计算机考研：西安电子科技大学计算机学院2018年考研参考书目

>2018计算机考研交流群：452734424830计算机软件综合考试大纲(包括两部分)适用专业：计算机科学与技术081200A、《C语言程序设计》一、考试要求：1)掌握C语言语法及其特点;2

>2018计算机考研交流群：4527344242018计算机考研择校：计算机科学与技术院校排名排序学校名称得分星级学校数1清华大学1

>2018计算机考研交流群：452734424计算机网络科目在前两年的考试中都占25分，也是所占比重最小的一门课，难度也比其他科目相对小些，但是计算机网络科目是统考四门科目中，基本概念最多的一科。

2018考研英语二真题解析翻译部分已经公布，详情如下：【试题来源】:原文选自2017年3月16日，由SabaKhalid发表在杂志Blinklist上的文章，题目是WhyBillGatesR

2018年研究生入学统一考试英语二真题及解析已经公布，详情如下：SectionIUseofEnglishDirections：Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)whydopeoplereadnegativeInternetcommentsanddootherthingsthatwillobviouslybepainful?Becausehumanshaveaninherentneedto1uncertainty,accordingtoarecentstudyinPsychologicalScience.Thenewresearchrevealsthattheneedtoknowissostrongthatpeoplewiill2tosatisfytheircuriosityevenwhenitiscleartheanswerwill3.Inaseriesoffourexperiments,behavioralscientistsattheUniversityofChicagoandtheWisconsinSchoolofBusinesstestedstudents'willingnessto4themselvestounpleasantstimuliinanefforttosatisfycuriosity.Forone5eachparticipantwasshownapileofpensthattheresearcherclaimedwerefromapreviousexperiment.Thetwist?Halfofthepenswould6anelectricshockwhenclicked.Twenty-sevenstudentsweretoldwhichpenswereelectrified;anothertwenty-sevenweretoldonlythatsomewereelectrified7leftaloneintheroom,thestudentswhodidnotknowwhichoneswouldshockthemclickedmorepensandincurredmoreshocksthanthestudentswhoknewwhatwould8.Subsequentexperimentsreprocedthiseffectwithotherstimuli,9thesoundoffingernailsonachalkboardandphotographsofdisgustinginsects.Thedriveto10isdeeplyrootedinhumans,muchthesameasthebasicdrivesfor11orshelter,saysChristopherHseeoftheUniversityofChicago.Curiosityisoftenconsideredagoodinstinct-itcan12newscientificadvances,forinstance-butsometimessuch13canbackfire.Theinsightthatcuriositycandriveyoutodo14thingsisaprofoundone.Unhealthycuriosityispossibleto15,however.Inafinalexperiment,participantswhowereencouragedto16howtheywouldfeelafterviewinganunpleasantpicturewerelesslikelyto17toseesuchanimage.Theseresultssuggestthatimaginingthe18offollowingthroughonone'scuriosityaheadoftimecanhelpdetermine19itisworththeendeavor.Thinkingaboutlong-term20iskeytorecingthepossiblenegativeeffectsofcuriosity."Hseesays.Inotherwords,don'treadonlinecomments.1.A.resolveB.protectC.discussD.ignore2.A.refuseB.waitC.seekD.regret3.A.riseB.lastC.misleadD.hurt4.A.alertB.tieC.exposeD.treat5.A.messageB.trialC.reviewD.concept6.A.removeB.weakenC.deliverD.interrupt7.A.UnlessB.IfC.ThoughD.When8.A.happenB.continueC.disappearD.change9.A.ratherthanB.suchasC.regardlessofD.owingto10.A.disagreeB.forgiveC.forgetD.discover11.A.payB.marriageC.foodD.schooling12.A.beginwithB.restonC.learnfromD.leadto13.A.withdrawalB.inquiryC.persistenceD.diligence14.A.self-destiuctiveB.self-reliantC.self-evidentD.self-deceptive15.A.resistB.defineC.replaceD.trace16.A.predictB.overlookC.designD.conceal17.A.rememberB.chooseC.promiseD.pretend18.A.reliefB.planC.outcomeD.ty19.A.whetherB.whyC.whereD.how20.A.limitationsB.investmentsC.strategiesD.consequencesSectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1ItiscuriousthatStephenKoziatekfeelsalmostasthoughhehastojustifyhiseffortstogivehisstudentsabetterfuture.Mr.Koziatekispartofsomethingpioneering.HeisateacherataNewHampshirehighschoolwherelearningisnotsomethingofbooksandtestsandmechanicalmemorization,butpractical.Whendiditbecomeacceptedwisdomthatstudentsshouldbeabletonamethe13thpresidentoftheUnitedStatesbutbeutterlyoverwhelmedbyabrokenbikechain?AsKoziatekknows,thereislearninginjustabouteverything.Nothingisnecessarilygainedbyforcingstudentstolearngeometryatagraffitieddeskstuckwithgenerationsofdiscardedchewinggum.Theycanalsolearngeometrybyassemblingabicycle.Buthe’salsofoundakindofinsidiousprejudice.Workingwithyourhandsisseenasalmostamarkofinferiority.Schoolsinthefamilyofvocationalecation“havethatstereotype..thatit’sforkidswhocan’tmakeitacademically,”hesays.Ononehand,thatviewpointisalogicalproctofAmerica’sevolution.Manufacturingisnottheeconomicenginethatitoncewas.ThejobsecuritythattheUSeconomyonceofferedtohighschoolgraateshaslargelyevaporated.Moreecationisthenewprinciple.Wewantmoreforourkids,andrigitfullyso.Buttheheadlongpushintobachelor’sdegreesforall-andthesubtledevaluingofanythingless-missesanimportantpoint:That’snottheonlythingtheAmericaneconomyneds.Yes,abachelor’sdegreeopensmoredoors.Butevennow,54percentofthejobsinthecountryaremiddle-skilljobs,suchasconstructionandhigh-skillmanufacturing.Butonly44percentofworkersareadequatelytrained.Inotherwords,atatimewhentheworkingclasshasturnedthecountryonitspoliticalhead,frustratedthattheopportunitythatoncedefinedAmericaisvanishing,oneobvioussolutionisstaringusintheface.Thereisagapinworking-classjobs,buttheworkerswhoneedthosejobsmostaren’tequippedtodothem.Koziatek’sManchesterSchoolofTechnologyHighSchoolistryingtofillthatgap.Koziatek’sschoolisawake-upcall.Whenecationbecomesone-size-fits-all,itrisksoverlookinganation’sdiversiyofgifts.21.Abrokanbikechainismentionedtoshowstudents’lackof______.A.mechanicalmemorizationB.academictrainingC.practicalabilityD.pioneeringspirit22.Thereexiststheprejudicethatvocationalecationisforkidswho______.A.arefinanciallydisadvantagedB.arenotacademicallysuccessfulC.haveastereotypedmindD.havenocareermotivation23.WecaninferfromParagraph5thathighschoolgraates______.A.areentitledtomore“cationalprivilegesB.arereluctanttoworkinmanufacturingC.usedtohavemorejobopportunitiesD.usedtohavebigfinancialconcerns24.Theheadlongpushintobacheloi’sdegreesforall_____.A.helpscreatealotofmiddle-skilljobsB.maynarrowthegapinworking-classjobsC.isexpectedtoyieldabetter-trainedworkforceD.indicatestheovervaluingofhigherecation25.Theauthor’sattitudetowardKoziatek’sschoolcanbedescribedas_____.A.supportiveB.disappointedC.tolerantD.cautious21.