大多数考生在考前都背过，即“有益的”，那么detrimental的意思即是“有益的”反义词——“有害的”。（三）阅读理解解题技巧1、例证题：①例证题的标记。当题干中出现example, case, illustrate, illustration, exemplify时。②返回原文，找出该例证所在的位置，既给该例子定位。③搜索该例证周围的区域，90%向上，10%向下，找出该例证支持的观点。例子周围具有概括抽象性的表达通常就是它的论点。注意：举例的目的是为了支持论点或是为了说明主题句。举例后马上问这个例子说明了什么问题?不能用例子中的话来回答这个问题。④找出该论点，并与四个选项比较，得出选项中与该论点最一致的答案。⑤例证题错误答案设计的干扰特征经常是：就事论事。即用例子中的某一内容拉出来让你去选。(╳)要求：在阅读中，遇到长的例子，立即给这个例子定位，即找出起始点，从哪开始到哪结束。2、指代题：①返回原文，找出出题的指代词。②向上搜索，找最近的名词、名词性短语或句子(先从最近点开始找，找不到再找次近的，一般答案不会离得太远)。③将找到的词、词组或句子的意思代入替换该指代词，看其意思是否通顺。④将找到的词、词组或句子与四个选项进行比较，找出最佳答案。3、词汇题：“搜索代入”法①返回原文，找出该词汇出现的地方。②确定该词汇的词性③从上下文(词汇的前后几句)中找到与所给词汇具有相同词性的词(如一下子找不到就再往上往下找)，代入所给词汇在文章中的位置(将之替换)看语义是否合适④找出选项中与代替词意思相同或相近的选相，即答案注意：a.如果该词汇是简单词汇，则其字面意思然不是正确答案。b.考研阅读不是考察字认识不认识，而是考察是否能根据上下文作出正确的判断。c.词汇题的正确答案经常蕴藏在原文该词汇出现的附近。注意不能靠单词词义直接往下推。d.寻找时要注意同位语、特殊标点(比如分号，分号前后两句话的逻辑关系不是形式上的并列就是语义上的并列，也就是两句话的意思相同，所以可用其中一句话的意思来推测 另一句话的意思从而推出所给词汇含义)、定语从句、前后缀，特别要注意寻找时的同性原则。比如：让猜一个名词词组(动词词组)的意思，我们就向上向下搜索名词词组(动词词组)。隐蔽型词汇题：题干与原文的某句完全重合，只有一两个词被替换掉。隐蔽型词汇题的做法跟词汇题的做法几乎一样，往上往下找。4、句子理解题：①返回原文找到原句。②对原句进行语法和词义的精确分析(找主干)，应该重点抓原句的字面含义。若该句的字面含义不能确定，则依据上下文进行判断。注意：局部含义是由整体决定的。③一般来说，选项中的正确答案与原句意思完全相同，只不过用其他英语词汇换种表达而已。④句子理解题的错误选项干扰项特征：推得过远。做题时应把握住推的度。思路：对句子微观分析? 不行就依据上下文? 选择时不要推得过远。5、推理题：“最近原则”①标志：learn, infer, imply, inform②看是否可以通过题干返回原文或依据选项返回原文。一般要围绕文中的一两个重点进行推理。推理题无论通过题干能不能定位，我们都要把它固化到文章的一两点上。③依据原文的意思进行三错一对的判断。先不要进行推理，若有一个选项跟原文的意思一模一样，则该选项然是正确答案。推理题不是考察我们的想象力，它实际是考察我们原文中的某几个点如一个、两个点所涉及的问题我们读透了没有。因此，不推的比推的好推的近的比推的远的要好。④推理题的最近答案原则：不推的要比推的好，推的近的要比推的远的好，直接推出的要比间接推的好。(原文的某句话变个说法)注意：做题时不能想得太多，推得过远。是否把原文读懂才是关键。6、主旨题：“串线摘帽”即在自然段少的时候串串线，串线法解不出来时，大帽子、小帽子摘一下。①主旨题的标志：mainly about, mainly discuss, the best title②串线法：抓首段和其余各段的第一句话，把其意思连接成一个整体。要注意总结性的提示词和转折词，特别要注意中心句。(主要针对自然段少的文章针对自然段多的文章，主旨题好联系中心句。找一个和中心句最贴近的)③小心首段陷阱。④主旨题错误选项的干扰特征经常是：⑴局部信息，即选项的内容小于文章的内容⑵范围过宽，即选项的内容大于文章的内容。⑤逆向思维法、快速作文法：在两个选项看上去都十分正确无法选择时，试着从选项出发，想象一下如果自己以此选项来写文章会有那些内容，然后把它与文章的内容比较，接近的即为正确选项。7、作者态度题：①标志：attitude②应精确理解四个选项的含义。③不要掺杂自己的观点。