2017考研《英语(一)》冲刺模拟试题及答案解析(一)

相关推荐：>>>2017年全国硕士研究生报名指导专题>>>2017年考研报名时间、考研报名入口专题>>>全国各地2017年考研报考点汇总>>>2017年考研时间、研究生考试时间安排>>>2017年考研大纲下载及解析汇总>>>2017年全国硕士研究生招生简章专题新东方网校推荐：2017年考研政治、英语、数学课程！！点击进入免费试听>>SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)ManyforeignerswhohavenotvisitedBritaincallalltheinhabitantsEnglish,fortheyareusedtothinkingoftheBritishIslesasEngland.1,theBritishIslescontainavarietyofpeoples,andonlythepeopleofEnglandcallthemselvesEnglish.Theothers2tothemselvesasWelsh,Scottish,orIrish,3thecasemaybe;theyareoftenslightlyannoyed4beingclassifiedas“English”.EveninEnglandtherearemany5inregionalcharacterandspeech.Thechief6isbetweensouthernEnglandandnorthernEngland.Southofa7goingfromBristoltoLondon,peoplespeakthetypeofEnglishusuallylearntbyforeignstudents,8therearelocalvariations.Furthernorthregionalspeechisusually“9”thanthatofsouthernBritain.Northernersare10toclaimthattheyworkharderthanSoutherners,andaremore11.Theyareopen-heartedandhospitable;foreignersoftenfindthattheymakefriendswiththem12.Northernersgenerallyhavehearty13:thevisitortoLancashireorYorkshire,forinstance,maylookforwardtoreceivinggenerous14atmealtimes.InaccentandcharacterthepeopleoftheMidlands15agraalchangefromthesoutherntothenortherntypeofEnglishman.InScotlandthesound16bytheletter“R”isgenerallyastrongsound,and“R”isoftenpronouncedinwordsinwhichitwouldbe17insouthernEnglish.TheScotsaresaidtobeaserious,cautious,thriftypeople,18inventiveandsomewhatmystical.AlltheCelticpeoplesofBritain(theWelsh,theIrish,theScots)arefrequently19asbeingmore“fiery”thantheEnglish.Theyare20aracethatisquitedistinctfromtheEnglish.(289words)Notes:fiery暴躁的，易怒的。1.[A]Inconsequence[B]Inbrief[C]Ingeneral[D]Infact2.[A]confine[B]attach[C]refer[D]add3.[A]as[B]which[C]for[D]so4.[A]with[B]by[C]at[D]for5.[A]similarities[B]differences[C]certainties[D]features6.[A]factor[B]virtue[C]privilege[D]division7.[A]line[B]row[C]border[D]scale8.[A]who[B]when[C]though[D]for9.[A]wider[B]broader[C]rarer[D]scarcer10.[A]used[B]apt[C]possible[D]probable11.[A]perfect[B]notorious[C]superior[D]thorough12.[A]swiftly[B]promptly[C]immediately[D]quickly13.[A]appetites[B]tastes[C]interests[D]senses14.[A]helpings[B]offerings[C]fillings[D]findings15.[A]designate[B]demonstrate[C]represent[D]reckon16.[A]delivered[B]denoted[C]depicted[D]defined17.[A]quiet[B]obscure[C]faint[D]silent18.[A]rather[B]still[C]somehow[D]even19.[A]rendered[B]thought[C]impressed[D]described20.[A]with[B]of[C]among[D]againstSectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1Wehaveknownforalongtimethattheorganizationofanyparticularsocietyisinfluencedbythedefinitionofthesexesandthedistinctiondrawnbetweenthem.Butwehaverealizedonlyrecentlythattheidentityofeachsexisnotsoeasytopindown,andthatdefinitionsevolveinaccordancewithdifferenttypesofcultureknowntous,thatis,scientificdiscoveriesandideologicalrevolutions.Ournatureisnotconsideredasimmutable,eithersociallyorbiologically.Asweapproachthebeginningofthe21stcentury,thesubstantialprogressmadeinbiologyandgeneticsisradicallychallengingtheroles,responsibilitiesandspecificcharacteristicsattributedtoeachsex,andyet,scarcelytwentyyearsago,thesewerethoughttobe“beyonddispute”.Wecansafelysay,withafewminorexceptions,thatthedefinitionofthesexesandtheirrespectivefunctionsremainedunchangedintheWestfromthebeginningofthe19thcenturytothe1960s.Theroledistinction,raisedinsomecasestothestatusofuncompromisingalismonastronglyhierarchicalmodel,lastedthroughoutthisperiod,appealingforitsjustificationtonature,religionandcustomsallegedtohaveexistedsincethedawnoftime.Thewomanborechildrenandtookcareofthehome.Themansetouttoconquertheworldandwasresponsibleforthesurvivalofhisfamily,bysatisfyingtheirneedsinpeacetimeandgoingtowarwhennecessary.Theentireworldorderrestedonthedivergenceofthesexes.Anyoverlappingorconfusionbetweentheroleswasseenasathreattothetime-honoredorderofthings.Itwasfelttobeagainstnature,adeviationfromthenorm.Sexrolesweredeterminedaccordingtothe“place”appropriatetoeach.Women'splacewas,firstandforemost,inthehome.Theoutsideworld,i.e.workshops,factoriesandbusinessfirms,belongedtomen.Thissex-baseddivisionoftheworld(privateandpublic)gaverisetoastrictdichotomybetweentheattitudes,whichconferredoneachitsspecialidentity.Thewoman,sequesteredathome,“cared,nurturedandconserved”.Todothis,shehadnoneedtobedaring,ambitious,toughorcompetitive.Theman,ontheotherhand,competingwithhisfellowmen,wascaughtupeverydayinthestruggleforsurvival,andhencedevelopedthosecharacteristicswhichwerethoughtnaturalinaman.Today,manywomengoouttowork,andtheirreasonsfordoingsohavechangedconsiderably.Besidesthetraditionalfinancialincentives,wefindambitionandpersonalfulfillmentmotivatingthoseinthemostfavorablecircumstances,andthewishtohaveasociallifeandtogetoutoftheirdomesticisolationinfluencingothers.Aboveall,forallwomen,workisinvariablyconnectedwiththedesireforindependence.(454words)Notes:pindown把…讲明确;确定。immutable不可改变的。alism双重论。divergence分歧，偏离。overlapping部分巧合、一致。time-honored由来已久的。dichotomy一分为二，对立。sequester使隔离。becaughtupin被缠住于，如：Heiscaughtupinthetrivia(琐事)ofeverydaythings.unly过度地，不恰当地。21.Itisonlyinrecentyearsthatwehaverecognizedthat[A]thereisalmostnocluetotheidentityofbothsexes.[B]theroledistinctionbetweendifferentsexesisconspicuous.[C]thedifferentdefinitionsofsexesbearsonthedevelopmentofculture.[D]theprogressofcivilizationgreatlyinfluencestheroledefinitionsofsexes.22.Fromparagraph1wecaninferthatitisnowpossibleforwomentoembarkonacareerbecause[A]thechangeinsexrolesisoutofthequestion.[B]women'slibhasbeengoingonformanyyears.[C]ideasabouttherolesofwomenhavebeenchanging.[D]theexpansionofsciencesscarcelyremoldsthewomen'sroles.23.TheauthorbelievesthatsexdiscriminationintheWestbeforethe1960swas[A]preferable.[B]prevalent.[C]presumable.[D]precedent.24.Accordingtothefourthparagraph,theauthorseemstothinkthat[A]femalepassivityisnatural.[B]menandwomenarephysicallyidentical.[C]menareborncompetitiveandaggressive.[D]somedifferentsexidentityisacquired.25.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingisthemostimportantreasonforwomentogotowork?[A]Wishtoclaimtheirrightsandfreedom.[B]Ambitionandself-fulfillment.[C]Financialincentives.