答案Cpracticalability这是一道细节题，根据题干关键词可定位至第二段最后一句话,意思是”什么时候这种观点变得可接受了呢?学生应该能够说出美国第十三任总统的名字，但是却完全对坏了的自行车链束手无策”。从作者使用问句的形式就可判断出作者并不接受这种观点，即学生只学会书本上的知识而不具备实际能力。再结合上一句话即本段第二句话，MrKoziatek是NewHampshire高中的一名老师，在这所学校，学习不只是书本上的知识，或者是为了考试，也不是为了机械化的记忆，而是为了实际的技能。能看出，作者认为学生们缺少的是实际技能，所以答案是Cpracticalability.22.答案Barenotacademicallysuccessful这是一道具体细节题，根据题干关键词职业教育对孩子存在的偏见可定位至第四段最后一句，意思是“在很多职业化教育的学校中，有这样一种老套的思想，那就是，职业教育是针对那些在学术上不能成功的那些孩子的。”根据这句话可确定答案就是Barenotacademicallysuccessful。其他选项均不符合文意。23.答案Cusedtohavemorejobopportunities这是一道细节推断题，根据题干第五段和highschoolgraates回到原文定位致第五段第三句，说到美国经济曾经提供给高中毕业生的那种thejobsecurity已经在很大程度上evaporated也就是消失了，那说明过去的时候高中毕业生是有职业安全感的，故选C，其他选项都不在定位处，可以排除。24.答案Dindicatetheovervaluingofhigherecation这是一道事实细节题，根据题干内容“theheadlongpush”找到出处是第六段开头But后，发现后面还有一个and...和其并列，所以主要关注对这两部分的评价，后面有明显的标点：冒号出现，冒号后说thatisnottheonlythingtheAmericaneconomyneeds.可以看出这句话对前面的否定，选项中只有D选项动词overvalue是负面词，而且提到主题词ecation。故选D。这道题最适合用感情色彩来排除与D相反的其他三个选项。25.答案Asupportive这是一道态度题，放在最末的态度题更倾向于到最后一段找答案。通过定位词Koziatek’sschool看到最后一段也确实提到了，说它是一个wake-upcall。也就是在唤醒人们教育不应该是统一的形式，这样会overlookinganation’sdiversityofgifts，也就是忽视人才的差异性。所以可以看出作者是支持的态度。Text2Whilefossilfuels-coal,oil,gas-stillgenerateroughly85percentoftheworld'senergysupply,it'sclearerthaneverthatthefuturebelongstorenewablesourcessuchaswindandsolar.Themovetorenewablesispickingupmomentumaroundtheworld:Theynowaccountformorethanhalfofnewpowersourcesgoingonline.SomegrowthstemsfromacommitmentbygovernmentsandfarsightedBusinssestofundcleanerenergysources.Butincreasinglythestoryisabouttheplummetingpricesofrenewables,especiallywindandsolar.Thecostofsolarpanelshasdroppedby80percentandthecostofwindturbinesbyclosetaone-thirdinthepasteightyears.Inmanypartsoftheworldrenewableenergyisalreadyaprincipalenergysource.InScotland,forexample,windturbinesprovideenoughelectricitytopower95percentofhomes.Whiletherestoftheworldtakesthelead,notablyChinaandEurope,theUnitedStatesisalsoseeingaremarkableshift.InMarch,forthefirsttime,windandsolarpoweraccountedformorethan10percentofthepowergeneratedintheUS,reportedtheUSEnergyInformationAdministration.PresidentTrumphasunderlinedfossilfuels-especiallycoal-asthepathtoeconomicgrowth.InarecentspeechinIowa,hedismissedwindpowerasanunreliableenergysource,ButthatmessagedidnotplaywellwithmanyinIowa,wherewindturbinesdotthefieldsandprovide36percentofthestate'selectricitygeneration-andwheretechgiantslikeMicrosoftarebeingattractedbytheavailabilityofcleanenergytopowertheirdatacenters.Thequestion“whathappenswhenthewinddoesn'tbloworthesundoesn'tshine?"hasprovidedaquickput-downforskeptics.Butaboostinthestorageapacityofbatteriesismakingtheirabilitytokeeppowerflowingaroundtheclockmorelikely.Theadvanceisdriveninparbyvehiclemanufacturers,whoareplacingbigbetsonbattery-poweredelectricvehicles.Althoughelectriccarsarestillararityonroadsnow.thismassiveinvestmentcouldchangethepicturerapidlyincomingyears.Whilethere'salongwaytogo,thetrendlinesforrenewablesarespiking.Thepaceofchangeinenergysourcesappearstobespeedingupperhaps:justintimetohaveameaningfuleffectinslowingclimatechange.WhatWashingtondoes-ordoesn'tdo-topromotealternativeenergymaymeanlessandlessatimeofaglobalshiftinthought.26.Theword"plummeting"(Line3,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto______A.stabilizingB.changingC.fallingD.rising27.AccordingtoParagraph3,theuseofrenewableenergyinAmerica______A.isprogressingnotablyB.isasextensiveasinEuropeC.facesmanychallengesD.hasprovedtobeimpractical28.ItcanbelearnedthatinIowa,______.A.windisawidelyusedenergysourceB.windenergyhasreplacedfossilfuelsC.techgiantsareinvestingincleanenergyD.thereisashortageofcleanenergysupply29.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutcleanenergyaccordingtoParagraphs5&6?A.Itsapplicationhasboostedbatterystorage.B.Itiscommonlyusedincarmanufacturing.C.Itscontinuoussupplyisbecomingareality.D.Itssustainableexploitationwillremaindifficult.30.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatrenewableenergy_____.A.willbringtheUSclosertoothercountriesB.willaccelerateglobalenvironmentalchangeC.isnotreallyencouragedbytheUSgovernmentD.isnotcompetitiveenoughwithregardtoitscost30.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatrenewableenergy_____.A.willbringtheUSclosertoothercountriesB.willaccelerateglobalenvironmentalchangeC.isnotreallyencouragedbytheUSgovernmentD.isnotcompetitiveenoughwithregardtoitscost26.答案Cfalling这是一道词义句意题，要想知道plummeting的意思，首先要回到原文找线索，即plummeting所在的句子以及上下句，由原文可知，plummeting所在句子是在说现在例如风能和太阳能这样的可再生资源的价格的问题，plummeting是修饰可再生资源的价格的，接着二段最后一句就在用具体数字来证明可再生资源的成本在下降，如太阳能成本下降了百分之八十，风能也降到三分之一，由此可知，可再生资源的成本在下降，plummeting的含义是下降的意思。所以选择Cfalling。27.答案Aisprogressingnotably这是一道具体细节题，根据题干关键词定位至第三段第三句及第四句，意思是“在中国和欧洲等国家已经领先时，美国也在见证着巨大的改变。根据美国能源信息局报道，三月份，美国首次使用风能和太阳能产生了超过百分之十以上的能源。”这足以说明在美国，可再生能源的使用正在取得显著地进步。所以答案是A。28.答案Awindisawidelyusedenergysource这是一道细节推断题，根据题干关键词定位至第四段第三句，在爱荷华州，风力涡轮机点缀着这个州并提供了此州百分之三十六的电能，并且还吸引了像微软这样的科技巨头公司。因此可判断，在爱荷华州，风能是一种广泛使用的能源。所以答案是A。29.答案Citscontinuoussupplyisbecomingareality这是一道是非细节题，根据题干给出的段落位置，5-6两段和主题词cleanenergy，回到原文的第5-6段，这两段都不长，第五段出现了But后讲到电池容量的提升aboostinthestorage，与A选项不符，并不是因果关系，故排除;B选项说道广泛用在制造业也不符合原文第六段第一句;而D选项和原文第六段最后一句是语义相反的，故也排除;正确选项C是和这句话语义一致的，也是和全文主题一致的，故为正确答案。30.答案CisnotreallyencouragedbytheUSgovernment这是一道细节推断题，题干问“根据最后一段可以推断出来可再生能源怎么了”，回到原文最后一段第一句就表明尽管还有很长一段路要走，可再生能源发展的趋势在增强。后面也提到改变的节奏在加快，对slowing气候变化有meaningfuleffect，所以可以看出B选项accelerate...是不对的，D选项中提到的价格不具有竞争力不在本段当中，也应排除。剩下的两个选项都提到了美国，就应该重点看最后一句，最后一句提到华盛顿政府做或不做什么都maymeanlessandless...所以可以看出美国不应该是和其他国家更近，排除A，所以选C，美国不是真正支持可再生能源的。