戒断期
考研英语分割结构全解插入语是英语的常见现象。插入语的特点和功能可以概括为:在形式上,与句子其它部分由逗号、括号或破折号隔开;在结构上可有可无,不影响句子的整体结构;在意义上,对句子表达起到及时补充的作用。插入结构一般用逗号与句子其他部分隔开,往往位于主谓之间、并列结构之间或是主从句之间。由于插入语在结构上可有可无,所以要先理解插入语两端的内容,再理解插入语。因此,对于插入语,我们的处理方法是:“先读两端,再读中间”。翻译成汉语时,有些插入语,可保持原文中的顺序。然而,在许多情况下心理学考研,需要对英语原文句子的顺序进行必要的调整,使译文符合汉语习惯。【真题例句1】Britain almost more than any other country in the world must seriously face the problem of building upwards, that is to say, of accommodating a considerable proportion of its population in high blocks of flats. 【解析】全句共有2个谓语动词:must face和is,其中主句谓语动词为must face。主干为:Britain … must face the problem …;almost more than any other country in the world作为Britain的后置定语。两个of介词短语都修饰the problem。that is to say是插入语,意为“也就是说”,将两个并列的of介词短语分隔开来。本句是一个简单句。【参考译文】英国几乎比世界上任何国家都更加需要严肃对待向高空建筑房屋的问题,也就是说,要在很高的公寓楼里面容纳下人口总数的一大部分的问题。然而在考研翻译中还会出现成分分割的情况,即:语法关系密切的两个句子成分被其他句子成分分隔的现象称为成分隔离现象。因为英语的分割应遵循尾重原则(应把长而复杂的成分放在句末,使结构匀称)和句尾信息焦点原则(把新信息,即语意重点放在句末)。常见的成分隔离有:动词和宾语被分隔,名词和同位语被分隔,名词和定语被分隔等等。【真题例句2】On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning.【解析】本句是主从复合句。句子主干:he did not accept as well founded the charge,其正常语序是:he did not accept the charge as well founded,宾语the charge放在宾语补足语as well founded后面是因为,the charge后面有两个修饰成分,一个是过去分海文考研词结构made by sb.,一个是同位语从句that...,使得宾语较长,为保持句子平衡而后置。同位语从句中嵌套了while引导的状语从句。【参考译文】另一方面,某些人批评他虽然善于观察,却不具备推理能力,而他认为这种说法也是缺乏依据的。【真题例句3】The second aspect is the application by all members of society, from the government official to the ordinary citizen, of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in the work. 【解析】这是一个很典型的成分隔离。主干结构是:The second aspect is the application … of the special methods of thought and action,application和修饰它的介词短语被一个长长的by短语隔离。【参考译文】第二个方面是,社会上的一切成员,从政府部门中任工职旅游管理考研的官员到普通公民,都应运用科学家们在研究工作中所采用的专门的思维方法和工作方法。