[D]Desireforasociallife.Text2ThedomesticeconomyintheUnitedStatesexpandedinaremarkablyvigorousandsteadyfashion.Therevivalinconsumerconfidencewasreflectedinthehigherproportionofincomesspentforgoodsandservicesandthemarkedincreaseinconsumerwillingnesstotakeoninstallmentdebt.Aparallelstrengtheninginbusinesspsychologywasmanifestedinastepped-uprateofplantandequipmentspendingandagraalpickupinexpensesforinventory.Confidenceintheeconomywasalsoreflectedinthestrengthofthestockmarketandinthestabilityofthebondmarket.Fortheyearasawhole,consumerandbusinesssentimentbenefitedfromtheeaseinEast-Westtensions.Thebasesofthebusinessexpansionweretobefoundmainlyinthestimulativemonetaryandfiscalpoliciesthathadbeenpursued.Moreover,therestorationofsounderliquiditypositionsandtightermanagementcontrolofproctionefficiencyhadalsohelpedlaythegroundworkforastrongexpansion.Inaddition,theeconomicpolicymovesmadebythePresidenthadservedtorenewoptimismonthebusinessoutlookwhileboostinghopesthatinflationwouldbebroughtundermoreeffectivecontrol.Finally,ofcourse,theeconomywasabletogrowasvigorouslyasitdidbecausesufficientleewayexistedintermsofidlemenandmachines.TheUnitedStatesbalanceofpaymentsdeficitdeclinedsharply.Nevertheless,byanyothertest,thedeficitremainedverylarge,andtherewasactuallyasubstantialdeteriorationinourtradeaccounttoasizabledeficit,almosttwo-thirdsofwhichwaswithJapan.Whiletheoveralltradeperformanceproveddisappointing,therearestillgoodreasonsforexpectingthedelayedimpactofdevaluationtoproceintimeasignificantstrengtheninginourtradepicture.GiventhesizeoftheJapanesecomponentofourtradedeficit,however,theoutcomewilldependimportantlyontheextentofthecorrectivemeasuresundertakenbyJapan.AlsoimportantwillbeourowneffortsintheUnitedStatestofashioninternalpoliciesconsistentwithanimprovementinourexternalbalance.Theunderlyingtaskofpublicpolicyfortheyearahead—andindeedforthelongerrun—remainedafamiliarone:tostriketherightbalancebetweenencouraginghealthyeconomicgrowthandavoidinginflationarypressures.Withtheeconomyshowingsustainedandvigorousgrowth,andwiththecurrencycrisishighlightingtheneedtoimproveourcompetitivepostureinternationally,theemphasisseemedtobeshiftingtotheproblemofinflation.ThePhaseThreeprogramofwageandpricerestraintcancontributetorecinginflation.Unlessproctivitygrowthisunexpectedlylarge,however,theexpansionofrealoutputmusteventuallybegintoslowdowntotheeconomy'slargerrungrowthpotentialifgeneralizeddemandpressuresonpricesaretobeavoided.(449words)Notes:inventory存货。East-Westtensions东西方紧张局势。fiscal(与国库的钱有关的)财务的(常指税收)。liquidity周转率，清偿力。leeway余地。given鉴于，由于。thePhaseThreeprogram第三阶段计划。26.Theauthormentionsincreasedinstallmentdebtinthefirstparagraphinordertoshow[A]thecontinuingexpansionoftheeconomy.[B]thegrowthofconsumerpurchasingpower.[C]theconsumers'confidenceintheeconomy.[D]thesoaringconsumerincomesforspending.27.Paragraph2mainlydealswith[A]therevivalofstrongerliquiditypositions.[B]thestimulativemonetaryandfiscalpolicies.[C]thecausesofbusinessdevelopmentfortheperiod.[D]economicpolicymeasuressuggestedbythePresident.28.Itcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraphthattheauthor'sattitudetowardtherectionoftheinternationalpaymentsdeficitseems[A]bitter-sweet.[B]optimistic.[C]sympathetic[D]depressing.29.Partofthepublicpolicytask,asoutlinedinthetext,isto[A]preventpaymentsdeficit.[B]avoidinflationarypressures.[C]devaluethedollar.[D]increasethebalanceoftrade.30.ItcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraphthatthePhaseThreeprogramcontained[A]recedgovernmentspending.[B]devaluationofthedollar.[C]proctivitymeasures.