Text3Thepowerandambitionofthegiantsofthedigitaleconomyisastonishing—AmazonhasjustannouncedthepurchaseoftheupmarketgrocerychainWholeFoodsfor$13.5bn,buttwoyearsagoFacebookpaidevenmorethanthattoacquiretheWhatsAppmessagingservice,whichdoesn’thaveanyphysicalproctatall.WhatWhatsAppofferedFacebookwasanintricateandfinelydetailedwebofitsusers’friendshipsandsociallives.FacebookpromisedtheEuropeancommissionthenthatitwouldnotlinkphonenumberstoFacebookidentities,butitbrokethepromisealmostassoonasthedealwentthrough.Evenwithoutknowingwhatwasinthemessages,theknowledgeofwhosentthemandtowhomwasenormouslyrevealingandstillcouldbe.Whatpoliticaljournalist,whatpartywhip,wouldnotwanttoknowthemakeupoftheWhatsAppgroupsinwhichTheresaMay’senemiesarecurrentlyplotting?ItmaybethatthevalueofWholeFoodstoAmazonisnotsomuchthe460shopsftowns,buttherecordsofwhichcustomershavepurchasedwhat.Competitionlawappearstobetheonlywaytoaddresstheseimbalancesofpower.Butitisclumsy.Foronething,itisveryslowcomparedtothepaceofchangewithinthedigitaleconomy.Bythetimeaproblemhasbeenaddressedandremedieditmayhavevanishedinthemarketplace,tobereplacedbynewabusesofpower.Butthereisadeeperconceptualproblem,too.Competitionlawaspresentlyinterpreteddealswithfinancialdisadvantagetoconsumersandthisisnotobviouswhentheusersoftheseservicesdon’tpayforthem.Theusersoftheirservicesarenottheircustomers.Thatwouldbethepeoplewhobuyadvertisingfromthem—andFacebookandGoogle,thetwovirtualgiants,dominatedigitaladvertisingtothedisadvantageofallothermediaandentertainmentcompanies.Theproctthey’resellingisdata,andwe,theusers,convertourlivestodataforthebenefitofthedigitalgiants.Justassomeantsfarmthebugscalledaphidsforthehoneydewtheyprocewhe31.AccordingtoParagraph1，FacebookacquiredWhatsAppforits。A.digialproctsB.userinformationC.physicalassetsD.qualityservice32.LinkingphonenumberstoFaccbookidentitiesmayA.worsenpoliticaldisputesB.messupcustomerrecordsC.posearisktoFacebookusersD.misleadtheEuropeancommission33.Accordingtotheauthor，competitionlawA.shouldservethenewmarketpowersB.mayworsentheeconomicimbalancensC.shouldnotprovidejustonelegalsolutionD.cannotkeeppacewiththechangingmarket34.CompetitionlawaspresentlyinterpretedcanhardlyprotectFacebooknsersBecauseA.theyarenodefinedascustomersB.theyarenotfinanciallyreliableC.theservicesaregenerallydigitalD.theservicesarepaidforbyadvertisers35.TheantsanalogyisusedtollustrateA.awin-winbusinessmodelbetweendigitalgiantsB.atypicalcompetitionpattemamongdigitalgiantsC.thebenefitsprovidedfordigitalgiants'customersD.therelationshipbetweendigitalgiantsandtheirusers31.答案[B]userinformation解析：细节题。根据题干信息定位到第一段第二句。该句提到两年前Facebook花了更多的钱获得了WhatsApp的信息服务。接着提到WhatsApp提供给Facebook的是关于其用户的朋友圈以及社会生活等具体精炼的信息。由此可知，B项为正确答案。32.答案[C]posearisktoFacebookusers解析：细节题。根据题干关键词linkingthephonenumber定位第二段第一句。该句提到Facebook向欧洲委员会承诺不会把用户的电话号与Facebook的身份认证连系到一起，但是协议通过之后Facebook立马失信。