④可以寻找文中一些具有感情色彩的词。如：fortunately, excessively, too many.⑤举例的方式。⑥抓论述的主线。把第一段读透，把其他各段的段首段尾句拉出来，看整个文章的谋篇结构。⑦做作者态度题时特别注意：首先看清楚是谁对谁的态度。8、判断题：①看可否通过四个选项具体化到文中一点或者根据自然段原则定位。②每个选项都应返回原文，不能凭主观印象进行判断。③要重点抓是“三错一对”还是“三对一错”的关系(做题是要看清题目)。9、细节题：看完题目回到原文，重叠原文，得出答案10、重点题型中的几个问题：①词汇题：字面意思不是答案，要根据上下文推测其深刻含义②句子理解题：一般不要求推理，只看句子本身。③推理题：答案很大程度上是原文的重现，不一定非要经过逻辑推理从原文中得出。11、正确答案的特征：①正确答案经常与中心思想有关。②正确答案的位置，最常见的三个位置是：段首段尾处、转折处、因果处。③正确答案经常运用的原则是：同义替换、正话反说、反话正说。④从语气角度来看，正确答案中经常含有不肯定的语气词和委婉表达的用词。如：can, may, might, possible, not necessarily, some.⑤正确答案经常具有概括性、深刻性，不能只见树木不见森林。12、错误答案的特征：第一大层次：①无中生有(未提及的概念)②正反混淆(选项的意思跟原文的意思正好相反)③所答非所问(虽然选项的说法没有问题，符合原文，但和题干搭不上边)第二大层次：①过分绝对②扩大范围(注意隐蔽型的扩大范围mostly)③因果倒置④常识判断⑤推得过远⑥偏离中心⑦变换词性。常识判断：如果一个选项仅仅符合常识，不一定是正确答案，还要看文章中类似的意思有没有出现。如果一个选项不符合常识，一定不是正答案。能够不由自主地按照正确的思路解题了，才表明我们正确掌握了这些技巧。三、考研英语二完形填空技巧英语二完形填空主要考察的还是逻辑关系和语义理解。在做题时不能只停留在单纯的词汇和语法层面，而是要放眼整篇的内容，把握上下文之间的联系。# 逻辑关系先清楚文章前后文的逻辑关系，再在相应的逻辑词中选出答案；或者根据文章中出现的逻辑词，确定空白处的答案。常见的逻辑关系词有——表示转折/让步关系1、but 但是，然而2、however 然而3、nevertheless 然而，不过4、whereas 然而；鉴于；反之5、although 尽管；虽然；但是；然而6、despite 尽管，不管7、in spite of 尽管；不管，不顾8、still 仍然；但是；尽管如此表示比较或对比关系1、similarly 同样地；类似于2、in the same way 同样地；以同样的方式3、likewise 同样地；也4、in contrast to/with 相比之下；与……形成对照5、rather than 而不是；宁可…也不愿表示因果关系1、because 因为2、since 因为，由于；自……以后3、now that 既然；由于4、on account of 由于；因为5、e to 由于6、on the ground of 因为；以……为理由7、accordingly 因此，于是；相应地；照著8、consequently 因此；结果；所以9、therefore 因此，所以10、thus 因此11、hence 因此；今后表示并列关系1、and 和；而且2、or 或者；还是表示举例与例证关系1、for example 例如2、for instance 例如3、specially 特意；专门4、such as 比如5、as follows 如下所述表示强调关系1、in fact 事实上，实际上2、in particular 尤其，特别3、particularly 特别地，特别是4、above all 首先，尤其是5、undoubtedly 确实地，毋庸置疑的6、certainly 确实，无疑地表示顺承关系1、in addition 另外，此外2、furthermore 此外，而且3、besides 此外，而且4、likewise 同样地，也# 语义理解完型填空的短文是一个意义完整、上下关联的语篇，它所讨论的是同一主题。所以寻找答案时，在上下文寻找线索非常重要。精读首段文章首段往往含有整篇内容的主题句、观点句。所以考生应尽量读懂，根据它来预测文章的中心内容，把握文章的中心思想。注意例子文中出现例子，一般是作者先提出某个观点，然后用例子进行佐证或反驳；或者先举一个例子，再提出观点。如果出的题目在例句中，应快速查找上下文的观点句。语义复现有时某一个空格所对应的答案，可能就是在上下文中复现的相关词，如答案的原词、指代词、同义词、近义词、反义词、概括词等，就出现在语篇中。# 应试技巧如果实在不知道怎么做完形填空题，就只能总结一些应试技巧了，这是下下之选。答案分布每篇完形填空中A、B、C、D作为正确选项的个数各在4—6个之间。全选一样的答案的话，得分会在2-3分之间。相邻的答案中，绝大多数都是不一样的选项。如果以每5个题目为一组的话，一组当中至少会出现3个不一样的选项。必选词与不选词在生僻词与简单词中，选择简单词。however、because、while、when; whether、how、since、but是曾出现过的答案选项；nowthat、what、if only、incase、lest、or else这些选项出现过多次，却从来不是正确答案。同义原则在四个选项中，有两个或三个实词（动、名、形、副）互为同义词时，答案往往在其中；有两个或三个虚词（介、连、感叹）互为同义词时，答案往往都不选；当四个选项有一个共同意义时，该意义往往不能入选，要看选项的特殊含义。四、考研作文写作技巧考研江湖流传一句话：得阅读者得天下，失作文者失江山。考研写作所有的技巧面对“考场时间”这把杀猪刀，会显得尤其苍白无力，考场上争分夺秒，往往提前准备好的模板才是你最后的“杀手锏”。所有想要逆天而为，试图挑战自我，临场发挥的同学，都很有可能倒在语法、词汇、结构等等方面。也就是说 ，在考场上，你写的每一句话一定是提前准备的。说起模板，大家一定会想到，在考研阅卷现场会出现反模板的倾向。但这个反模板，并不是反对所有模板，而是反对那些千篇一律的模板。不要千篇一律？那最好的办法，就是有属于自己的模板。如何创造自己的模板？请看：（一）首段首段 “骨肉相连”描图三步走1. 骨架+小肉（整体描图）2. 多汁大肉（详细描图）3. 翻译中文/万能句型注意事项：小肉为整体描图，切记不要描述细节；多汁大肉为细节描述，灵活使用从句、分词以及修饰词让描图丰满；万能句型属于无奈之举，根据前两句的字数来确定是否使用。例如: 2003年作文：温室花朵经不起风雨1. 骨架+小肉：Depicted in these two cartoons above is a flower showing different states in two entirely distinct conditions.写作要点此句开篇，结构至关重要，此处用倒装句描图，Depicted in these two cartoons above is+图片核心元素+分词短语修饰。2. 多汁大肉：As is shown in the first picture, the flower, placed in a comfortable greenhouse which shelters it from the threatening storm, is in full bloom. On the contrary, when exposed to the heavy rain, the flower soon fades and withers, with petals falling on the ground.写作要点As is shown in the first picture在所有的模板书均可找到，因此千万不要放在第一句，但是如此漂亮的As引导的定语从句不用岂不可惜，因此调整顺序，放在第二句即可，显示出你支配语言的能力。2003年为两幅图（今年的重点复习方向），因此要注意两幅图之间的对比关系，用on the contrary强调句间关系。其中分词作状语、定语从句、独立主格皆可以用于其他文章，举一反三。（二）中间段多准备一些万能模板句，做到以不变应万变，考场上只需要替换某一些主题词汇就可以拿分，记住：考研英语写作不怕假大空，就怕犯低级错误，以个人品质为例，下面的模板就属于放之四海皆准。1. 提出中心：The implication of this cartoon can be summarized as a philosophic topic in daily life: XXX is the first step towards success.2. 解释说明：In other words, facing with delicate options, we had better march forward rather than hesitate. Indeed, if we are bewildered with the choices, opportunities may escape our attention.3. 