2017年考研专业课《农学联考化学》试题及答案

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Scientistshaveknownsince1952thatDNAisthebasicstuffofheredity.They'veknownitschemicalstructuresince1953.TheyknowthathumanDNAactslikeabiologicalcomputerprogramsome3billionbitslongthatspellsouttheinstructionsformakingproteins，thebasicbuildingblocksoflife.Buteverythingthegeneticengineershaveaccomplishedringthepasthalf-centuryisjustapreambletotheworkthatCollinsandAndersonandlegionsofcolleaguesaredoingnow.CollinsleadstheHumanGenomeProject，a15-yearefforttodrawthefirstdetailedmapofeverynookandcrannyandgeneinhumanDNA.Anderson，whopioneeredthefirstsuccessfulhumangene-therapyoperations，isleadingthecampaigntoputinformationaboutDNAtouseasquicklyaspossibleinthetreatmentandpreventionofhumandiseases.Whattheyandotherresearchersareplottingisnothinglessthanabiomedicalrevolution.LikeSiliconValleypiratesreverse-engineeringacomputerchiptostealacompetitor'ssecrets，geneticengineersaredecodinglife'smolecularsecretsandtryingtousethatknowledgetoreversethenaturalcourseofdisease.DNAintheirhandshasbecomebothablueprintandadrug，apharmacologicalsubstanceofextraordinarypotencythatcantreatnotjustsymptomsorthediseasesthatcausethembutalsotheimperfectionsinDNAthatmakepeoplesusceptibletoadisease.Andthat'sjustthebeginning.Forallthefeveredworkbeingdone，however，scienceisstillfarawayfromtheBraveNewWorldvisionofengineeringaperfecthuman—orevenaperfecttomato.Muchmoreresearchisneededbeforegenetherapybecomescommonplace，andmanydiseaseswilltakedecadestoconquer，iftheycanbeconqueredatall.Intheshortrun，themostpracticalwaytousethenewtechnologywillbeingeneticscreening.DoctorswillbeabletodetectallsortsofflawsinDNAlongbeforetheycanbefixed.Insomecasestheknowledgemayleadtotreatmentsthatdelaytheonsetofthediseaseorsoftenitseffects.Someonewithageneticpredispositiontoheartdisease，forexample，couldfollowalow-fatdiet.Andifscientistsdeterminethatavitalproteinismissingbecausethegenethatwassupposedtomakeitisdefective，theymightbeabletogivethepatientanartificialversionoftheprotein.Butinotherinstances，almostnothingcanbedonetostoptheravagesbroughtonbygeneticmutations.(409words)1.ItcanbeinferredfromthetextthatCollinsandAndersonandlegionsofcolleagues_____.[A]knowthathumanDNAactslikeabiologicalcomputerprogram[B]havefoundthebasicbuildingblocksoflife[C]haveaccomplishedsomegeneticdiscoveryringthepasthalf-century[D]aremakingabreakthroughinDNA2.CollinsandAndersonarecitedinthetexttoindicateallthefollowingEXCEPTthat______.[A]time-consumingeffortisneededtoaccomplishthedetailedmapofinhumanDNA[B]humangene-therapyoperationsmaybeappliedtothepatients[C]gene-therapynowisalreadygenerallyusedtothetreatmentandpreventionofhumandiseases[D]informationaboutDNAmaybeusedinthetreatmentandpreventionofhumandiseases3.Theword“pirate”(line2，paragraph3)means______.[A]onewhorobsatseaorplundersthelandfromthesea[B]onewhomakesuseoforreprocestheworkofanotherwithoutauthorization[C]totake(something)bypiracy[D]tomakeuseoforreproce(another'swork)withoutauthorization4.Wecandrawaconclusionfromthetextthat_____.[A]engineeringaperfecthumanisnotfeasibleforthetimebeing[B]it‘simpossibleforscientiststoengineeraperfecttomato[C]manydiseaseswillneverbeconqueredbyhumanbeings[D]doctorswillbeabletocureallsortsofflawsinDNAinthelongrun5.Thebesttitleforthetextmaybe______.[A]DNAandHeredity[B]TheGeneticRevolution[C]ABiomedicalRevolution[D]HowtoApplyGeneticTechnology参考答案：DCBAB