接下来提到“甚至都不清楚信息里面都有什么，也不知谁发的消息，发送的目的又是什么”。因此，可能会给用户造成风险。因此C项符合文意。33.答案[D]cannotkeeppacewiththechangingmarket解析：细节题。根据题干关键词competitionlaw定位到第三段第一句。该句指出“竞争法似乎成为解决这些不平等权力的唯一办法，但是此法案太过笨拙”。下一句提到“一方面，相比于数据经济变化的速度，此法案发展是非常缓慢的”。由此可知，该法案跟不上当前市场变化的步伐。因此D项为正确答案。34.答案[D]theservicesarepaidforbyadvertisers.解析：根据题目中的because可确定为因果细节题。题干中的信息出现在第三段后半部分，是题目中的原词competitionlawaspresentlyinterpreted，而原因在其后面的句子。下文写到，theusersoftheirservicesarenot，读到这里的not，一定要找而是谁。继续读下一句，Thatwouldbethepeoplewhobuyadvertisingfromthem…，与选项对应，可得出[D]theservicesarepaidforbyadvertisers。35.答案[D]therelationshipbetweendigitalgiantsandtheirusers.解析：根据题目中isusedtoillustrate可判断为例证题，要找到theantsanalogy论据所证明的论点;论点在论据之前，因此先找到论据theantsanalogy，再找到论据前的论点句。所以本题定位到最后一段的第一句，Theproct…isdata，andwe…convertourlivestodata…。此句中，data即digitalgiants，we即users。因此答案为[D]therelationshipbetweendigitalgiantsandtheirusers.Text4Tocombatthetrapofputtingapremiumonbeingbusy,CalNewport,authorofDeepWork:RulesforFocusedSuccessinaDistractedWorld,recommendsbuildingahabitof“deepwork”-theabilitytofucuswithoutdistraction.Thereareanumberofapproachestomasteringtheartofdeepwork-beitlengthyretreatsdedicatedtoaspecifictask;developingadailyritual;ortakinga“journalistic”approachtoseizingmomentsofdeepworkwhenyoucanthroughouttheday.Whicheverapproach,thekeyistodetermineyourlengthoffocustimeandsticktoit.Newportalsorecommends“deepscheling”tocombatconstantinterruptionsandgetmoredoneinlesstime.“Atanygivenpoint,Ishouldhavedeepworkscheledforroughlythenextmonth.Onceonthecalendar,IprotectthistimelikeIwouldadoctor’sappointmentorimportantmeeting,”hewrites.Anotherapproachtogettingmoredoneinlesstimeistorethinkhowyouprioritiseyourday-inparticularhowwecraftourto-dolists.TimHarford,authorofMessy:ThePowerofDisordertoTransformOurLives,pointstoastudyintheearly1980sthatdividedundergraatesintotwogroups:somewereadvisedtosetoutmonthlygoalsandstudyactivities;othersweretoldtoplanactivitiesandgoalsinmuchmoredetail,daybyday.Whiletheresearchersassumedthatthewell-structureddailyplanswouldbemosteffectivewhenitcometotheexecutionoftasks,theywerewrong:thedetaileddailyplansdemotivatedstudents.Harfordarguesthatinevitabledistractionsoftenrenderthedailyto-dolistineffective,whileleavingroomforimprovisationinsuchalistcanreapthebestresults.Inordertomakethemostofourfocusandenergy,wealsoneedtoembracedowntime,orasNewportsuggests,“belazy.”“Idlenessisnotjustavacation,aninlgenceoravice;itisasindispensabletothebrainasvitaminDistothebody...[idleness]is,paradoxically,necessarytogettinganyworkdone,”heargues.SriniPillay,anassistantprofessorofpsychiatryatHarvardMedicalSchool,believesthiscounterintuitivelinkbetweendowntimeandproctivitymaybeetothewayourbrainsoperate.Whenourbrainsswitchbetweenbeingfocusedandunfocusedonatask,theytendtobemoreefficient.