举例论证：For some people, their fear to lose is greater than their desire to succeed, so they end up doing nothing and their dreams become impossible.4. 正反论证：On the contrary, at any given moment, we have the power to say this is not how the story is going to end. Our braveness, perseverance, and decisiveness may earn us chances to solve current adversities, leading us out of the shadow.5. 总结中心：Clearly, the cartoonist, through this unique metaphor, encourages us to choose the latter.（三）结尾段确保高大上，准备两类结尾：积极正向+消极负向积极正向：Evidently, there are reasons to believe that主题词 can proce positive effects on economic growth and local government should be encouraged to promote international tourism.消极负向：Evidently, there are reasons to believe that 主题词can proce negative effects on economic growth and local government should be encouraged to avoid such phenomenon.越临近考试，大家记得越要放平心态。因为每个人的复习状态都不一样，大家不要受别人的复习状态影响，按照自己的节奏按部就班复习即可。到了这个阶段，大家没必要因为一套题做得不理想而郁郁寡欢。要知道，当下最重要的工作就是查漏补缺，分析为什么错，然后予以改正。

考研是人生中的一个重要转折点，英语的重要性不言而喻。但是对于英语的复习很多同学都很头疼，今天启航考研朱老师就给大家具体分析一下英语各个题型的答题技巧。一起来看看吧！1、完形填空这个题型主要考察的是逻辑关系和词义辨析，以词汇为主。在复习的时候，要以真题为主，每套卷子都要仔细整理里面不认识的词汇。做完五六套的试题之后，你就会发现一个规律，一些单词每年的试卷上都会有。所以在做完10年的真题之后，把整理的单词进行梳理背诵和辨析区别，读懂句子，完形填空这个题型就差不多了。2、阅读理解阅读在英语考研中的重要性想必大家都知道，所占的比重非常高。想要阅读得高分，需要具备以下能力：读懂长难句、看懂关键词意、理清逻辑关系和题型分析的能力。在平常练习做题的时候，要注意文章中转折关系的词，这些词往往会是逻辑思路转折的地方。找到文章中的主题论点和作者的态度观点，理清题目中的中的问题，找准答案所在的句子定位，是作对题目的关键。对于阅读这个题型平常还要多看一些外网的文章，像The guardian、The Economic、The Atlantic等一些外刊读物，因为很多的考研阅读文章都是从这些读物中节选的。3、翻译翻译考察的是对文章信息中词和句子的理解，以及句子之间的逻辑结构的划分。翻译主要是按点给分，每句话有四个知识点，每个0.5分。知识点都写对且句子通顺就会给满分，如果句子不通顺就会扣除0.5分。翻译本质上考察的是单词和长难句，对于翻译的复习最好是每天练习一个长难句，掌握句子的翻译，最后还要定期复习。无论是英语一还是英语二都可以用英语一的知识来复习。因为英语一的难度大，会了英语一，英语二也不会有太大问题。4、写作写作是英语的第二大得分点，作文在平常也要注意练习，不要到考试前才开始复习。作文的写作可以分段练习，要注意语言的连贯性，逻辑清晰结构合理。还要注意词汇句式的多变，适当运用长难句，要避免语法的错误。对于作文要多看多背，然后自己总结仿写，仿写的时候要注意时间的把握，在规定时间内完成。