[D]wageandpricecontrols.Text3Shoppinghasalwaysbeensomethingofanimpulseactivity,inwhichobjectsthatcatchourfancywhilestrollingareimmediatelyboughtonawhim.Advertisersandsellershavetakenadvantageofthisfact,carefullypositioninginexpensivebutattractiveitemsonpathsthatwearemostlikelytocross,hopingthatourhumannaturewillleadtoagreaterprofitforthem.WiththedawnoftheInternetanditsexplodinguseacrosstheworld,thesametacticsapply.Advertisersnowplace“banners”,linkstocommercialwebsitesdecoratedwithattractivepicturesdesignedtocatchoureyeswhilebrowsingthewebs,onkeywebsiteswithheavytraffic.Theypaytopdollarfortheright,thuscreatingprofitsforthehostingwebsiteaswell.Theseactionsareperformedinthehopesthatringthecourseofourcasualandleisurelywebsurfing,we'llclickonthatbannerthatsparksourinterestandthus,intheory,buytheproctsadvertised.Initialresultshavebeenpositive.Websitesreportahugeinflowofcash,bothfromtheadvertiserswhotemptcustomersinwiththebannersandthehostingwebsites,whicharepaidforallowingthebannerstobeputinplace.AstrustandconfidenceinInternetbuyingincreasesandinformationsecurityisheightenedwithnewtechnology,thevolumeofbuyingisincreasing,leadingtoevengreaterprofits.Thecurrentsituation,however,isnotquiteasoptimistic.Justasmagazinereaderstendtounconsciouslyignoreadvertisementsintheirfavoriteperiodicals,webbrowsersarebeginningtoallowbannerstosliptheirnoticeaswell.Internetusersrespondtothefloodofbannersbyviewingthemasannoyances,anegativeimagethatishurtingsales,sinceusersarenowlessreluctanttoclickonthosebanners,preferringnottosupportthesystemthatputstheminplace.IfInternetadvertisingistocontinuetobeaviableandprofitablebusinesspractice,newmethodswillneedtobeconsideredtoreinvigoratetheinstry.Withtherecentdepressioninthetechnologysectorandslowingeconomy,evennewpracticesmaynotdothetrick.AsconsumersaresavingmoreandfrequentingtraditionalrealestatebusinessesovertheirInternetcounterparts,thefateofInternetbusinessiscalledintoquestion.Thecomingyearswillbetheonlyreliableindicationofwhethershoppingontheworldwidewebisthewaveofthefutureorsimplyanimpulseactivitywhosewhimhaspassed.(404words)Notes:onawhim心血潮。surfv.冲浪。intheory在理论上，顺理成章。hosting访问率高的。call...intoquestion质疑，对…提出疑问。31.ItcanbelearnedfromthefirstparagraphthatInternetadvertising[A]hastakentheplaceofmoretraditionalmethodsofadvertising.[B]isoneofthemosteffectivewaystomakeprofitsontheweb.[C]isparallelingadvertisingmethodsintraditionalbusinesssettings.[D]seekstotemptcustomersthroughimpulseshoppingmethods.32.Thesecondandthirdparagraphsarewritteninordertoillustrate[A]thepolicyInternetadvertisersdesigntolureclienteleanditsoutcome.[B]theprocessandmixedconsequencesofInternetadvertisingandshopping.[C]thebiggestsplashInternetadvertisershaverecentlymadeinsalespromotions.[D]thebannersInternetadvertiserstakeadvantageoftoarousecustomers'interest.33.Analyzingthecurrentstateoftheonlineadvertisinginparagraph4,theauthorimpliesthat[A]ithastobemodifiedovertimetoremaineffective.[B]forallitscurrentprofits,itwillfadeinthelongrun.[C]bannersarebeginningtolosetheiradvertisingefficiency.[D]Internetadvertisingmethodswillcontinuetodecreasesales.34.Theexpression“dothetrick”inthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans[A]cometothepoint.[B]fulfilltheirpurpose.[C]failoftheirsuccess.[D]liveuptotheirpromise.35.Theauthor'sattitudetowardonlineadvertisingcanbesummarizedas[A]reservedconsentbutdiscontent.[B]objectiveanalysisvoidofopinions.[C]enthusiasticsupportbutslightcontempt.[D]approvalsofarbutuncertaintyinthefuture.