“Whatpeopledon’trealiseisthatinordertocompletethesetaskstheyneedtouseboththefocusandunfocuscircuitsintheirbrain，”saysPillay.Text436.Thekeytomasteringtheartofdeepworkisto______A.seizeeveryminutetoworkB.listyouimmediatetasksC.makespecificdailyplansD.Keeptoyourfocustime37.Thestudyintheearly1980scitedbyHarfordshowsthatA.studentsarehardlymotivatedbymonthlygoalsB.detailedplansmaynotbeasfruitfulasexpectedC.distractionsmayactuallyincreaseefficiencyD.dailyschelesarcindispensabletostudying38.AccordingtoNewport,idlenessis__________-A.adesirablementalstateforbusypeopleB.amajorcontributortophysicalhealthC.aneffectivewaytosavetimeandenergy0.anessentialfactorinaccomplishinganywork39.Pillaybelievesthatourbrain’sshiftbetweenbeingfocusedandinfocused______A.canbringaboutgreaterefficiencyB.canresultinpsychologicalwell-beingC.isdrivenbytaskurgencyD.isaimedatbetterbalanceinwork40.Thistextismainlyabout_____A.approachestogettingmoredoneinlesstimeB.WaystorelievethetensionofbusylifeC.ThekeytoeliminatingdistractionsD.Thecauseofthelackoffocustime36.答案[D]keeptoyourfocustime解析：细节题。根据题干的masteringtheartofdeepwork定位到第二段首句。该句指出“有很多种掌握深度工作的方法-不论是专注于指定工作时长时间的后退，或者养成惯例，还是当你一天有闲暇之余采用纪实的方式捕捉深度工作的瞬间”。接着提到“不论是那种方式，关键在于确定你的专注力时间长度并保持专注”。由此可知，D项为正确答案。37.答案[B]detailedplansmaynotbeasfruitfulasexpected解析：例证题。根据题干时间信息1980s以及Harford定位到第四段与第五段。第四段首句指出另一种短时间做更多事情的方法是反思怎么才能优先处理好你的一天-特别是制作我们待办事项的方法。接着作者举例大学生们分成小组每天做各种详细复杂的任务。第五段首句用while画风一转，表示这种复杂的任务让学生们感到消极，并表示工作中难免会分散注意力，这将影响日常待办事项的效率。可知，作者用反面例子来论证观点，即复杂的计划可能没有像期望的那样有效果。故选B项。38.答案[D]anessentialfactorinaccomplishinganywork.解析：根据题目Newport得出本题目为细节题中的文中人物观点题。根据题干中的idleness可定位到倒数第三段，idlenessisnot，读到这里依然需要看下文，下面提到itisas…as…，isnecessarytogettinganyworkdone。再对应选项，可直接选出[D]anessentialfactorinaccomplishinganywork。39.答案[A]canbringaboutgreaterefficiency.解析：根据题目中的Pillaybelieves可得出本题目为细节题中的文中人物观点题型。根据题目中的信息，可以定位到倒数第二段最后一句，明确指出theytendtobemoreefficient。然后对应选项得出[A]canbringaboutgreaterefficiency。40.答案[A]approachestogettingmoredoneinlesstime.解析：根据题目的mainlyabout可知为文章主旨题，首先可以通过题目的复现内容找与文章主旨有关的词汇，题目中反复出现了focus内容，可判断与人们的注意力有。其次，文章主旨一般在开篇第一段或第二段会出现，第一段引用CalNewport的观点指出focuswithoutdistraction话题，第二段就提到了主题approachestomasteringthdartofdeepwork，此刻主题已明确，并且第四段有明显的证明anotherapproach。所以本题选[A]approachestogettingmoredoneinlesstime。PartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachofthenumberedparagraphs(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.41.选B。该小标题需要涵盖三段内容。第一段开始说到你想跟陌生人说话，但是“itjustwon’tcomeout”，提到说话说不出来，随后直接出现我的建议“Myadvice：justgetitout“，即去说。所以选B：Justsayit去说42，选F。该小标题下第一段第一句话就说了你时间有限“youhavelimitedtime”，然后说到如果陷到寒暄当中“hi，hello，howareyou，whatisgoingon”会让对话没法令人印象深刻。下一段“So”表明结论，去问更多个人问题“personalquestions”，所以选F：Skipthesmalltalk跳过寒暄43.选D。第一句话就说到了第一次交谈要找到共同点“haveincommon”，从这个共同点“thatpoint”来开展对话“buildtheconversation”，所以选D：findthe“metoo”s找到共同点44.选G。第一段先举例，说你跟人讲心事时，别人分心干别的。然后下一段“So”表明结论，人家跟跟你沟通，你要全心投入“wholeheartedly”。所以选G：Payauniquecomplement专注45，选E。第一句话就提到了忘记只见过一面的人的名字“name”。“So”后面又提到回忆地点“places”和好恶的事情“things”等细节，所以选E：Name，places，thingsSectionIIITranslation46.Directions：TranslatethefollowingtextfromEnglishintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET.(15points)Afifthgradergetsahomeworkassignmenttoselecthisfuturecareerpathfromalistofoccupations.Heticks“astronaut”butquicklyadds“scientist”tothelistandselectsitaswell.Theboyisconvincedthatifhereadsenough,hecanexploreasmanycareerpathsashelikes.Andsohereads—everythingfromencyclopediastosciencefictionnovels.Hereadssopassionatelythathisparentshavetoinstitutea“noreadingpolicy”atthedinnertable.ThatboywasBillGates,andhehasn’tstoppedreadingyet—notevenafterbecomingoneofthemostsuccessfulpeopleontheplanet.Nowadays,hisreadingmaterialhaschangedfromsciencefictionandreferencebooks:recently,herevealedthathereadsatleast50nonfictionbooksayear.Gateschoosesnonfictiontitlesbecausetheyexplainhowtheworldworks.“Eachbookopensupnewavenuesofknowledgetoexplore”,Gatessays.【真题译文】：一个五年级的学生收到一份家庭作业：即从一系列职业中选择自己未来的职业道路。他勾划了“宇航员”，但很快由将“科学家”添加到列表中，并也将其选中。这个男孩相信，如果他读得足够多，他就可以探索尽可能多的他喜欢的职业道路。所以他读书广泛——从百科全书到科幻小说。他读得如此投入，以至于他的父母不得不制定一个：在餐桌上的“不读书政策”。那个男孩就是比尔盖茨，他没有停止阅读，甚至在他成为这个星球上最成功的人士之一后，仍旧没有停下来。现在，他的阅读材料已经不再是科幻小说和工具书了：最近据他所说，他一年内至少读了50本非科幻小说。比尔盖茨选择非科幻小说类书籍，是因为这类书籍解释了世界是如何运作的。“每本书都开辟了新的知识探索渠道。”盖茨说。SectionIVWritingPartA47.Directions:SupposeyouhavetocancelyourtravelplanandwillnotbeabletovisitProfessorSmith.Writehimanemailto1)Apologizeandexplainthesituation,and2)SuggestafuturemeetingYoushouldwriteneatlyontheANWSERSHEET.Donotsignyouownnameattheendoftheletter,use“LiMing”instead.Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)DearProf.Smith,IamsorrytotellyouthatIhavetocancelmytravelplantoyourcityforsomereasons,thusIamafraidthatIcouldn'tvisityouaccordingtotheecource.SoIamwritingforthepurposeofextendingmysincereapologytoyou.Actually,Imissyouverymuch,butIreceivedanoticesuddenlythatIhavetoattendanexamifIwouldlovetoapplyforanopportunityforfurtherstudyabroad.NeverthelessIhaven'tpreparedforitverywellHenceIhavetospendmoretimeandenergyonit.Pleaseaccpetmyhearfeltapologyagain!IamreallysorryforanyinconvenienceIcaused.AndIamhonorabletoaskifIcouldmakeananotherappointmentwithyou.Iamlookingforwardtoyourresponseatyourearliestconvenience.Regards!Yoursfaithfully,LiMingePartB48.Directions:Writeanessaybasedonthechartbelow.Inyourwriting,youshould1)interpretthechart,and2)giveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.(15points) 

各位同学大家好，经过长达一年乃至几年的艰苦备考，2021年的考研儿们都考完了。那今年的作文是个什么样的难度，其实难度还是中等的哦。先来说说英语一的作文：2021考研英语一、二大作文难度分析有很多同学

【题目】51.Directions:Writeanemailtoallinternationalexpertsoncampus,invitingthemtoattendth

【题目】52.Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthepicturebelow.Inyouressay,yoush

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